Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
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Item EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION LEVELS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) IN BENA TSEMAY WOREDA, SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2022-10-27) MEDHIN MADEBO MADAScarcity of water is one of the major constraints for the development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, the effective use of available water by deficit irrigation is an alternative means to alleviate the problem and optimize the water productivity of crop in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation levels applied on yield, yield components and water productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The field experiment was carried out at Bena Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six irrigation treatments and three replications. The treatments were five water deficit irrigation levels (85%ETc, 75%ETc, 65%ETc, 55%ETc and 45%ETc) and full (100%ETc) as a control treatment. The result of analysis of variance showed that the different deficit irrigation levels applied had statistically significant (p < 0.01) effect on yield and yield component of sesame. Significant delay in flowering and maturity was observed as the water deficit level increased. The highest plant height, number of branch per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight, aboveground biomass, harvest index and straw yield were observed under control treatment (100%ETc), while the lowest observed in 45%ETc treatment respectively. The maximum grain yield (2164.56 kg/ha) was observed under control (100%ETc), while the minimum (1377.37 kg/ha) was obtained from 45%ETc treatment level. From the mean result of grain yield it was observed that control treatment (100%ETc) significantly different from all treatments except treatment under 85%ETc. The highest water productivity (0.55kg/m3 ) was observed under 45%ETc, while the lowest (0.39 kg/m3 ) was at control treatment. From the result of study it was observed that the obtained yield response factor (Ky) was less than unity (Ky < 1), this indicates that sesame is tolerant to water stress. From the result of study it was observed that deficit irrigation under 75%ETc resulted in significant water saving and improved water productivity with insignificant yield reduction; therefore, sesame could be irrigated at 75%ETc in region with limited water resource conditionItem EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) AT MELKASSA, CENTERAL RIFT VALLEY, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2020-10-12) ABERA TESFAYE TEFERAThe experiment was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center during off season under semi-arid climatic condition where moisture stress is higher. The study was under taken to evaluate effect of deficit irrigation on water productivity and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).The experiment was split plot design with three common bean varieties as main plots and four deficit irrigation levels as sub plots all of which replicated three times. Four deficit irrigation levels 100%ETc, 85%ETc, 70%ETc, 55%ETc and three varieties SER-119, Bio fortified small seed-5, Awash-2 were used for treatment combination. The combined result indicates that there was a significant variation among treatments for yield, above ground biomass and water productivity. All common bean varieties were significantly affected under deficit irrigation levels. Consequently, highest yield (3.4 ton/ha) was obtained from irrigating 100%ETc followed by (3.2 ton/ha) with 85%ETc less yield reduction. In contrast the intermediate (2.8 ton/ha) and smallest yield (2.4 ton/ha) was obtained from irrigating 70ETc and 55%ETc.Water productivity was ranged from (0.83 kg/m3 ) at full irrigation to (1.33 kg/m3 ) at higher deficit irrigation. Based on obtained yield and water productivity, under a limited water supply situation where the goal was to gain highest possible yield of common bean and water productivity utilizing application of water from 70%ETC to 85%ETC at each irrigation event offers opportunities for water saving with yield reduction which was compensated by irrigating other area by saved water. The result of economic analysis shown that the highest net benefit obtained from irrigating full 100%ETc of the three common bean varieties. Based on obtained data the MRR was greater than 50% irrigating common bean with deficit irrigation 85%, 70% and 55% is economically feasible depending on accessibility of waterItem EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION LEVELS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) IN BENA TSEMAY WOREDA, SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2022-08-11) MEDHIN MADEBO MADAScarcity of water is one of the major constraints for the development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, the effective use of available water by deficit irrigation is an alternative means to alleviate the problem and optimize the water productivity of crop in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation levels applied on yield, yield components and water productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The field experiment was carried out at Bena Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six irrigation treatments and three replications. The treatments were five water deficit irrigation levels (85%ETc, 75%ETc, 65%ETc, 55%ETc and 45%ETc) and full (100%ETc) as a control treatment. The result of analysis of variance showed that the different deficit irrigation levels applied had statistically significant (p < 0.01) effect on yield and yield component of sesame. Significant delay in flowering and maturity was observed as the water deficit level increased. The highest plant height, number of branch per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight, aboveground biomass, harvest index and straw yield were observed under control treatment (100%ETc), while the lowest observed in 45%ETc treatment respectively. The maximum grain yield (2164.56 kg/ha) was observed under control (100%ETc), while the minimum (1377.37 kg/ha) was obtained from 45%ETc treatment level. From the mean result of grain yield it was observed that control treatment (100%ETc) significantly different from all treatments except treatment under 85%ETc. The highest water productivity (0.55kg/m3 ) was observed under 45%ETc, while the lowest (0.39 kg/m3 ) was at control treatment. From the result of study it was observed that the obtained yield response factor (Ky) was less than unity (Ky < 1), this indicates that sesame is tolerant to water stress. From the result of study it was observed that deficit irrigation under 75%ETc resulted in significant water saving and improved water productivity with insignificant yield reduction; therefore, sesame could be irrigated at 75%ETc in region with limited water resource condition