Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WOSHA AND WERKA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN WONDO GENET DISTRICT, SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-21) HENOK TESFAYE CHARINET
    Expanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performance below capacity. Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of a scheme by identifying where the critical problems occurred. Evaluation of irrigation schemes carried out at Wondo Genet SNNPRS, Ethiopia. The primary objective of evaluating Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes using internal and external indicators were to evaluate their performance and suggest possible interventions to enhance their capacity. Internal indicators including conveyance, application, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency, and deep percolation ratio were used at the head, middle and tail reach of each scheme. Moreover, external indicators of agriculture output, water supply, water delivery capacity and physical indicator were used for evaluating the schemes. The results showed that the conveyance, application, storage, distribution efficiency of 55.6, 48.2, 89.8 and 91.7%, respectively were found at Wosha irrigation scheme whereas 43.0, 59.0, 87.2 and 91.4%, respectively at Werka irrigation scheme. The agricultural output performance such as OPUIA, OPUCA, OPUIS, and OPUWC were 4213.97 US$/ha, 8732.29 US$/ha, 1.18 and 0.32, respectively at Wosha irrigation scheme and 5840.34, 8534.19, 1.77 and 0.42 respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. Water supply indicators such as RIS and RWS were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively for Wosha 0.48 and 0.55, respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. The result indicates that water delivery capacity of Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes were 1.56 and 1.32, respectively. Physical indicators revealed that irrigation ratio of 0.89 and 0.78 and sustainability of irrigated area of 2.07, and 1.46 were found at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Among the internal indicators, application efficiency was very low especially at Wosha irrigation scheme due to higher water loss through deep percolation. The overall efficiency was also below the desired level, where 26.8 and 25.4 %, respectively realized at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Based on the above observation, adoption of water saving practices such as deficit irrigation, surge and cutoff application to improving application, conveyance and distribution systems can enhance crop productivity per unit irrigation water
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    A CASE STUDY OF MAI-SHAWSH AND MIDMAR SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES, IN MEREB SUB-BASIN, NORTH ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-16) GUESH HAGOS ASRESU
    This study tries to evaluate the performance of small scale irrigation schemes using comparative indicators at Maishawsh and Midmar schemes, Mereb Sub basin, North Ethiopia. This study area has poor water management practice and not evaluated before using comparative performance indicators. To address the objectives of irrigation water use efficiency and on-field irrigation management performance of this study was field measurements related to canal discharge, moisture content determination of the soils, measurement of depth of water applied to the fields using two inches parshal flume, group discussion and informant interview to establish the cost of production and the price produced. The result of this study revealed that, the conveyance efficiency for Maishawsh scheme was 98.95%, 91.03%, and 75.21%, respectively for main lined, secondary lined and tertiary unlined canals of the scheme, and for Midmar scheme, it was 76.89% which was an earthen canal. The computed application, storage, distribution and overall scheme efficiency values are 60.8, 64.2, 93.40 and 46.7% for Midmar while they are 56.8, 70, 94.2 and 42.7% for Maishawsh schemes, respectively. The comparative indicators of agricultural outputs such as land productivity measured as outputs per unit command area and outputs per unit irrigated area are 3461.58 and 3512.8 US$/ha for Midmar while 3120.91 and 3032.46 US$/ha for Maishawsh respectively. The water indicators such as output per unit irrigation supply and Output per water consumed are 0.36 and 0.61 for Midmar while they are 0.25 and 0.54 US$/m3 for Maishawsh schemes respectively. The water supply indicators measured by, relative water supply and relative irrigation supply gave 1.8 and 1.85 for Midmar while they are 2.29 and 2.37 for Maishawsh schemes respectively. This implied that the amount of water supplied was sufficient for the water demand of both schemes. The original irrigable and command area was declined by 2% from the actual irrigated area in Midmar scheme. However, the actual irrigated area was expanded by 3% and 6% from original irrigable and command area in Maishawsh scheme respectively. The financial indicators measured by gross return on investment and financial self sufficiency for Midmar are 91.5 and 69% while they are 91 and 77% for Maishawsh respectively. Based on this result, Midmar irrigation scheme was slightly better than Maishawsh, the reason might be good water management at field level and Midmar water users pay for what they have consumed
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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WAQEMIYA TIYO AND AWASH MELKASA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN EAST SHEWA ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-10-15) ALEMIYE DEGEFA TOLA
    Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of scheme by identifying performance gaps that help to provide appropriate improvement options. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of Waqemiya Tiyo and Awash Melkasa community managed small-scale irrigation schemes located at Adama District, Oromia, Ethiopia using internal and external performance indicators. For this purpose, primary and secondary data were collected from the schemes and for field data measurements three farmers’ fields were selected at the head, middle and tail-end of each scheme. Schemes were evaluated by their own merits with the help of internal performance indicators. Thus, the results of analyses revealed that conveyance, application, storage, overall scheme efficiency and distribution uniformity were 49.0, 56.2, 48.8, 27.5 and 88.2% and at Waqemiya Tiyo whereas, 45.6 53.3, 44.1, 24.3 and 85.8% Awash Melkasa schemes respectively. Then comparison was made using external performance indicators such as water supply, water delivery capacity, outputs and physical indicators. The results obtained revealed that the values of relative water supply and irrigation supply were 0.59 and 0.57 for Waqemiya Tiyo scheme, whereas 0.65 and 0.64 for the Awash Melkasa scheme respectively. Water delivery capacities of Waqemiya Tiyo and Awash Melkasa schemes were 0.60 and 0.37 respectively. The values of output per unit irrigated area were 3962.6 and 2187.3 US$/ha, and similarly the output per unit command area was 4507.4and 2479.US$/ha for two schemes respectively. The output per unit irrigation supply and water consumed were 0.79,0.45US$/m 3 and 0.91,0.57US$/m 3 for two schemes respectively. Likewise, Physical indicators such as irrigation ratio and sustainability of the irrigated area revealed that 1.14, 1.07 and1.11, 1.04 for two schemes, respectively. Based on the results obtained, Awash Melkasa scheme was better in terms of relative water supply and irrigation supply. However, Waqemiya Tiyo scheme had significantly better land and water productivity than Awash Melkasa scheme due to used high value crops, agricultural inputs and removal of grass cover and sedimentation from canal systems. As a result, Waqemiya Tiyo scheme was better performing than Awash Melkasa scheme therefore, practices high value crops, sharing their experience with one another to achieve good performance of the schemes.
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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WOSHA AND WERKA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN WONDO GENET DISTRICT, SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-07) HENOK TESFAYE CHARINET
    Expanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performance below capacity. Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of a scheme by identifying where the critical problems occurred. Evaluation of irrigation schemes carried out at Wondo Genet SNNPRS, Ethiopia. The primary objective of evaluating Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes using internal and external indicators were to evaluate their performance and suggest possible interventions to enhance their capacity. Internal indicators including conveyance, application, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency, and deep percolation ratio were used at the head, middle and tail reach of each scheme. Moreover, external indicators of agriculture output, water supply, water delivery capacity and physical indicator were used for evaluating the schemes. The results showed that the conveyance, application, storage, distribution efficiency of 55.6, 48.2, 89.8 and 91.7%, respectively were found at Wosha irrigation scheme whereas 43.0, 59.0, 87.2 and 91.4%, respectively at Werka irrigation scheme. The agricultural output performance such as OPUIA, OPUCA, OPUIS, and OPUWC were 4213.97 US$/ha, 8732.29 US$/ha, 1.18 and 0.32, respectively at Wosha irrigation scheme and 5840.34, 8534.19, 1.77 and 0.42 respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. Water supply indicators such as RIS and RWS were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively for Wosha 0.48 and 0.55, respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. The result indicates that water delivery capacity of Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes were 1.56 and 1.32, respectively. Physical indicators revealed that irrigation ratio of 0.89 and 0.78 and sustainability of irrigated area of 2.07, and 1.46 were found at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Among the internal indicators, application efficiency was very low especially at Wosha irrigation scheme due to higher water loss through deep percolation. The overall efficiency was also below the desired level, where 26.8 and 25.4 %, respectively realized at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Based on the above observation, adoption of water saving practices such as deficit irrigation, surge and cutoff application to improving application, conveyance and distribution systems can enhance crop productivity per unit irrigation wate