Water Resource

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    RESPONSE OF WHEAT (Triticum Aestivum L.) YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS UNDER DIFFERENT MOISTURE STRESS LEVELS AT GEWANE WOREDA, AFAR REGION, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2021-08-19) ZIYAD RUBE HAMID
    Enhancing water productivity of irrigated crops through Agricultural water management practices is a vital option in water scarce areas. Field experiment was conducted at demonstration site of Gewane Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training College located in Gewane woreda, Afar region, Ethiopia. The objective of this research was aimed to identify optimum moisture stress levels for wheat under moisture stress area of Gewane woreda. Ten deficit irrigation levels namely (45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 and 90 %ETc) and the control (100%ETc) irrigation water application were used in whole growing season of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Adopted wheat variety Fentale -2 was used as testing crop and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The daily climatic parameters used to estimate ETo were collected from Gewane meteorological station. Daily crop water requirement (ETc) was estimated by multiplying reference evapotranspiration with crop coefficient. Yield and yield components were collected and analyzed using SAS 9.0 statistical software. The analysis of variance showed that, the reduction of water application (moisture stress levels) had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on growth parameters, yield and yield components except on the number of tillers per square meter and harvesting index as compared to the full irrigation (100%ETc). The result also showed that, the grain yield reduced as the stress levels increased, whereas water use efficiency was increased as the stress levels increased. The highest grain yield of 4472.2 kg/ha was obtained from full irrigation( 100%ETc) which had no significant difference with irrigation water application up to 70%ETc. Whereas the lowest grain yield of 3475.7 kg/ha was recorded from 45%ETc. In terms of water use efficiency, the highest and lowest water use efficiency of 1.32 and 0.82 kg/m3 was obtained from 45 and 100%ETc respectively. Therefore, wheat could be irrigated at 70%ETc to improve water use efficiency without a significant grain yield reduction. Moreover, it could be irrigated at 45%ETc in area where water use efficiency is top priority with compromise of grain yield reduction by 22.28% as result of saved water to irrigate other crops
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    EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE, FIXED AND CONVENTIONAL FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON TOMATO YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY AT HUMBO WOREDA, ETHIOPI
    (Hawassa University, 2018-12-25) TAMIRNEH KIFLE SHIKUR
    Water scarcity is one of the most important factors influencing sustainable agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Insufficient water supply for irrigation was the norm rather than the exception, and irrigation management has been shifting from emphasizing production per unit area to maximizing the production per unit of water consumed, the water productivity. To cope with scarce water supplies, applying irrigation water below full crop-water requirements is an important tool to achieve the goal of reducing irrigation water use and increase water use efficiency (WUE). The objective of this research was to evaluate the three furrow irrigation systems on tomato yield and water use efficiency and identify the furrow irrigation method which allows achieving optimum tomato yield. To achieve this, experimental design was arranged in RCBD with three treatments and four replications. The irrigation treatments were Alternate Furrow Irrigation (AFI), Fixed Furrow Irrigation (FFI) and Conventional Furrow Irrigation (CFI) method. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences in yield and water use efficiency (P < 0.05). The result showed that conventional furrow irrigation method gave maximum fruit yield (32 ton/ha) and alternative furrow irrigation method showed highest water use efficiency (8.82 kg/m3 ), and has high marginal return rate. There for, in area where enough water available, applying water at conventional furrow irrigation system through growing season is advisable to obtain maximum tomato yield and in water scarce area applying irrigation water through alternative furrow irrigation system in four day interval is found to be economical feasible and highest water use efficiency.
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    EFFECT OF MOISTURE STRESS ON YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AT MELKASA, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-21) ROBEL ADMASU LAKEWU
    At present and so in the future, irrigated agriculture will take place under water scarcity. Insufficient water supply for irrigation will be the normal rather than the expectation, and irrigation management will shift from emphasizing per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed, the water productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the water use efficiency of maize under moisture stress condition and to identify the critical depth of application with limited effect on yield. Field experiment was conducted at Awash Melkassa (Melkassa agricultural research center farm). The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatment consists of seven moisture stress levels and one control (full irrigation, 85% ETc, 75% ETc, 65% ETc, 55% ETc, 45% ETc, 35% ETc and 25% ETc). Daily crop water requirement (ETc) was estimated by multiplying reference evapotranspiration with crop coefficient. The result reveals that the moisture stress levels set had significant impact on grain yield and crop water use efficiency. The highest grain yield was obtained from full irrigation (5524.8 Kg/ha) which was not significantly (P<0.01) different to the 85% ETc (5406.5 Kg/ha) whereas, the lowest grain yield is obtained from 25% ETc (1468.6 Kg/ha). In terms of field and water use efficiency 25% ETc gives the highest field water use efficiency and crop water use efficiency followed by 35% ETc and 85% ETc. Therefore, it can be concluded that increased water saving and associated water productivity through the use of 85% ETc, can solve the problem of water shortage which improves water use efficiency without significant reduction of yield. But if the water scarcity is high in the area 75% ETc appears to be a promising alternative for water shortage with negligible trade-off in grain yield and water use efficienc