Water Resource
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Item ASSESSMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES SUSTAINABILITY AT SHEBEDINO WOREDA, SIDAMA ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2018-10-27) WONDWOSEN ADMASUIn developing country there is a problem of water supply schemes sustainability due to damage of functional water supply schemes with different reasons through their service period. This situation is also observed in Ethiopia with in all states and woredas. Shebedino woreda found in sidama zone, SNNPR State has a visible problem in this regard. This study was conducted to assess the sustainability of water supply schemes in Shebedino woreda(study area). The assessment was focused on the functionality of water supply schemes; examining the sustainability of water supply schemes through technical, financial, organizational, social, environmental factors, and community perception within four sampled kebele and 15 water supply schemes of the study area. For this research purpose primary and secondary data were used. Data was collected focused on House to House interview, Field observation, Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant interview with organized questions. Field observation was conducted .The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis method. From finding the nonfunctional water supply scheme of study area was 33.58 % which is greater than from SNNPR and national level. Technical, financial, organizational, social, environmental factors and community perception have major contribution in the sustainability of water supply schemes. Among the reasons for frequently failed of water supply schemes, lack of spare part has taken the large percentage which is 47.78% and the second large proportion is poor management which is 31.67%. Inadequate budget were contributed for insecurity of sustainability of water supply schemes .The study result shows that more emphasis is not given for community participation in planning and technological selection. Large percentage of finance was allocated for newly constructed water supply schemes by NGOs 79.2%, but government and community have low contribution. Community participation, technical factors and organizational management are the major parts need more emphasis to ensure the sustainability of water supply schemes. It was found that even though the community has high willingness in contribution for the sustainability of water supply schemes, but there is low practice of community involvement. This positive attitude has significance in the sustainability of water supply schemes but need more improvementItem ASSESMENT OF CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL WATER SUPPLY: THE CASE OF GAMBELLA ZURIA WOREDA, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2018-10-20) SELESHI MANAYE DERSEHSustainability of water supplies is a key challenge both in terms of water resources and service delivery. Furthermore, it is the key to identify what enables a water scheme to remain operational over a long period of time. Consequently, the objective of this study was to identify the main challenges of sustainable rural water supply systems by evaluating and comparing functional and non-functional systems. The study was carried out in Gambella Zuria Woreda located in West of Gambella town, Gambella Region, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data sources were carefully examined. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used to analyze the data. Score matrix, questionnaire, and focus group discussions were among the selected methods. Water quality testing was done to examine suitability of water sources. The result obtained from tested parameters indicated that except the pH and F values, all parameters values are out of the World health organizations (WHO) standards for drinking water. The parameter values were found to be in the range of pH (6.9- 8.0), Turbidity (2.21-15 NTU), EC (495 – 1123.00 μS/cm), TDS (230-1300 mg/L), TH (183-913.0 mg/L), Fe2+ (0.06-0.67 mg/L), Fluoride (0.11- 1.21mg/l), Ca2+ (5.3-78.00 mg/L) and Mg2+ (13-98.30 mg/L). Additionally, the overall quality of the groundwater low in the sampled sites of the study area and this situation needs urgent and strategic solutions. From this study all the water schemes non-sustainability problems are low water quality, lack of proper operation and maintenance, weak management which resulted in the Woreda’s inability to achieve full coverage of the rural population with safe water services. On the other hand, the finding of this research show that, 45% of functional water supply schemes and 23% of nonfunctional water supply schemes respondents said that the collected water tariff cover the operation and maintenance cost of water supply schemes, and 35% of functional water supply schemes and 86% of nonfunctional water supply schemes respondents responded have problem of ability to pay water tariff. Therefore, regular maintenance of water schemes, awareness creation of the water users, training of water point committees and follow up to the community by the water Bureau of the Wereda can be a better solution to solve the problem before it gets worseItem ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES: A CASE STUDY OF DAMOT GALE WOREDA, WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2022-03-24) GELAN GASHO MALAKOThe Sustainability Development Goal targets to reduce the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water, but huge disparities still exist. The main objective of this study was to assess the main factors affecting the sustainability of rural water schemes in the Damot Gale Woreda. The main factors considered were: water usage, water quality, time spent to collect water, service provision, service interruption, water tariff, willingness to pay, management factors, choice of technology and environmental factors. Data was collected using questionnaires, focused group discussion, field visits and key informant interview. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data and to calculate sustainability scores for water schemes. The analysis showed that the average daily water usage was below the mean, i.e 20 to 40 liters/ household. About 75.47 % of the beneficiaries spent more time to collect water than the standard (30 minute round trip). About 73.21 % of the beneficiaries were dissatisfied with the absence of operator during water collection. About 57 % of beneficiaries answered there were service interruptions because of system failure rated at 77.74 %. About 50.18% of water users perceived taste and odor problem. About 23.02 % of beneficiaries argued that the newly set tariff was expensive and 34.34 % are not willing to pay. The results indicated that the main factors which made the schemes unsustainable were: long fetching time; service interruption due to scheme failure; new water tariff; willingness to pay and commitment of all members. Water service providers and the community should address the identified affecting sustainability factors in their conception, planning, construction and post construction management activities of rural water supply schemes. Therefore, the findings call for adopting demand responsive approach, strengthening community participation, building community capacity to manage water supply schemes properly, establishing effective user fee collection system, developing trusted and transparent system of funds management, choosing appropriate technology, building local technicians' capacity, minimizing problems related with availability of spare parts, improving construction quality as well as strengthening the capacity of the leading office at Woreda level to support rural communities in managing water supply