Hawassa University Institutional Repository
Access scholarly works, research publications, and theses from Hawassa University
0
Publications
0
Theses
0
Communities
1M+
Downloads
Browse Collections
Communities in HU Repository
Select a community to browse its collections.
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Agriculture.
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Business and Economics.
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Education
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Forestry and Natural Resources.
- Academic and research outputs of the College of Law and Governance.
Recent Additions
Recent Submissions
EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION LEVELS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) IN BENA TSEMAY WOREDA, SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University, 2022-07-21) MEDHIN MADEBO MADA
Scarcity of water is one of the major constraints for the development of agriculture in arid and
semi-arid regions. Hence, the effective use of available water by deficit irrigation is an
alternative means to alleviate the problem and optimize the water productivity of crop in the
region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation levels
applied on yield, yield components and water productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.).
The field experiment was carried out at Bena Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. The
experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six irrigation treatments
and three replications. The treatments were five water deficit irrigation levels (85%ETc,
75%ETc, 65%ETc, 55%ETc and 45%ETc) and full (100%ETc) as a control treatment. The
result of analysis of variance showed that the different deficit irrigation levels applied had
statistically significant (p < 0.01) effect on yield and yield component of sesame. Significant
delay in flowering and maturity was observed as the water deficit level increased. The highest
plant height, number of branch per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per
capsule, 1000-seed weight, aboveground biomass, harvest index and straw yield were
observed under control treatment (100%ETc), while the lowest observed in 45%ETc treatment
respectively. The maximum grain yield (2164.56 kg/ha) was observed under control
(100%ETc), while the minimum (1377.37 kg/ha) was obtained from 45%ETc treatment level.
From the mean result of grain yield it was observed that control treatment (100%ETc)
significantly different from all treatments except treatment under 85%ETc. The highest water
productivity (0.55kg/m3
) was observed under 45%ETc, while the lowest (0.39 kg/m3
) was at
control treatment. From the result of study it was observed that the obtained yield response
factor (Ky) was less than unity (Ky < 1), this indicates that sesame is tolerant to water stress.
From the result of study it was observed that deficit irrigation under 75%ETc resulted in
significant water saving and improved water productivity with insignificant yield reduction;
therefore, sesame could be irrigated at 75%ETc in region with limited water resource
condition
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS OF ALETA-CHUKO TOWN
(Hawassa University, 2022-08-12) MEBIRATU MENGISTU
As the process of urbanization accelerates, drains become increasingly overloaded and unable
to cope with heavy rainfall. The main objective of this study was to assess the performance of the
urban drainage system in Aleta-Chuko Town. Both primary and secondary data were collected
by field survey, Resident community, agency, Municipal administration, books, and articles.
Rainfall data were used from Ethiopian Meteorology Agency from 1991 to 2019 (30 years) data.
To develop the Intensity Duration Frequency curve (IDF) the rainfall intensities for the different
duration were selected as the best-fit probability distribution based on Easyfit professional 5.6
software and correlation coefficient. From the analysis result, log-Pearson Type III was the best
fit probability distribution for this study area as confirmed goodness of fit tests statistics for
different return periods. Considering the current land use, rainfall intensity, and catchment area,
the peak discharge was estimated using the rational formula. The adequacy of the existing
drainage systems were checked by comparing the estimated runoff with the existing drainage
capacity . The Stormwater Management Model (SWMM 5.1) was applied to simulate the water
level in the links and junctions by considering the current land use condition.The model allows
the catchment area to be subdivided into sub-catchments. For this study area is subdivided into
32 sub-catchments. From model simulation result’s a number of the existing drainage lines are
undersized, and therefore not able to handle the required capacity of a 10-year storm
occurrence. Typical flooding during the rainy season sub-catchments are: S-C-02, S-C-03, S-C-
13, S-C-14, S-C-27, S-C-28, S-C-30, and S-C-31. The storm overtops the drainage system. In
another hand, some stormwater drainage systems were oversized. Based on the GTZ standard,
For instance total drains about 37.93% is severely degraded, and 24.2% is light around existing
market and Aleta- Chuko Primary Hospital. Finally, lack of community awareness, drainage
systems are not well connected,and improper construction alignment problem for the existing
system were investigated, and to avoid this problem creating awareness for the community,
repair degraided channel either fully or partially, providing drainage channels without drainage
system’s, periodic cleaning and modification of slope is recommended
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SURFACE WATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY: A CASE STUDY IN WELMEL WATERSHED,GANALE-DAWA BASIN, SOUTH ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University, 2018-10-27) BERECHA DINSA CHAKA
Climate change, nowadays, has significant impact on the water resource system of an
area. This study was conducted for Welmel watershed, Ganale-Dawa river basin, Ethiopia,
using Soil and Water Analysis Tool(SWAT) hydrological model and General Circulation
Model (GCM) aiming at estimating the impact of climate change on water availability of
the study area. By making proper calibration, precipitation and temperature outputs of
HadCM3 coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM model for A2a (medium to high) and B2a
(Medium to low) SRES emission scenarios were downscaled using the Statistical Downscaling
Model (SDSM). The downscaled minimum temperature shows an increasing trend in all future
time horizons for both A2 and B2 scenarios. The average annual minimum temperature will be
0.30
C change from baseline in 2020s (2014-2041).In2050s (2042-2069) of minimum
temperature will be 0.65o
C and also 0.63o
C for A2 and B 2 scenario respectively. For the 2080s
(2070-2099) periods the average annual minimum temperature will be increased by 1.3o
C and
1.03o
C for A2 and B2 scenario respectively.
The downscaled maximum temperature scenario, on the other hand indicates that for most
months there will be an increasing trend for both A2 and B2 scenario. The projected temperature
in 2020s indicates that maximum temperature will rise by 0.232o
C. In 2050s the increment will
be 0.527o
C and 0.53o
C for A2 and B2 scenario respectively. The future precipitation of the
study area is expected to annual average increase by 11.90% for A2a and 11.67% for
B2aemission scenarios. The actual evapotranspiration will also increase by 3.64% for A2a and
3.75% for B2a respectively.
The results obtained from this investigation indicate that there is significant variation in the
seasonal and monthly flow. In the main rainy season (June-September) the runoff will be
reduced by 12% in the 2080s. The result from synthetic (incremental) scenario also indicates that
the catchment is sensitive to climate change. As much as 23% of the seasonal and annual runoff
will be reduced if an increment of 2o
C in temperature.
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON STREAMFLOW UNDER CMIP6 CLIMATE PROJECTION IN THE UPPER OMO GIBE RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University, 2023-03-25) LEMLEM GETNET MOLA
Climate Change is projected to have an impact on future streamflow in various watersheds.
This study examined the impacts of climate change on streamflow in the Upper Omo River
Basin using a Soil and Water Analysis Tool (SWAT). Projected climate variables
(precipitation and temperature) ensemble of 5 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) were
obtained from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), downscaled by the
SDSM4.2 model and applied under the Shared Socioeconomic concentration pathways
(SSP2-4.5) and (SSP5-8.5) scenarios. The downscaled SSPs data cannot be directly used to
the hydrological model (SWAT) to simulate flow so, Distribution Mapping bias correction
method was selected for this study. SWAT was calibrated and validated before it was used
for simulation purpose. The performance measures R2
and NSE for calibration (2000-2013)
and validation (2014-2019) were 0.79 and 0.71 and 0.86 and 0.85 respectively. Mann Kendall (MK) trend testing was used to determine if a change is statistically significant and
to detect trends in temperature and precipitation. According to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the
emission scenarios predicted significant increasing temperature, but significant decreasing
precipitation. Streamflow was simulated for two consecutive periods from 2020 to 2045 and
from 2046 to 2071 for both scenarios and compared with the base period from 2000 to 2019
to explore the impact of climate change on Streamflow. The results indicated that the basin
is likely to experience increased temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, whereas
overall annual flow was projected to be significantly decreasing under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-
8.5 emission scenarios in the mid and near future. These changes are likely to have major
implications for water resources management in the region, particularly for agriculture,
hydropower generation, and ecosystem services. The findings suggest the need for adaptive
measures to address these impacts, including improved water management strategies and
increased investment in climate-resilient infrastructure.
D N F T A SROTC DNA Q AU L OP FO YTI T ELBA WA LPPUS RET Y INAS DNA T OITA N NOITIDNOC IN R U O SAERA LAR F A L HC ATE U OK W RO E IS ,AD D NOZ AMA E R
(Hawassa University, 2018-10-12) ELEF L LE A O
P retaw ylppus and noitatinas secivres a er cisab riuqer e stnem rof a .yteicos detimiL acc sse
detaicossa htiw roop w reta ,ylppus noitatinas dna neigyh e ma ek the c ytinummo ot d dnepe no
efasnu dna roop retaw c noitpmusno dna eseht ca gnill rof eht oisnapxe n a dn evorpmi m tne fo isab c
retaw ylppus dna tinas ta noi .secivres sihT yduts saw detcudnoc ni atelA okuhC W ,adero rehtuoS n
aipoihtE ot enimaxe de tnanimret srotcaf dna ytilauq fo elbatop retaw ylppus dna noitatinas
noitidnoc . roF siht ,yduts ruof lebeK e imda ni snoitarts erew etceles d yb visoprup e gnilpmas
euqinhcet dna 31 0 uoh s sdlohe erew lmodnar y s detcele rof amirp ry ad ta secruos A latot fo 33
retaw selpmas erew t ka ne dna e denimax of r ph ocisy -ch lacime dna bact lacigoloire sretemarap .
ehT atad morf eht stnednopser erew zylana ed gnisu evitpircsed dna laitnerefni itats s acit l
.euqinhcet ylgnidroccA , itlum elp l raeni noisserger sledom erew ppa l dei ot yfitnedi rotcaf s
gnicneulfni eht HH retaw oc v ,egare eno aw y AVONA saw eyolpme d ot ees eht lacitsitats
ereffid ecn fo eht airav b sel ta %5 tnacifingis level dna noitalerroc saw osla desu ot vresbo e
snoitaicossa fo elbairav s. ehT sgnidnif delaever taht eht rojam smelborp r gnidrage gniknird etaw r
wol :erew co garev e (47%), titnauq wol y(av gare e 85.6 sertil ) noitpmusnoc p atipac re lla tsomla dna
stnediser ekat ssel naht 20 sertil fo elbatop retaw dna gnol gnihctef emit (a egarev 57.25 etunim s).
tI saw resbo v de ,taht HH retaw oc v egare is decneulfni by ylimaf zis e (p 0= . 00 ), ytilanoitcnuf fo ht e
semehcs 10.0=p( 4), mit e eriuqer d ot hctef retaw (p 0.0= 0) dna natsid ce to eht ehcs m se (p 0.0= 1)
saw dnuof ot eb itats sti yllac .tnacifingis ehT tluser fo retaw uq la i yt tset delaever taht rof la l
detceles ph ocisy - imehc c la sretemarap cus h sa Hp (ex tpec nah d gud lew l ta alakaM ek b le e), CE ,
ruT ytidib (ex tpec dnah gud llew at ofuR ohcnahC lebek e) dna orI n(except dnah gud llew at ruG e
lebek e ,) artiN ,HT ,SDT t engaM ,ediroulF ,norI,e s uos ta edirolhC dna mui r o tniop dna egarots ,ec f
esu erew dnuof ihtiw n eht elbatpecca timil of SE dna WH .O woH e ,rev t eh naem eulav fo
erutarepmeT dna ohP s etahp erew be dnoy ht e mocer m dedne SE and W OH .sdradnats ehT
yrotarobal tluser fo ab c lacigoloiret retaw ilauq ty rof lla delpmas setis xe c edee d ot eht ES na d
WHO .sdradnats ehT av l eu fo erutarepmet d erce a es yltnacifingis morf aw t re ecruos ot H H garots e
(p 00.0= 2). woH e ,rev rehto sretemarap dewohs on tnacifingis egnahc rf om ecruos ot .egarots ehT
esu fo tniop ot ecruos ylppus morf yltnacifingis sesaercni mrofiloc latot fo noitartnecnoc ( 0.0=p 42 )