Water Resource

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/71

Browse

Filters

2017 - 20182

Settings

Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.Water quality

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ASSESMENT OF CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL WATER SUPPLY: THE CASE OF GAMBELLA ZURIA WOREDA, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-20) SELESHI MANAYE DERSEH
    Sustainability of water supplies is a key challenge both in terms of water resources and service delivery. Furthermore, it is the key to identify what enables a water scheme to remain operational over a long period of time. Consequently, the objective of this study was to identify the main challenges of sustainable rural water supply systems by evaluating and comparing functional and non-functional systems. The study was carried out in Gambella Zuria Woreda located in West of Gambella town, Gambella Region, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data sources were carefully examined. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used to analyze the data. Score matrix, questionnaire, and focus group discussions were among the selected methods. Water quality testing was done to examine suitability of water sources. The result obtained from tested parameters indicated that except the pH and F values, all parameters values are out of the World health organizations (WHO) standards for drinking water. The parameter values were found to be in the range of pH (6.9- 8.0), Turbidity (2.21-15 NTU), EC (495 – 1123.00 μS/cm), TDS (230-1300 mg/L), TH (183-913.0 mg/L), Fe2+ (0.06-0.67 mg/L), Fluoride (0.11- 1.21mg/l), Ca2+ (5.3-78.00 mg/L) and Mg2+ (13-98.30 mg/L). Additionally, the overall quality of the groundwater low in the sampled sites of the study area and this situation needs urgent and strategic solutions. From this study all the water schemes non-sustainability problems are low water quality, lack of proper operation and maintenance, weak management which resulted in the Woreda’s inability to achieve full coverage of the rural population with safe water services. On the other hand, the finding of this research show that, 45% of functional water supply schemes and 23% of nonfunctional water supply schemes respondents said that the collected water tariff cover the operation and maintenance cost of water supply schemes, and 35% of functional water supply schemes and 86% of nonfunctional water supply schemes respondents responded have problem of ability to pay water tariff. Therefore, regular maintenance of water schemes, awareness creation of the water users, training of water point committees and follow up to the community by the water Bureau of the Wereda can be a better solution to solve the problem before it gets worse
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, DEMAND AND SANITATION CONDITION IN RURAL AREAS OF SHEBEDINO WOREDA SIDAMA ZONE, SNNPR
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-19) DANIEL SOKAMO KAMALA
    Water is a natural resource of fundamental importance. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with problems of water supply and sanitation. This study was conducted in Shebedino Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples State. The aims of this study was to assess the quality, accessibility of drinking water supply and sanitary condition and forecast the future demand by 2026. For this study 4 rural Kebeles and 11 Water points were selected by using systematic sampling method. For household survey, 120 respondents were selected from which 70 were male house headed and 50 were women who were primary responsible in fetching water. Questionnaires were used to assess sanitary and access of drinking water to the community and personal observation was used to identify a water point and to assess sanitary condition of the water source. Also Key informant’ interviews were carried out to collect background information on hygienic behavior, accessibility of water supply and causes of water associated communicable diseases. Totally 33 samples (3 samples from each water point) were collected and tested in the laboratory to assess physico chemical and bacteriological quality of the drinking water. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the result presented in frequencies, mean, standard deviation and percentages. The physico chemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed using ANOVAs and the result was presented using tables and graphs. Based on the findings, the major problems regarding drinking water and sanitation were: low coverage (30.50%),low quantity (7.1 liters of average per capita consumption and also more than 96.67% of the people take less than 20 liters of potable water), and long water fetching time (in average 47 minutes). Likewise, sanitation situation was not so healthy and encouraging. Many factors were responsible for poor sanitation. Some of them were lack of proper disposal of garbage and toilet waste and lack of knowledge of rural people about personal hygiene and health. The survey result showed that about 51.5% of the households were disposing baby faeces and solid wastes in the open field, majorities of them (70.36%) who constructed a latrine used it now and then and also more than 50% of respondents in the study area don't use water at all for hand washing after defecating. Physicochemical quality test showed that the concentration of Turbidity is very high in Sedeka Kebele at Lamala and Shemeta sites, in Howolso Kebele at Kitawo site and in Gonowagabalo Kebele at Burama and Handisa sites. Level of Manganese also higher in Remeda Kebele at Tado site, which is much greater than WHO guideline values and not suitable for drinking purpose. According to the result of Bacteriological quality test water supply in the studied area had mean number of total coliform and fecal coliform is 8.37and 4.87respectively,which is much greater than WHO guideline values and not suitable for drinking purpose. Therefore, the major copping strategies for the challenges are water points should be protected and water disinfection techniques should be used, evaluating the existing performance, adjusting periodically revised population growth, preventive and regular maintenance program, focusing on the construction of communal latrines and integrating water supply and sanitation sectors