Water Resource
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Item ASSESSMENT WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF WERABE TOWN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM, SNNP, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2023-10-21) MIFTA SEID HUSSENIt's mandatory to assess the hydraulic performance of water supply distribution systems to address water distribution issues in an urban water supply system. This can be accomplished by analyzing the current status of the water distribution system. This study was aimed to analyze the existing water distribution system in Werabe town using WaterGEMS software. WaterGEMS model was used for automated calibration and analyzing the hydraulic parameters of water distribution system. To reduce the difference between measured and predicted pressure, the model was calibrated at the selected nodes within good performance. The result showed that the water supply coverage was low which covers only 69.5%. besides water demand and supply of Werabe town were not balanced. The people used daily water of 41.7 l/day with the billed water amount is 70% of production and 30% water is considered to be non-revenue (NRW). The simulation result of the existing water distribution system showed that, during peak hour demand 27.68% of junction have within the recommended pressure ranges of minimum 15 m and maximum 70 m H2O. The hydraulic performance analysis also revealed that 82.11% and 44.6 % of total pipes have velocity below 0.6m/s at minimum and peak demand respectively. The study concluded that the hydraulic performance of Werabe town water supply distribution system is running below the expected level. Thus, the high pressures in the distribution should be managed by using pressure reducing valves and a low pressure and velocity should be improved by making rehabilitation of existing boreholes, which satisfy the existing peak water demandItem WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE AND QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF SUPPLY (IN CASE OF HAWASSA TOWN)(Hawassa University, 2024-10-27) GUSSA BOLKAWater supply in distribution system is the key problems of water authorities in developing countries including Ethiopia. Water consumption has been increasing significantly in most towns due to increasing number of population and other factors. This study assess Hawassa town water supply system based on main performance indicators namely Demand and supply water coverage, water production, water consumption, distribution system water loss, water quality and operation and maintenance. High water loss, customer complaints and operation and maintenance problems indicates that there are deficiencies on the quality of the service. To conduct this research, data of water production and consumption, some water supply system data were obtained from the water utility records and primary data were collected through field survey and structured checklist administered to the water consumers and key personnel of Hawassa Town Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprise ( HTWSSSE) . The existing water supply source of locations was analyzed using software ARC GIS Map version10.1 and the data from HTWSSSE and households were analyzed descriptive methods. As found out, Hawassa town water supply service could not meet water demands of the town with existing capacity. The total demand of the town for the year of 2022/23 is 90,388 m 3 /day but the production is 30,976.56 m3 /day which have only 30% coverage of the demand. Sufficient water scheme development that fulfills town demand is the major question to date. Even though there are a number of water sources in the area, chemical content is the main problem as confirmed during this work. The town situated in the rift valley where there is problem due to natural chemical content which undermines the quality of water. Assessment was made on all available ground and surface water sources to verify chemical content that can causes adverse effect on human health. In this regard, 24 samples were collected from all available sources in the town and nearby surroundings area of the town and tested in Hawassa Town Water Supply and Sewerage Service Enterprise, Water Quality Laboratory. According to the test result, most of sources are safe for drinking purpose except calcium, magnesium a little bit higher or out range, however ,the bit increase do not cause adverse effect for human health and fluoride and iron which are more than admissible range of WHO but some sources have allowable range. On the other hand, all boreholes and rivers capacity measured during this work. The analysis of the storage capacity of existing reservoirs which have 10,400m3/day the recommended range was 27,116.4 m3 /day to 45,194.15 m3 /day , the results shows less than the recommended range, so the Hawassa city water scheme is not safe regarding to storage capacity. In conclusion, the town’s water supply system is poor in managing water loss, water access, operation and maintenance with the continuous generation of water from source continuously into balancing reservoir. It is recommended that the water utility develop a strategy and work hard on the indicate system deficiencies especially on operation and maintenance to improve the water supply system performance and provide customers with good quality serviceItem URBAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ASSESMENT: THE CASE OF ASSOSA TOWN, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2022-10-23) ABEBE AMADO MENTOSEAIntermittent water disruption is the key problem of many water authorities in developing countries including Ethiopia. Water demand has been increasing significantly in most cities due to population growth and other factors. As a result, town water utilities are struggling to provide customers with adequate and reliable water supply service despite obstacles that hinder water utilities not to provide the required service. This study assesses the performance of Assosa town water supply system based on main performance indicators namely Demand and supply, water loss, water quality, customer satisfaction, and. operation and maintenance. These indicators have been cited as the main factors, which reflect the performance of many urban water supply systems. High water loss, customer complaints, and operation and maintenance problems indicate that there are deficiencies in the quality of the service. To conduct this research, data of water production and consumption, water supply system data were obtained from the water utility records, other data not found in the water utility records is collected using instruments. Hydraulic performance of the system is also evaluated by modeling the system. Water quality tests were conducted and compared with the national and international standards. Household interviews were made to understand customers’ satisfaction towards the water supply. There is a frequent interruption of boreholes. The water quality test shows some parameters departed from the standard set on the Ethiopian and WHO water quality guidelines. In addition, there is customer’s complaint towards continuous access of water. The operation and maintenance in the town is identified to be poor. In conclusion, the town’s water supply system is poor in managing water loss, water quality, operation and maintenance with the worst condition of continuous generation of water from sources continuously interruption. It is recommended that the water utility develop a strategy and work hard on the indicated system deficiencies especially on operation and maintenance to improve the water supply system performance and provide customers with good quality service