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ACCEPTABILITY OF HUMAN MILK BANKS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS WHO ARE VISITING PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS FOR CHILD IMMUNIZATION IN HAWASSA CITY, SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2023: A MIXED METHOD.
(hawassa university, 2023-11) ANTENEH BENTI NEGEWO
Background: Human milk banking is the process by which breast milk is collected, screened and pasteurized for the use to infants especially for premature and low birth weight neonates in health facilities or mothers who cannot breastfeed. This study was planned to discover acceptance of donor breast milk banking and its associated factors among breastfeeding mothers in Hawassa city public health centers, Sidama region, Ethiopia. Objective: To assess acceptance and identify its predictors towards human milk banks among breastfeeding mothers who come for immunization to public health centers in Hawassa city, Sidama region, Ethiopia in 2023. Methods: A mixed method was conducted between March 21 and 2023 to April 30 and 2023 among breastfeeding mothers who come for immunization to public health centers in Hawassa. Data were collected through Interviews and Focus group discussion (FGD). Multi stage (two stage sampling) sampling was conducted. The data were collected by using kobo toolbox and collected data were downloaded into Microsoft excel and then exported into SPSS version 26 for analysis. n=316. Results: - With regards to accepting breast milk donation or banking and willingness to use donated milk for feeding infants 32.0% had good perception towards breast milk donation/willingness for donation, while 68.0% had poor perception and 32.0% had good perception towards donated breast milk/willingness to accept but 68.0% had poor perception. But the only difference is by their reasons. Conclusions and Recommendations: - This study showed that the acceptance of breast milk donation for banking and its use for feeding infants was very low, due to lack of information and misconceptions about the safety of breast milk, along with religious reservations. Therefore, before the initiation of donor milk banking services, a program should be designed to create awareness about donor milk banking among donors and recipients and views of health professionals and policy makers should be collected as they are the immediate stakeholders for the implementation of human milk banking service.
WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF 80% METHANOL EXTRACT AND SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF PLECTRANTHUS CYLINDRACEUS HOECHST. EX. BENTH LEAVES IN MICE
(hawassa university, 2024-11) EMEBET NIGATU BIRHANU
Background: The leaves of Plectranthus cylindraceus are traditionally used to treat wounds. Even though, there have been claims supporting wound healing effect, there are no scientific data on wound healing activities of the leaves of Plectranthus cylindraceus. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate wound healing activity of 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of Plectranthus cylindraceus in mice. Method: The leaves of Plectranthus cylindraceus were dried, ground and macerated with 80% methanol three times successively. The crude extract was fractioned by water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane, separately. Acute dermal toxicity tests were done by applying 2000 mg/kg of 10% (w/w) crude extract ointment. The wound healing activity of the crude extract was evaluated on excision and incision wound models. While, the fractions were evaluated on the excision wound model. The evaluation consisted of assessing the wound contraction rate, epithelialization period and histopathological analysis compared to simple ointment negative control. One-way ANOVA followed by the post-hoc Tukey test was conducted using IBM SPSS software version 27.0 for data analysis, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Acute dermal toxicity test result showed that topical application of 2000 mg/kg of 10%(w/w) crude extract ointment (CEO) of P.cylindraceus did show any sign of toxicity and hence considered safe. Both the 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) crude extract ointment exerted significant(p < 0.001) wound contraction from day 4 onwards compared to the simple ointment (SO) and resulted in reduced periods of epithelialization. The crude extract ointment treated mice exhibited a significantly increased tensile strength (p< 0.001) compared to untreated and negative control groups. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the crude extract also demonstrated significant improvement in wound contraction and epithelialization time reduction on the excision wound model compared to the negative control group. The aqueous fraction demonstrated better activity compared to others. Conclusion: The positive results of the study, which include the advancement of wound contraction, reduction in the period of epithelialization, and improvement of tensile strength, validate the traditional use of Plectranthus cylindraceus for wound healing.
ASSESSMENT OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN VISITING ASSELA REFERRAL HOSPITAL
(hawassa university, 2024-11) TILAHUN ENDALE
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and undernutrition in under-five children are of significant public health concern in low- and middle-income countries and contribute significantly to childhood morbidity and disability. Unfortunately, under-five children are more susceptible to infection. However, information is scarce in the study area. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between intestinal parasites and the anthropometric status of outpatients under five children in Assela referral hospital, east Arsi zone, Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross sectional study was conducted at Assela referral hospital from February 15 to March 15, 2024. Stool samples were collected from 227 children and examined using direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Children's weight, height, and Z scores were measured using a digital balance scale and a wooden board, with mothers or caregivers deducted from weight. The data were entered into Excel and analyzed using WHO-Anthro Plus software version v3.2.2 and SPSS v24 statistical software, respectively. An AOR analysis was done to test the association between intestinal parasites and nutritional status. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting was 38 (16.7%), 64 (28.2%), and 59 (26%), respectively. The total prevalence of parasitosis was 19.4% of children infected with at least one type of intestinal parasite. The most common intestinal parasitic infections detected in the study were E. histolytica (8.4%), E.Vermicularis (4.4%), and Giardia lamblia (3.5%). Residence (P: <0.001), deworming (P: 0.009), toilet (P: 0.034), and others like: fingernail cleanness, water source and parental education levels were the predictor variables for the prevalence of IPIs. Protozoan parasites are the most common cause of disease in under-five children in the area. Public health interventions for intestinal parasitic infections include targeted deworming programs, health education campaigns, sanitation improvements, routine screening, nutritional support, community-based interventions, and comprehensive health policies
TRENDS, PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA INFECTION IN DALE DISTRICTS OF SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA
(hawassa university, 2024-05) TIGIST YONAS
Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The bulk of global malaria burden is in Sub Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. Despite global efforts to combat malaria, the disease's prevalence and transmission dynamics vary across regions, influenced by socio-economic, environmental, and climatic factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence, trends, and associated risk factors of malaria infection in the Dale Districts of the Sidama Region, Ethiopia. By examining both previous prevalence data from 2018 to 2022 and assessing active malaria cases in 2023, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of malaria dynamics in the region. Data on malaria trends over five years were obtained from the malaria laboratory registry books of local health facilities. For active malaria cases, a cross-sectional survey was conducted involving adults with febrile symptoms from selected villages. The study employed both microscopic blood analysis and structured questionnaires to assess malaria prevalence and respondents' knowledge of the disease.The finding of this study indicate that, from 2018 to 2022, a total of 129,613 suspected malaria cases were recorded, with 15,030 testing positive, yielding an overall positivity rate of 11.60%. Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant parasite, accounting for 76.80% of cases. Gender analysis revealed higher incidence rates among males (54.76%), while age-specific analysis showed the highest incidence in young adults aged 15-29 years which is (24.76%). Seasonal trends indicated a peak in malaria cases between September and November. Statistical analysis using Negative Binomial regression highlighted significant factors influencing malaria prevalence, including seasonality and age. For the cross sectional study the, prevalence of malaria among 381 respondents, females exhibited higher malaria prevalence (16.38%) compared to males (9.51%). The highest prevalence was observed in individuals over 50 years old (22.00%). Logistic regression identified significant associations with the use of mosquito nets, anti-malaria spraying, and the presence of stagnant water in the surrounding . In the study area both plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax co-exist with the dominance of Plasmodium falciparu, in malaria cases underscores the need for targeted interventions against this species. The findings recommend targeted interventions focusing on high-risk groups, enhanced healthcare access, and community engagements are crucial for effective malaria control in the Dale Districts.
The prevalence and associated risk factors of Intestinal Schistosomiasis in school age children at Dura (May Nigus) irrigational dam, Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia
(hawassa university, 2024-10) TEKLAY ABRHA YANSHET
A water-borne parasitic disease Schistosomiasis, caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma, continues to be a major public health issue in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa, including Northern Ethiopia's Tigray region. This study investigates the prevalence of S. mansoni and associated risk factors in the irrigational dams in Dura (May Nigus). A school age child-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Debrebrhan secondary and Dura elementary schools in the central Tigray region. Two hundred four schoolchildren aged from seven to twenty-one years were randomly selected to provide stool specimens for Schistosoma infection examination by Kato-Katz techniques. Of the 204 randomly selected students, 190(93.14%) passed the stool collection for stool specimen examination, and 24 (12.6%) were found positive for Schistosoma mansoni. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was significantly associated with (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOD)); for irrigation practice; 13.21, 95% CI (2.35, 74.20); p=0.003, for fetching water 14.52, 95% CI (2.82, 74.7); p=0.001, for washing clothes 6.4, 95% CI, (1.14, 35.4); p=0.035 respectively. Meaning thy are individually associated with S. mansoni presence. According to the retrospective data even-though there is decreasing intestinal case examination in St. Merry Hospital Axum for the past ten years the total prevalence(trend) for Schistosoma mansoni shows increasing from year to year with slight fluctuation in different age groups and genders. The most prevalent were in males among the age 10 to 25 years old. Based on the prevalence result for Schistosoma mansoni, now is the critical time to take controlling measurement and treatment in the community with a full campaign for elimination. A treatment of all school-age children once every two years is recommended with Snail control and non-specific control approaches, including the provision of clean water supply and health education, should also complement to the mass drug administration of praziquantel