Hawassa University Institutional Repository
Access scholarly works, research publications, and theses from Hawassa University
0
Publications
0
Theses
0
Communities
1M+
Downloads
Browse Collections
Communities in HU Repository
Select a community to browse its collections.
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Agriculture.
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Business and Economics.
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Education
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Forestry and Natural Resources.
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Law and Governance.
Recent Additions
Recent Submissions
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIELD WATER APPLICATION ON FURROW IRRIGATION AT WONJI SHOA SUGAR ESTATE, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-17) TSIGE MOHAMMED AHMED
Furrow irrigation is dominantly used method of surface irrigation in the large sugar cane
irrigation projects in Ethiopia. This research was conducted to evaluate the performance
of furrow irrigation with SIRMOD software by two point method and evaluate current
performance of furrow irrigation system, identify the performance gaps and recommend
means of performance improvement at Wonji Shoa Irrigation Estate. Three fields were
selected according to soil type, furrow length and workability for measurement with field
code 15, 52,108 which had furrow length of 64 m, 48 m and 32 m which was practice in
the sugar estate. Different performance indicators were used to evaluate performance of
furrow irrigation they were application efficiency, storage efficiency, application
uniformity and deep percolation ratio. The estimated and simulation result obtained from
the average application efficiency of the three selected fields (15, 52, and 108) were
74.42%, 41.19% and 64.12% and 74.39%, 50.20% and 75.18% respectively. The storage
efficiency values for three selected fields were 100% for estimation and 99.11%, 99.67%
and 99.65% for simulation respectively. The estimation and simulation average
distribution uniformity of the three selected fields were 91.86%,90.78% and 89.86% and
92.44%,91.38% and 93.26% respectively and the deep percolation ratio for estimated and
simulation were 25.35%,58.81% and 35.88% and 25.35%, 49.48% and 24.5 respectively .
From the selected fields, filed 15 and 108 had better application efficiency with furrow
length 64 and 32 respectively than the filed 52 with furrow length 48 m and the field 52
had low application efficiency and high deep percolation ratio. The result obtained from
sensitivity analysis; discharge, cutoff time and length of furrow were highly sensitive to
application efficiency and deep percolation ratio, whereas the slope of furrow had no
effect on performance indicator in this study. The amount of water applied during
irrigation event were more than the irrigation water required which indicates that large
amount of water was being wasted due to poor irrigation water management practice.
From the result of this study, it can be concluded that there were over irrigation problems
SURVEY ON FUNGAL AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF STORED MAIZE (Zea mays) GRAINS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) MEMHIRU MEKISO MADEBO
Maize (Zea mays L.) is attacked by more than sixty diseases and a number of species of insect pests and microorganisms in the field as well as in the storage. Fungi are among the principal causes of deterioration and yield loss on farmers’ maize during the storage period. Among the storage fungal pathogens Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium are the most predominant species attacked maize grain and resulting in production of harmful products of Mycotoxins. The study was conducted at the Hawassa University College of Agriculture in plant pathology laboratory. The study was aimed to study effect of storage duration and storage type on fungal contamination and assessments of aflatoxin contamination of maize grains in southern Ethiopia . A total of 165 Maize grains samples were collected from different storage type and storage duration in southern Ethiopia, in 2019/2020. A total of seven fungal genera consisting of twenty one species of fungi were isolated from maize grain by using morphological characterstics; Fusarium spp. were most frequently isolated, followed by Aspergillus spp.The fungal contaminations of maize grains were significantly different (p<0.05) increased with storage periods. At the last six months of storage, the contamination of the Fungal isolates revealed that Fusarium spp had the highest contamination of 43.6% followed by Aspergillus spp, 28.6%, then Penicillium spp 5.27%, Alternaria spp 4.12%, Rhizopus spp 3.08%,Tricoderma spp 1.65% while the least contamination of 1.22%, was Cladosporium spp. The highest contamination of Fusarium spp (44.79%) and Aspergillus spp (24.98) were recorded in storage basket whereas the minimum contamination of Fusarium spp (35 %) and Aspergillus spp (15.5%) were obtained from plastic storage. As a result of this research, the Plastic container storage was determined to be more appropriate for protecting the stored maize grains from fungal attack during the storage periods and the stored grains have low fungal contamination until initial t o six months. Therefore, storage Basket, storage Crips, storage Sacks and Gombisa storages were inadequate for protecting stored maize from fungal attacks. Total aflatoxins has quantified from the maize samples collected from different maize growing areas in southern Ethiopia by using Enzyme Linked Immune Assay (ELISA) Kit. The result reveal that the mean 32(66.7%) of 48 maize grain sample were positive for aflatoxin contamination with levels of aflatoxin concentration ranging from 0.21-18.06µg/kg. The average aflatoxin concentrations detected in the present study were below the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the World Health Organization (WHO) maximum limit of total aflatoxin 20μg/kg. The EU has maximum limit of 4 μg kg−1 total aflatoxin in cereal for direct human consumption. Thus, most of the samples contaminated with aflatoxins in this study are not suitable for human consumption by the EU standards.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RUN OF THE RIVER HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL AT THE DOWN STREAM OF KOKA DAM AND FORECASTING THE LEVEL OF FLOODING AT SELECTED SITE (CASE STUDY OF AWASH RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA)
(Hawassa University, 2023-10-26) ASHENAFI AYZA ASELE
Energy demand is increasing exponentially. This is because of rapid population growth,
urbanization, the higher standards of living, industrial and agricultural expansion.
Nevertheless, the available energy supply is not reliable due to sedimentation problem. So, it
is advisable to use the nearby available natural resources (i.e. river and suitable topography)
for potential assessments without adverse effect to cope with increasing and diversified
energy demands. This study aims to investigate the assessment of river run of hydropower
potential at 50km downstream of Koka Dam. To achieve the goal, Stream flow data were
collected from 1991-2016 and height information was quantified from contour map and 3D
spatial analyst tool in ArcGIS. Initially, the study was identified three possible potential sites
and from these sites; site one was selected as the most prioritized site using MCDA method.
The study included the Flood level forecasting at mostly prioritized site for further precaution
using HEC-GeoRAS for preprocessing of geometric data and HEC-RAS for post processing
of hydraulic modeling. Following the aforementioned model, methods and data the study
computed the theoretical power at site one was (8981kw and 4197kw), technical power was
(6960kw and 3253kw) and the annual energy output was (60.9GWh/year and 28GWh/year)
are the maximum and minimum power at Q30 and Q95 respectively. The most preferred site
had dependable flow of 19.71m3/s and is occur 95% of the year and the design flow was
42.17m3/s and is occur 30% of the year. The flood inundation area and the maximum flood
depth at mostly prioritized river station 1100 where the study starts head measurement (i.e.
upstream full reservoir level) and around 1km upstream of R.S. 1100 (i.e. at R.S.2050) were
(145.79m
2
, 4.96m) and (204.09m
2
, 5.62m) respectively for 100 year return period. The
validation of spatial information for site one tested were 0.71 for RMSE and hydraulic model
performance for R.S.1100 and R.S.2050 were (0.7, -8.29 and 0.97) and (0.83, 5.92 and 0.96)
for ENS, PBIAS and R for return period of 100 year and show the applicability of the model
was good. To encapsulate we can get the site at 50km downstream of Koka Dam that have
the capacity to produce annual energy of 60.9GWh/year. Consequently, it is possible to
minimize the problem of highly increased and diversified electric demands at the target area.
Hence, it is recommended that the government at national as well as local level or any other
agency should look over it in detail and finding to implement thorough investigation of the
area
INVESTIGATION OF ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF TRADITIONAL BOTANICAL PESTICIDES COLLECTED FROM SIDAMA AREA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) Getachew Binchamo Anno
Indigenous knowledge and systems of crop protection are at risk of extinction today because of the rapidly changing natural environments and cultural shifts at global scale. Many traditional pest control practices are disappearing because of introduction of foreign technologies like synthetic pesticides that assure short-term solutions to the problems. The aim of the present study was therefore, to identify the potential of botanical used by farmers in Sidama region, and investigate their antimicrobial activities against some plant pathogens. Information on traditional botanicals pesticides used for crop pests control was collected through observation, key informant interview, questionnaire, and group discussions. The antimicrobial activities of the common botanicals in the study area were investigated using filter paper disc and agar well diffusion method following standard procedure. The bioactive compounds from leaves of 16 botanicals were extracted with 95% ethanol, and the phytochemical tests were conducted. The result revealed that farmers in the study area have different ethnobotanical experience in their neighbourhood. Various plants belonging to different families were valued for pesticide activities. The botanically-derived pesticides were perceived to be affordable, effective, available, safe and dependable. However, estimating the proportion/ concentration of botanicals to be used for pest control where mentioned as a critical challenge. The ethanolic extract of Cordia africana (18.30mm) showed the maximum inhibition zone against Fusarium vertecelloides while the minimum antibacterial activity was observed by Eucalyptus globules extract (9.43mm) against Ralstonia solanacearum as compared with other botanicals included in the current work. Our investigation showed that the botanicals contain phenols, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. The present work revealed that botanicals in the study area have potential to be used for crop pest control. In order to exploit this potential; standardized techniques of preparation, bio-safety and environmental guidelines are required.
EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT ON THE YIELD RESPONSES OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN MIZAN-AMAN SOUTHWEST, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-26) AMBACHEW ASNAKE MULUNEH
Deficit irrigation consists in deliberately applying irrigation depths smaller than those
required to satisfy the crop water requirements, thus affecting evapotranspiration and
yields, but keeping a positive return from the irrigated crop. Deficit irrigation with low
cost drip irrigation system is likely to be widely adopted by small-scale farmers to apply
irrigation water efficiently and economically. This experiment was conducted at Mizan Aman Southwest, Ethiopia to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on water use
efficiency and yield response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drip
irrigation system. Five level of irrigation water application were used as treatments in
randomized complete block design with three replications. The first treatment T1 was
100% irrigation water application which was used as a control. The second, third, fourth
and fifth treatments were given 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% irrigation water application
respectively, as deficit irrigation treatments. Deficit irrigation practice was applied after
the first growth stage and continued for the whole growth season. Data were collected on
agronomic parameters, days to 50% emergence, days to 100% ground cover, days to 50%
flowering, number of nodules per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height,
number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and hundred seed weight to evaluate
the effects of deficit irrigation water on yield, yield components and productivity of
common bean; level of significance of P ≤ 0.05. The result showed that the highest yield
was found under T1 (3.49 ton/ha). Applying 80% irrigation water application (T2), lead to
saved 17.60% of the irrigation water and reduced the total yield by 10.13%,; applying 60
% irrigation water application (T3) lead to saved 35.21% of the irrigation water and
reduced the total yield by 12.59%; applying 40 % irrigation water application (T4) lead to
saved 52.81% of the irrigation water and reduced the total yield by 49.37% whereas
applying 20% irrigation water application (T5) lead to saved 70.42% of the irrigation
water which produced 31.58% of the total yield. The result showed that applying deficit
irrigation water up to 40% (i.e. greater than 60% irrigation water application) during the
growing season except first growth stage has no significant effect on productivity of
common bean production but applying deficit irrigation water greater than this percent
considerably reduced its productivity. Furthermore, it is recommended that these results
are from only one season at one site; thus, such studies require to be repeated in space and
time to put the recommendation on strong basis