Browsing by Author "TAJURA USMAN"

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    PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN COW’S MILK AND COW’S FEED “ATELLA” SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM ARSI NEGELLE TOWN, OROMIA REGION; ETHIOPIA.
    (Hawassa University, 2024-11) TAJURA USMAN
    Arsi Negele, also known as NegeleArsi, is primarily known for its production of Areki,a traditional alcoholic beverage, and its byproduct atella, which is widely used to feed cows to enhance milk production. However, concerns about heavy metal contamination from agricultural practices associated with Areki's raw materials have emerged, highlighting potential health risks linked to cow's milk and feed in the area. This study focuses on physicochemical characterization, proximate analysis and determination of selected heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, and Pb) in milk and atella samples. Samples of milk and atella were collected purposively from five sites: meja kiltotasefar, kiltu demasefar, melka shayitsefar, Agip sefar, and mobile sefar. In ArsiNegelle town, and homogenized. The physicochemical properties and proximate analyses were performed by following the AOAC method. The concentrations of the heavy metals were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). All the samples were analyzed in replicates, and the mean values are presented. The obtained results showed that the (temperature, pH) were (20.3 ± 0.26, 6.74 ± 0.01) for the composite milk sample and (20.7 ± 0.01, 4.07 ± 0.02) for atella sample. The results of proximate analysis such as moisture, dry matter, crude protein ,crude fat, crude fiber, total ash, carbohydrate and gross energy contents of milk samples were 78.5 ± 0.486 % , 3.84 ± 0.03 %, 4.53 ± 0.251 %,3.35 ± 0.02 %,1.7 ± 0.1 %,0.436 ± 0.015 %, 7.23 ± 0.02 % and 64.34 ± 0.023 kcal/g, respectively. On the other hand, the respective mean values of proximate analysis of atella sample were 11.36 ± 0.20 %, 17.56 ± 0.01 %, 14.7 ± 0.2 %, 11.36 ± 0.20 %,, 17.56 ± 0.01, 14.7 ± 0.2 %, 42.36 ± 0.23 % and 276.71 ± 0.23 kcal/g respectively. From the analyzed metals Pb, Cr and Ni were not detected whereas the mean concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn were in the range of (0.037 – 1.363), (0.0983 – 0.853), and (0.926 – 0.971) mg/L respectively for the (milk, atella) samples. While the physicochemical and proximate analysis reinforced the claims of the traditional community that atella is nutritious feed for cows as evidenced by the proximate composition of milk. Although the levels of the heavy metals in both atella and milk samples were in the permissible range as stipulated by WHO, the study further revealed implications of carryover of the heavy metals from the cow’s feed atella to the milk.