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CHALLENGES OF ICT INTEGRATION IN ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: THE CASE OF GURAGE ZONE ENOR WOREDA SECONDARY SCHOOLS
(Hawassa University, 2024-05-13) TILAHUN GERESSU
This research explores the challenges of Information and Communication Technology
integration in ethiopian secondary schools. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative
approaches, data was collected through interviews, questionnaires, and observations to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the difficulties faced by students and teachers. The study
highlights several major findings.
Students in rural areas often exhibit limited practical ICT skills due to a lack of hands-on
learning opportunities, inadequate access to functional ICT tools, and insufficient exposure to
real-world applications. Confidence in using ICT is low, largely because of outdated or
malfunctioning equipment and a lack of consistent teacher support. Significant gaps in digital
literacy were also found, particularly in software use, online study, and digital safety. The study
further identifies several infrastructure-related challenges, such as limited ICT equipment, poor
internet connectivity, frequent power outages, and inadequate teacher training in ICT.
In conclusion, ICT integration in rural secondary schools is hindered by a range of factors,
including financial constraints, cultural barriers, and low student motivation. The research
recommends increased investment in ICT infrastructure, teacher training, and digital literacy
programs. Addressing financial and infrastructural limitations through government and NGO
support, enhancing community awareness, and developing localized digital content are also
suggested as strategies for improving ICT integration. These measures, coupled with alternative
power solutions and curriculum revisions, aim to foster an environment where students can
effectively engage with technology, contributing to the overall socio-economic development of
rural communities
ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS DIGITAL SKILL IN ETHIOPIAN HIGH SCHOOLS: (IN CASE OF EAST GUJI GIRJA WOREDA)
(Hawassa University, 2024-04-14) FIROMSA DENU
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is becoming increasingly important for
sustainable development, in our daily lives and in our educational system. Therefore, there is a
growing demand on educational institutions to integrate and use ICT for enhancing the teaching
and learning process and for the students to acquire the necessary skills in this 21st century. ICT
is the process of gathering, creating, processing, and storage of information by using hardware,
software, as well as the internet and global system of mobile communication (GSM). Realizing
the effect of ICT on the workplace and everyday life, today’s educational institutions try to
restructure their educational curriculum and classroom facilities, in order to bridge the existing
technology gap in teaching and learning especially in developing countries like Ethiopia .There
exists problems in the inadequacy of exploiting ICT in secondary schools such as lack of the
requisite skills and interest of the most teachers as well as lack of active participation digital
skill use of student were the widely observed problems in Ethiopia in general and in selected
secondary school of this study. Specifically, the objective of this study was focused to
assessment of student digital skill in Ethiopian high schools (in case of East Guji Girja Woreda).
The research design selected for this study is a descriptive analysis approach and the study areas
of this research were East Guji Girja Woreda secondary schools located in Oromia region. The
total population of the study was 231 Individuals and the sample size was 144 respondent i.e.
144 students selected using simple random sampling technique and 4 interviewees were selected
using purposeful sampling method. Here, in order to collect data from the respondents, 26
questions of the questionnaire for 144 students, and 12 interview questions for 4 teachers were
used. Then the data analysis mechanism was by using SPSS software package, and descriptive
analysis. Majority of the responses gathered from the three tools shows that there was lack of
knowledge and skill of ICT students. In this case, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy ,
Social Influence , Facilitating Conditions , Behavioral Intention as well as Digital Skills were the
independent variables while assessment of student practicing ICT digital skill was the dependent
variable. Five mentioned variables have influenced on the Behavioral intention to use new
technology. The result shows that there was highly unsatisfied in their learning and using ICT.
The lack of attention to improve digital skill in the school and they exists weakness on the
position of ICT resources and poor in developing skill students were the major findings
Academic Performance Prediction Model for Teacher's Training Colleges Using Machine learning Approach
(Hawassa University, 2020-08-19) Firehiwot Getachew
Data mining is the process of extracting novel or previously unknown information from a
large amount of data. The purpose of this study is to develop an academic performance
prediction model and identifying the factors that affect academic performance of college
student using data mining techniques. The data used for this study are 1023 active students
from HCTE in 2018/19 academic year. For the consumption of this research, both primary
and secondary data was used. Primary data such as age, gender, previous high school,
department, library usage, study hours, sport interest, mother education, father education,
time spent in social media, family support and economic status of family is collected by
means of questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the HCTE registrar office.
The prediction model was developed using multilayer perceptron (MLP) classification
algorithm, Naive Bayes and J48 and correlation based feature selection (CFS) is applied to
identify the predictive attributes of academic performance. Finally, Multilayer perceptron,
Naive Bayes and J48 is compared using the same dataset. According to the result of the
experiments, Multilayer perceptron using all attributes with test method of 10-fold cross
validation and accuracy 60.6% gives better result compared to Naive Bayes, J48 and MLP
after applying attribute selection. The study findings also showed that sex of the student, total
courses credit hours taken by the students, study hours, assignment performance and library
usage of the students are identified as a significant factor affecting academic performance.
WEKA 3.8.1 tool was used for data mining process.
CUSTOMIZED INTERLINE POWER FLOW CONTROLLER FOR VOLTAGE PROFILE IMPROVEMENT AND POWER LOSS MINIMIZATION OF TRANSMISSION LINE (CASE STUDY: SOUTHERN REGION FROM SHASHEMENE TO BUKULUGUMA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM)
(Hawassa University, 2024-10-03) ASRAT LEMMA
An electrical system is a collection of components that are used to supply, transmit, and consume
electricity. Transmission lines effectively transfer the electricity produced by different power
plants. Nevertheless, the generated electricity is not entirely supplied to customers because of
voltage drop and power loss. Uncontrolled bus voltage profile caused problems for industries that were
developing quickly. Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is a type of flexible AC transmission
system (FACTs) devices applicable to reduce power loss and enhance voltage profiles of the
transmission networks from Shashemene to Bukuluguma transmission system. Load flow analysis
on nine buses were performed by Newton Raphson load flow analysis technique using MATLAB
R2016a. The analysis showed that out of nine buses four buses are out of voltage limit. On the
system as a whole, there has been a loss of 8% real power and 10.42% MVAr reactive power, or
7.322MW and 4.530 MVAr, respectively. To minimize the loss problems, grey wolf optimization
(GWO) techniques were proposed to search optimal place and size of interline power flow
controller (IPFC), placed on bus 5, and sized 27MVAr. GWO techniques are compared with
Antlion optimization, but GWO gives a good performance. After analysis data 4 buses bus number
4, 7, 8, and 9 are out of permissible values, the remaining buses are within acceptable limits. GWO
techniques suggest implementing the lowest voltage stability index bus. After installing IPFC in
optimal power flow place the network problem is improved by GWO 6.1% and ALO 3.9%, the
lowest case voltage profile improved from 0.937pu to 0.978pu and 59.7% of active power and
40% of reactive power are saved. Finally, the reduction result suggest that the recommended
approach is operative to regulate all buses voltage magnitudes within the NEC and IEEE
permissible boundary and to minimize power loss considerably
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF SWAT AND HEC- HMS MODELS ON RAINFALL-RUNOFF ESTIMATION AT THE GREAT AKAKI RIVERWATERSHED, ETHIOPIA.
(Hawassa Unversity, 2023-10-17) HENOK GEZAHEGN MULUNEH
The present study was conducted to examine the accuracy and applicability of the hydrological
models Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC)-
Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) to simulate stream flow. Models combined with the ArcGIS
interface have been used for hydrological study in the Great Akaki River watershed. The critical
focus of the stream flow analysis was to determine the efficiency of the models when the models
were calibrated and optimized using observed flows in the simulation of stream flow. Daily
weather gauge stations data were used as inputs for the models from the 1995-2017 periods.
Other data inputs required to run the models included land use/land cover (LU/LC) classes
resulting from Map agency and related offices, soil map and digital elevation model (DEM). For
evaluating the model performance and calibration, daily stream discharge from the catchment
outlet data was used. For the SWAT model calibration, ALPHA_BF (Base flow alpha factor
(days), curve number (CN) and GW_DELAY(Groundwater delay(day)) are identified as the
sensitive parameters. SCS.lag (MI), Curve number(AMC_II) and Initial abstraction (Ia) are the
significant parameters identified for the HEC-HMS model calibration. The models were
subsequently adjusted by auto calibration for 1995-2010 to minimize the variations in simulated
and observed stream flow values at the catchment outlet (Aba Samuel). The hydrological models
were validated for the 2011-2017 period by using the calibrated models. For evaluating the
simulating daily stream flow during calibration and validation phases, performances of the
models were conducted by using the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of
determination (R2). The SWAT model yielded high R2 and NSE values of 0.85 and 0.82 for daily
stream flow comparisons for the catchment outlet at the calibration and validation time,
suggesting that the SWAT model showed relatively good results compared to the HEC-HMS
model. Also, under modified LU/LC and ungaugedstream flow conditions, the calibrated models
can be later used to simulate stream flow for future predictions. Overall, the SWAT model seems
to have done well in stream flow analysis for hydrological studies.