Water Resource
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Item EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON YIELD AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) UNDER CONVENTIONAL FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN BENNATSEMAY WOREDA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2019-10-22) TADESSE MUGORO LEBISOEnhancing water productivity is an important strategy for addressing future water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, innovations are needed to increase the water use efficiency that is available. Deficit irrigation is believed to improve water productivity without causing severe yield reductions; which the crop is exposed to a certain level of water stress either during a particular period or throughout the whole growing season. The field experiment was conducted in Bennatsemay Woreda Weyito experimental site of Jinka Agricultural Research Center, Southern Ethiopia, during 2018 season with objective of investigating the effect of deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity of Onion under conventional furrow irrigation system. Six treatments (T1=100% ETc, T2=85% ETc, T3=70% ETc, T4=50% ETc, T5=100% ETc Is, 85% ETc Ds, 70% ETc Ms, 50% ETc Ls and T6=85% ETc Is, 70% ETc Ds, 50% ETc Ms, 0% ETc Ls) were imposed on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bombay red variety and laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Results indicated that the different deficit irrigation levels had highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on vegetative growth, yield, yield components and water use efficiency of Onion. Onion bulb yield was reduced with increased water stress, where as water productivity was increased with stress level increased. The highest bulb yield of 21.3 t/ha were obtained from T1 which was significantly different to all other treatments while yield from T6 (12.86 t/ha) was recorded as the lowest one. Similarly, the highest IWUE (2.41 kg/m3 ) and CWUE (4.02 kg/m3 ) were obtained from T6 which was significantly superior to all other treatments. But, at T4 and T6 high yield reduction was recorded which may not be attractive for producers. On the other hand, the total bulb yield, yield components, IWUE and CWUE observed under T3 and T5 irrigation application levels had no statistically significant variation (p < 0.01). However, under T5 the relative yield reduction was greater when compared to T3. So, instead of T5, using T3 (applying 70% ETc) is advisable. Accordingly, made T5 out of the role, compared T1, T2, T3, T4 and T6, high IWUE was observed under T6 and T4 with high yield reduction penalty. From resources conservation point of view, maximum water productivity may be our attention, which could be obtained under this severe deficit irrigation. However, such consequences on yield may not be tolerable from producers view point (at T4 and T6). Therefore, it could be concluded that increased water saving and water productivity through irrigation at 70% ETc deficit irrigation level under conventional furrow irrigation system can solve the problem of water shortage and would ensure the opportunity of further irrigation development in the study area and similar agro-ecologyItem EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATION INTERVAL ON YIELD AND ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF HARICOT BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) IN ADAMI TULLU, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2019-10-24) KASECH BELACHEWAvailability of water in the required quality and quantity is vital for crop production. Water scarcity does not only occur in arid and semi-arid areas but also it occurs in areas that receive high rainfall and have abundant fresh water resources. Especially in regions with water shortage, deficit irrigation strategies have become important tools to attain higher water use efficiency and optimum yield. Proper irrigation interval is also used to utilize scarce water resources efficiently and effectively by applying the required amount of water when it is needed. These, however, need testing the application of the system under specific condition for a given crop. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of yield and above ground biomass of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under deficit irrigation and various irrigation intervals in Adami Tullu, Oromia, Ethiopia. The treatments were comprised of factorial combinations of two factors. The treatments were four levels of water application (100% , 85% , 70% , and 50% ETc) with three irrigation intervals (3, 5 and 7 days).The experimental design used in this study was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Irrigation depth was monitored using a parshall flume with an opening having 3 inch throat width. The analysis of variance for the result of the study indicated significant (P < 0.05) differences for yield, above ground biomass and WUE. The highest yield (2202.2 kg/ha) was obtained under treatments which received 100% ETc with 3 day irrigation interval, while the lowest yield (1220.2 kg/ha) was obtained under treatment which received 50% ETc with 7 day irrigation interval. In terms of crop yield and water use efficiency, 50% ETc deficit irrigation application with 3 day irrigation interval gave the highest CWUE of 0.54 kg/m3 and FWUE of 0.38 kg/m3 , while the lowest value of CWUE was 0.32 kg/m3 and FWUE was 0.26 kg/m3 were obtained under100% ETc with 7 day irrigation interval. Therefore, based on yield, above ground biomass and WUE, irrigation level of 85% ETc with 5 day irrigation interval could be recommended to achieve higher yield, above ground biomass and water use efficiency in water scarcity areaItem RESPONSES OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum .L) CROP YIELD TO SOIL MOISTURE STRESS CONDITIONS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES: THE CASE STUDY AT WO(Hawassa University, 2019-10-18) AREGASH DEBOCH JELOSPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is produced in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia as one of the staple food and the production and productivity is limited by the scarcity of water. A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of soil moisture stress on different growth stages of potato with the objectives of identifying crop growth stages sensitive to soil moisture stress, to investigate the relative yield response factor of Potato under different treatments, to determine the irrigation water requirement at each treatments and to investigate the water use efficiency under different treatments. The experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at Wondo Genet in SNNPRs of central rift valley, southern, Ethiopia during the 2017/18 cropping season. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications seven treatments including the control treatment were devised to represent some possible combinations of water application. The result showed that soil moisture stress occurred at different growth stage had a significance (p<0.05) effect on plant height, number of tuber per plant, tuber length, tuber diameter, tuber fresh weight, and total tuber yield of Potato. The highest plant height (92.67 cm and 85.16 cm), number of tuber per plant (11.33) ,tuber length (7.7cm), tuber diameter (5.73 and 5.53 cm), tuber fresh weight (756.67 and 735.67 g), and total tuber yield (29.16 and 28.36 t /ha) were obtained from T1and T5 respectively; while the lowest plant height (47.43 cm), number of tuber per plant (4.33 and 3.66 cm), tuber length(2.86 cm), tuber diameter (2.36 cm), tuber fresh weight (216.67 g), and total tuber yield (10.2 t /ha) were recorded from T3, T4 and T6, T4, T6, T3 and T6 respectively. Most of the parameters (dependent variable) that are plant height, tuber number per plant, tuber length, tuber diameter and total tuber yield showed significant yield reduction in their values as moisture stress increased at different growth stages. Growth parameters were slightly affected by moisture stress when the stress was imposed during the initial and late season growth stages but they were not significant. Initial and Midseason growth stage of potato tuber was the most critical stage (causes 65% yield loss) for soil moisture stress followed by development stage (49% yield reduction). The highest water use efficiency was obtained from T5 (7.26 kg/m3 ) and the lowest one were from T3 (3.93 kg/m3 ). Missing irrigation at the late season growth stage (T5) affects potato tuber insignificantly. This study has shown in order to avoid high yield reduction; The variety should not be stressed consecutively at initial and midseason growth stages well established