Crop Protection

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    CHICKPEA WILT (FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CICERIS) INTENSITY IN NORTH SHOA, ETHIOPIA, AND EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA GENOTYPES AGAINST THE PATHOGEN
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2024) Kalkidan Wudu
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) is an important pulse crop in Ethiopia. However, chickpea Fusarium wilt (CFW) is the major constraint on its production. Thus, this study was designed with the following objectives: to assess the prevalence, incidence, and association of biophysical factors with CFW in North Shoa Ethiopia and evaluate chickpea genotypes against the pathogen. For this purpose, a field survey was conducted during the 2022 main growing season. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression model were used to analyze association of the disease with different biophysical factors. Fungal isolation was done out by placing small bits of infected root on PDA at Hawassa University Crop Protection Laboratory. Colony characteristic of the fungus were studied on PDA. The spores were obtained by growing the fungal pure culture on SNA. The pathogen was morphologically identified using appropriate identification manual. Sixteen chickpea genotypes were screened for their reaction to CFW under a lath house condition. The survey results revealed that CFW was prevalent in all the surveyed areas, with different levels of incidence. A higher CFW incidence (43.2%) was recorded at Siyadebrna-wayu district, while a lower (34.8%) CFW incidence was recorded at Ensaro district. High mean CFW incidence was recorded on chickpea sown late August (39.2), desi-type chickpea (39.7), fields previously sown with legumes (43.9),lower altitudes (40.3), pod setting stage (41.2) and weedy fields (45.8%). In the model, crop growth stage, district, previous crop, and weeding practice were significantly associated with FOC incidence. The highest (>38%) wilt incidence was highly associated with weedy fields. The fungal mycelia were white in color. The macro conidia were straight to slightly curve with three septa. While the micro conidia were oval and no septation, Based on these, the pathogen was identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (FOC). Three chickpea genotypes (DZ-2012-CK-0312 followed by FLIP12-138c and ICCMABCD-21) were moderately resistant, while nine chickpea genotypes were susceptible. The result of the current study confirmed that CFW was highly prevalent in the study areas. Thus, designing effective CFW management options by targeting important biophysical factors that influence disease pressure and using chickpea varieties that have some degree of resistance to the disease is essential. It would be better to repeat the late house experiment for one or two times and further tests under field conditions to come up with sound recommendations.
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    SURVEY OF CHICKPEA WILT IN NORTH SHEWA ZONE, NORTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA AND EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA VARIETIES AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) ATSIYA DEBRNA WAYU WOREDA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) BASAZIN DEMISS
    Chickpea is an important source of human food and animal feed and is grown in many parts of the world including Ethiopia. Chickpea production is constrained by several biotic and abiotic factors. Chickpea wilt disease is among the major constrains of chickpea in Ethiopia. Presently the information on the status of Chickpea wilts disease and reaction of chickpea varieties to the disease in the study area is lacking. Therefore the present study was conducted with the main objective of determining the status of Chickpea wilt disease at selected woredas of North Shewa Zone, North Eastern Ethiopia and to evaluate chickpea varieties for their reaction against the disease. The survey was conducted at chickpea potential production woredas (Moretna Jiru, Ensaro, Mojana Wedera and Siyadebrna Wayu) during 2018/2019 cropping season. The field data (disease incidence and prevalence)were collected by using simple random sampling technique from farmers’ and research fields. The pathogen was isolated from chickpea plants showing typical wilting symptoms. Pathogenicityof Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceris was confirmed by root dipping inoculation technique in pots under plastic greenhouse condition by using susceptible variety kassech. Seven chickpea varieties were evaluated against Fusarium wilt reaction at Siyadebrna Wayu woredas naturally infested field. The design used for this experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) under field condition with three replications. Both incidence and severity data was taken from the field experiment. Chickpea Fusarium wilt incidence was recorded three weeks after sowing while severity data was taken for four consecutive weeks starting from three weeks after sowing. Disease prevalence of 100, 95, 90 and 85% were recorded in Siyadebrna Wayu, Ensaro, Mojana Wedera and Moretna Jiru woredas, respectively. While the percent disease incidence of four selected Woredaswere Ensaro (30.4%), Moretna Jiru (32.25%), Siyadebrna Wayu (36.55%) and Mojana Wedera (27.8%). The fungal mycelia of the isolates were smooth, white in color and, abundant on PDA. The macro conidia were falcate shaped i.e. straight to slightly curved with 3 septation, While the micro conidia was oval shaped. Based on these the pathogen was identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. The re-isolated fungus was confirmed to be Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. ciceris in order to full filling the requirement for Koch’s postulates by pathogenicity test. From the tested varieties Minijar, Yelbe and Kassech were relatively susceptible, the check variety Kutaye was relatively moderately resistant (tolerant) and Natoli, Mastewal and Areriti were relatively resistant. Based on the findings of the present study, the chickpea varieties, Natoli, Mastewal and Areriti are relatively resistance and can be recommended for the farmers in the study area since they perform better than the control.it is essential to do further research on molecular identification of the fungus associated with chickpea wilt.