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ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION OF BOVIPREG FOR PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS OF DAIRY CATTLE IN SIDAMA ZONE OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2019) MULUGETA TESFAYE
The assessment of breeding practice and reproductive management and evaluation of Bovipreg kit for early pregnancy diagnosis of crossbred dairy cattle was conducted in three districts of Sidama zone namely Arbegona, Bona and Bensa. The districts were categorized under high altitude and mid altitude to assess the existing breeding practice and reproductive management of dairy cattle. A total of 90 respondents were randomly selected from 6 kebeles for the survey. The data acquired from the respondents were analysed using the GLM of SPSS. The survey result revealed that the average age at first calving for crossbred was 3.3 years for the high altitude and 3.5 for the mid altitude and had no significantly difference (p>0.05) among the two altitudes, the result also indicate that the mean calving interval of 458.23 days and 439.9 days for the high altitude and mid altitude respectively and had no significantly difference (p>0.05); also daily milk yield of the dairy cattle in the current study area had no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the two altitudes of the study area. As opposed to this there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the two altitudes with regard to lactation length and calving to first service insemination. The breeding practice in the current study areas shown 71.1% of the respondents were using natural mating of bull irrespective to the altitudes, but the pedigree of most of breeding bulls in the study area was not known clearly. The study further revealed that few of the respondents were aware the importance of heat detection to decide time of insemination. Thus in most cases the AM/PM rule for insemination was not followed properly and this is one of the cases to have low efficiency of the AI service in the study area. Due to this and related factors most of the farmers gradually shift their breeding system from AI service to bull mating in both study area. With regard to feed the main source of feed for dairy cattle was natural pasture followed by crop residue in both altitudes of the study area. Most of the respondent irrespective of the altitudes agreed that they kept their all livestock species including dairy cattle together with the family dwelling. In addition to survey part of the study action research was conducted to evaluate Bovipreg kit for early pregnancy diagnosis of crossbred dairy cattle in two PAs of Bensa district. A total of 44 crossbred cows were selected and randomly grouped to 2 groups (22 cows per a group) for early pregnancy diagnosis by using Bovipreg at 18 - 22 days post insemination. The groups were test for PD by using blood serum (group 1) and milk (group 2). The accuracy of Bovipreg kit for positive pregnancy was 81.18% for blood sample and it was 72.73% for milk sample and had significant difference (p<0.01) among the two samples. Use of Bovipreg kit can be an effective tool to identify the pregnancy status of dairy cattle much ahead than most of the current existing methods and has a fundamental important to improve the reproductive management of dairy cattle.
ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES, AND SOME EGG QUALITY TRAITS OF CHICKENS REARED IN LOKA ABAYA DISTRICT, SIDAMA ZONE, SOUTHERN, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2019) HAILU DUKAKO
This study was carried out in Loka Abaya District, Sidama Zone of Southern Ethiopia. So far there are limited studies conducted in Loka Abaya targeting comprehensive description of the production performance, associated constraints, management practice, and egg quality traits of backyard chicken in rural communities. The objectives of the study were to assess chicken husbandry practices, production, and reproduction potential and evaluate some egg quality parameters in the study. The agro ecology was arranged systematically, Kebeles were selected purposively, and random sampling was used to select 120 chicken rearing households from two agro ecologies. Household survey, key informant interview, and focus group discussions were employed to draw out appropriate data using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, interview schedule, and discussion guide. Concerning egg quality determination, households who have native chicken and cross chicken ecotypes were identified from each agro ecology and, 200 eggs were collected for quality parameters generally. Chi- square test and ANOVA were employed to analyze the statistical difference between two agro ecologies. Accordingly, the result revealed that the mean flock structure of chicks, cockerels, pullet, hens, and cocks, were 5.4 (0.01TLU), 0.9 (0.01TLU), 1.5(0.01TLU), 4.5(0.01TLU) and 0.8 (0.01TLU) heads per household, respectively and mean flock size of chicken 9.4(0.01). The current finding also indicated that the major feed resources were scavenging and supplementary feed (47.5%) and types of supplementary feed was maize and wheat (52.5%). Regarding housing, watering, and chicken constraints; 50.8% of respondents house their chicken with family, 89.2% of respondent provide water freely and predator were major problem followed by disease. Based on survey result the primary purpose of chicken production in the study area was income generation. The current finding also showed that majority of farmers in the study area, purchased veterinary drugs@Oxytetracycline 20% to treat their chicken (47.5%) and also used ethno veterinary medicines (39.2%) and used “Ash “during hatching or egg incubation time to protect eggs from contamination of human hands (90%). The result also indicated that the major determinant factors that affectinfluencing the chicken husbandry practices in the study area include presence of predators, disease, feed shortage, lack of adequate veterinary services and lack of knowledge about modern chicken husbandry practices were identified as the major determinant factors that influence poultry production in the study area. Regarding egg quality parameters; there were difference (p<0.05) between egg weight, egg width, albumen height, albumen weight, yolk color, specific egg gravity, and Haugh unit. An understanding of factors influencing the decision of the respondents were associated with improvement in poultry husbandry critical when formulating technologies regarding with husbandry practices that support chicken production.
GNITEKRAM ,NOITCUDORP YRIAD FO YDUTS EVITARAPMOC ODNOW NI SEITINUTROPPO DNA STNIARTSNOC ,SMETSYS DNA TENEG ,ASSAWAH HTUOS NRE AIPOIHTE
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2018) MRIG SUSEYELIAHA TTUBA
A c vitarapmo e uts dy fo riad y dorp uc noit a dn ram ek gnit systems, c stniartsno na d
tinutroppo ies saw c rra i de tuo ni odnoW Ge ten a dn assawaH rA ea fo So htu e nr oihtE pia.
The jbo ce t vi e fo the duts y saw ot ide itn fy dna itiroirp ze ht e ts r htgne , weakne ss ,
tinutroppo ies dna ht re ta s pe niniatr g ot iad ry orp duc noit dna am rk gnite system ni the uts dy
ra eas. sopruP i ev lpmas i sgn ollof wed by modnar gnilpmas orp c sse rew e olpme ey d ot select
re rp ese atn t vi e kebeles a dn 021 suoh eho sdl orf m W odno Ge ten dna aH w assa ra ea. paR di
ram ek t siarppa a sl (RM )A were e lpm oyed ni dro er ot col el ct eler v na t atad morf eht
re eps ctive k ye fni namro ts ta ffid ere tn ats ges. The atad were sylana ed u gnis descr tpi i ev
tsitats ics fo SPS S. T rh ee types fo li ev s cot k rp o ud c noit ys ts e sm were ide fitn ied ni the
cirtsid t, n ma ely ri r detagi roforga e rs ty ab sed p udor c noit system, c por - vil e ts o kc mixed
gnimraf dna nabru and per- nabru oitcudorp n syste .m vA e egar imaf ly is ze fo iad ry
udorp ec rs in yduts area saw 6. ±11 1.61 nosrep s per suoh e loh d. irojaM ty of the c tta le
nwo ed by ht e pmas led ho su e sdloh were c bssor r dee . The va e ar ge c bssor r dee lim k gni ca tt le
re ra ed ni the duts y ra ea saw 1. 6±45 2. rojaM ef ed re cruos es su ed by ht e h suo e sdloh erew
gus er cane lea ev s, enset le va e ;s ssarg hay, orc p re dis ues ( morf teff, ma ezi , rab ley dna
hw e ta ), c cno e artn tes, in lairtsud by- udorp cts. Some mraf e sr a osl used n no - c vno e noitn la
f ee d like atela, bo el na d las t. aV st bmun ers of the uoh se sdloh ni the s ut dy are sa ( 39 . )%7
niatbo ed the retaw morf pat . tsoM fo ht e uoh se oh l sd ( 67 2. %) su ed AI rof rb ee d gni arp cti ec
dna lno y few oh use dloh s’ su ed loc la lub l ( 32 8. %). The ojam r sid ease of ca ltt e di ent fi ied ni
ht e c ru re tn s idut ed areas saw sam t iti s (70 )% , Black leg ( 01 8. )% , ypmul sk ni (7.5 )% na d
ohrraid ea (5 )% . The a ev gar e liad y im lk yie sdl for ol c la c wo ni the evrus ey d are sa were
1. 37 lite sr dna rof c ssor br ee d 10. 88 l reti s. The va e gar e tnuoma fo mil c k o musn ed ta oh m ,e
orp dna dlos c sse ed ni duts eht y are saw a 2.68, 19 3 dna 12. . il 32 te sr resp ce tiv yle . The ad ri y
ram ek t gni system ide itn fied saw e itn rely rofni m la . O ev ar ll , p cir e fo da ri y c idommo t ei s
were lfni ue cn ed by c ram tah ek t, saf t gni ad ys, sid t na ec morf ht e am r ek t. T sih were re rop ted
ot eb a rojam af ctor t tah ibihorp ted fa mr ers morf sel gnil hw o el fresh klim ot abru n
c musno e sr dna lauq ity of riad y tcudorp s. riaD y udorp c noit s were c tsno r nia ed tsom ly by
f ee d ohs r egat , id seas ,e al kc fo xe te noisn su tropp dna roop k won le gd e ni amina l
ganam ement. L gra e hu nam noitalupop dna v re y hgih rate of inabru z noita , evorpmi d
ni c mo e ni mos e segm stne fo ht e os cie yt , the xe si ten ec fo v suoira ognon ev nr me atn l
noitazinagro ni volved ni riad y research dna deve mpol e tn ac ssor ht e fid ferent strap fo the
c tnuo ry si an ppo inutro ty ot c emo pu wi ht a os l noitu rof c lah le segn aht t c iartsno n ad ri y
udorp c oit n na d of r ol w u atp ke fo iad ry et c golonh ies in the c uo n .
EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF KOCHO FOR MAIZE ON FEED INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, AND BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF SHEEP FED RHODES GRASS HAY AS BASAL DIET
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2014) AMAN GETISO
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution of kocho for maize on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight gain of sheep supplemented Rhodes grass hay as basal diet. Twenty four yearling male Adilo lambs with initial body weights of 15.03 ±1.96 kg (mean ± SD) were used. Animals were grouped into six blocks of four animals, and fed with 74% maize + 25%noug cake + 1% salt (T1), 46.25% maize + 27.75% kocho + 25% noug cake + 1%slt (T2), 27.75% maize + 46.25% kocho + 25% noug cake + 1% salt (T3), and 74% kocho + 25%noug cake + 1% salt (T4). Rhodes grass hay was offered as a basal diet ad libitum. The supplements were offered at the rate of 300 g/d during the feeding and digestibility trials of 72 and 7 days, respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent and Metabolizable energy intake, dry matter and organic matter digestibility and weight gain among treatments. Lambs in T1 had the highest (P < 0.05) CP intake (49.03 g/d) followed by T2, T3 and T4 with 42.85, 39.35 and 33.50 g/d, respectively. Nitrogen intake was lowest (p<0.05) for sheep fed T4 and highest (P<0.05) for sheep fed T1, T2 and T3 diets which had comparable values among themselves. The highest (P<0.05) N retention was for T2 and the lowest (P<0.05) was for T1 and T4, while T3 had an intermediate value. The study conducted inferred that kocho can replace maize without any unfavorable effect on nutrient intake, digestibility and weight gain. It was concluded that kocho could be used as an alternative good energy source to replace maize in areas where its economic advantages are practicable.
QUALITY OF MEDICAL RECORDS IN PUBLIC HOSPITAL OF WOLAYTA ZONE, SOUTH ETHIOPIA: 2023 MIXED STUDY
(hawassa universty, 2023-11) MUHIDN JEMAL
Background – Medical record is a multifunctional document that is used to communicate and document critical information about patients’ medical care among health care professionals. Medical record completeness is a key performance indicator that is related with delivery of health care services in the hospital. Medical recording system has faced challenges related with resources and lack of infrastructure in worldwide trend. Studies have indicated that medical record systems are lacking medical record management quality in low income countries. Objective- To asses quality of medical records in public hospital of Wolaita zone, south Ethiopia, 2023 Methods- Institutional based cross-sectional study concurrently with qualitative study using stratified sampling method was conducted from March 1-15, 2023. A purposive criterion sampling method key interview method was used qualitative data. A total of 406 Medical records were reviewed at three public hospitals in Wolaiyta zone. Review of medical records was done using a checklist and key informant interviews of health professionals and medical record staff. The quantitative data were collected kobo toolkits and exported and analyzed by SPSS version 26.0.the qualitative data was collected analyzed manually by thematic analysis. Results. A total of 406 medical records were reviewed during data collection period of medical records of three public hospitals, with 100% retrieval rate. In the assessment of quality of medical record, clinical components were lowered (76%) compared to Administrative components (87%).Majority of the respondents said that|“… Since lack of regular monitoring and evaluation process, there was problem in quality of medical records in the hospital According to the expected national standard, the study also showed that average quality of medical records of the study area was 68%. Records tertiary hospitals were 44.5% less likely to be quality record as compared to records in primary hospitals Conclusion: The majority of medical records had poor completeness of administrative data, clinical, financial, and legal contents. The overall quality of medical records in Wolaita Zone was very low for components of the quality of medical records as per the standard of hospital requirements.