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EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARIETIES AT MESKAN, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2019) MESERET SHIFA
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are an important cash crop and protein source for farmers in many parts of Ethiopia. However, lacks of adequate information on the use of nitrogen source fertilizers are the major yield limiting factors for common bean production in the study area. Thus, the field experiment was conducted at Meskan District in 2018 cropping season to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources on growth, yield and yield components of common bean varieties; and to identify economically appropriate combination of nitrogen sources that give optimum yield of major common bean varieties. Factors studied includes four common bean varieties (Hawassa Dume, Gegeba, Rori and Ibado) and four level of N sources (T1= Control; T2=Rhizobium inoculated; T3=46 kg N ha -1 , T4= 46 kg N ha -1 + Rhizobium inoculated). The treatments were arranged using randomized complete block design in factorial arrangements with three replications. Results revealed varietal differences on growth, yield and yield components. The highest pod number plant -1 (29.1), seed number pod -1 (5.6) and grain yield (2.7 t ha -1 ) were recorded from variety Hawassa Dume. Similarly, nitrogen sources had significant effect on growth, yield and yield components. Significantly, higher number of pods plant -1 (27.5), seeds pod -1 (5.6), and grain yield (2.7 t ha -1 ) were recorded from combined application of Rhizobium inoculation+46kg N ha -1 . There was significant interaction effect of N sources with varieties on nodule number, root dry weight and straw yield, where by the highest nodule number plant -1 (40), root dry weight (11.6 ) and straw yield (4.5 t ha -1 ) were recorded from combined application of Rhizobium strain HB-429 and 46 kg N ha -1 with variety Hawassa Dume except number of nodule plant -1 . Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with phenological, growth, nodulation, yield and yield components except maturity date. Partial budget analysis of the study revealed that the highest net return (32,748 ETB ha -1 ) was obtained from Hawassa Dume variety with combined application of inoculation and 46 kg N ha -1 . Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that combined application of Rhizobium inoculation with 46 kg N ha -1 found to be appropriate for common bean variety Hawassa Dume in the study area. However, the result of the present study need to be evaluated and reconfirmed on farmers field across season and areas in order to reach to a conclusive recommendation.
EFFECTS OF SEEDLING AGE AND VARYING RATES OF PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) UNDER IRRIGATION IN ALAGE DISTRICT, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2017) TILAYE ANBES WASIE
Onion is an important cultivated crop used as a condiment as well as a source of income for many farmers in Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is constrained by a number of factors among which inappropriate transplanting age and poor fertilizer management practices are important factors. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education and Training College (Alage) campus, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, during 2016/17 season to determine the effect of seedling age and phosphorus rate on growth and yield performance of onion. The treatments comprised of three seedling ages (6, 7 and 8 weeks of seedling age) and four phosphorus rates (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg ha -1 ). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The result showed that seedling age and phosphorus rate significantly affected plant height, leaf length, days to maturity, fresh bulb weight, bulb dry matter fraction, bulb length, marketable bulb yield, total bulb yield, harvest index, medium and large sized bulb yield. Among these parameters, marketable bulb yield, total bulb yield and harvest index were also significantly affected by the interaction of seedling age and phosphorus rate. On the other hand, leaf number per plant, bulb diameter, bulb dry weight, total biomass yield, small bulb sized yield, under sized bulb yield and unmarketable bulb yield were only influenced by the main effect of phosphorus rate. In this study result, transplanting at 8 weeks of seedling age fertilized with 138 kg P 2O5 ha -1 recorded the highest total bulb yield (50.6 t ha -1 ) and marketable bulb yield (48.33 t ha -1 ), but no significant difference was showed with that obtained at 92 kg P 2O5 ha -1 with the same seedling age. Treatment combinations of seedling age at 6 weeks and no P (control) produced the lowest amounts of total bulb yield (24.27 t ha -1 ) and marketable bulb yield (21.63 t ha -1 ). The partial budget analysis revealed that the highest net benefit with low cost of production was obtained in response to the application of 92 kg P2O5 ha -1 and the transplanting age of 8 weeks. The marginal rate of return for this treatment was 5657% which is found to be economically feasible for producing onion in the study area.
BI-DIRECTIONAL NEURAL MACHINE TRANSLATION FOR
(Hawassa Unversity, 2023-07-07) ANDU ALEMAYEHU
Machine translation is one of the Natural Language Processing applications, which enables the
translation of text from one natural language to another. This study aimed to design and develop a
bidirectional English-Sidaamu Afoo neural machine translation system, as the need system has
become increasingly important due to the growing number of language users, it needs to increase
its presence on the web, For effective communication and information sharing, translation of
various official documents, news articles, and other written texts in both languages is necessary
and last to need integrating the other high-level NLP tools, but no prior solution in this area.
Recently, Neural Machine Translation has emerged as a promising approach to machine
translation, delivering state-of-the-art translation quality. Unlike traditional machine translation
methods, NMT uses a single neural network that can be continuously fine-tuned to improve
translation performance. This study aimed to develop a bidirectional Sidaamu Afoo-English
machine translation system using deep learning techniques, specifically LSTM and Transformer
models. In an attempt to do this study, due to un availability of parallel data for machine translation,
we opted to collect parallel data from a religious domain, specifically from Bible and Sidaamu
Afoo conversation. After gathering the data, experiments were conducted using 15,000 parallel
sentences from different domains. To determine the optimal model, the efficiency in terms of
training time, memory usage, and BLEU score was evaluated. The results showed that the
Transformer model yielded the best results, with a BLEU score of 0.413 for Sidaamu Afoo to
English translation and 0.465 for English to Sidaamu Afoo translation. Future work to enhance the
performance of the system could include further research and the addition of more clean data and
larger corpus sizes.
GROWTH, SYMBIOTIC AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) VARIETIES IN RESPONSE TO Bradyrhizobium INOCULATION AND PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION AT ASSOSA, WESTERN ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2017) TESFAYE TEKOLA SEIFU
This research was conducted during 2016 main cropping season on field at Assosa, in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State with the objectives of investigating growth, symbiotic and yield performance of three soybean (Glycine max L.) varieties in response to Bradyrhizobium inoculation and P fertilizer application. The treatments studied included three P levels (0, 10 and 20 kg P ha -1 ), two inoculation levels (uninoculated and inoculated with Bradrhizobium strain; MAR-1495) and three soybean varieties (Gizo,Belessa-95 and Local) in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement using three replications. The results revealed that Bradyrhizobium inoculation with MAR-1495 significantly (P<0.01) increased most of the parameters studied as compared to the control. Inoculation with strain MAR-1495 significantly (P < 0.01) increased nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, grain yield, and above ground total biomass as compared to the control. Application of P at 20 and10 kg ha -1 significantly increased nodule number, nodule dry weight, and root dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf area, above ground total biomass and grain yield. There was significantly (P < 0.01) cultivars effect for most of studied parameters; Belessa-95 variety had better responded on nodule number, nodule dry weigh, grain yield and above ground total biomass as compared to Gizo and Local varieties. The highest grain yield was recorded from Belessa-95 variety 3.29 ton ha -1 from combined application of 20 kg P and Bradyrhizobium inoculation. Nodule number plant -1 was positively and significantly correlated with most of growth parameters, yield and yield components. It could, thus, be deduced that use of MAR-1495 Bradyrhizobium strain and Belessa-95 variety with application of 20 kg P markedly increased the productivity of the crop at Assosa area, however economic analysis revealed that the highest net return was obtained from application of 10 kg P and Bradyrhizobium inoculation with strain MAR-1495. The use of MAR-1495 strain and Belessa-95 variety with application P at 10 kg ha -1 could be recommended, but verification of the results on different farmers’ field could be required before wide use of this study.
EFFECT OF INTRA-ROW SPACING ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) VARIETIES AT MIZAN-AMAN, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2016) DIRO BUZAYO TOLESSA
Onion is among the most important vegetable crops produced in Mizan-Aman for home consumption and as income sources. However, lack of site based varieties and inappropriate planting density have been the major bottlenecks of onion production and productivity in the area, since there are no recommended spacing and variety for that area specifically. Rather farmers use to practice non-uniform plant spacing. This study was thus conducted at Mizan ATVET College in 2015/2016 with the objective of investigating the effect of intra-row spacing on growth performance and yield components of onion varieties. Three varieties (Adama Red, Bombay Red and Melkam) were evaluated under four different intra-row spacings (6, 10, 14 and 18 cm) and constant inter-row spacing of 20 cm by using randomized complete block design replicated three times. Data on days to maturity, growth performance and yield were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS version-9 software. Results of the study indicated that, intra-row spacing and variety had significant effect on plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf length, days to maturity, bulb diameter and length, bulb dry matter, total bulb yield as well as, marketable and unmarketable bulb yield. Closer intra-row spacings enhanced early maturity, while wider spacing delayed maturity. The maximum plant height, leaf length and leaf number were recorded in 10 cm intra-row spacing. Bombay Red variety was early maturing with the highest mean value for growth and yield parameters. It had the highest total bulb and marketable bulb yield than Melkam and Adama Red onion varieties specially when planted at 10 cm intra-row spacing. Bombay Red with 10 cm intra-row spacing also gave highest total bulb and marketable bulb yield. The correlation values also confirmed the significant and positive association between growth parameters and bulb yield. Based on the result of this study, higher onion yield with better quality was attained when Bombay Red variety was planted with 10 cm intra-row spacing under Mizan-Aman condition, for recommendation, although additional verification trial is needed to substantiate the result.