Water Resource
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Item PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF UDO WETATE IRRIGATION SCHEME FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION USING FURROW IRRIGATION METHOD; IN SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2024-07-27) HANA WULETAWPerformance evaluation in irrigation systems plays a vital role in identifying the gaps and applying mitigation measures. The objective of the study was to undertake performance evaluation on winter wheat irrigation system of Udo Wetate irrigation scheme. For primary data collection field observations were conducted, discharge rates in the irrigation canals were measured, soil moisture content was determined, and the depth of water applied to the fields was also measured. For technical evaluation of the scheme using performance indicators, three sample plots were selected from the head, middle and tail-end of the main canal. The findings of this study revealed several performance issues with the Udo Wetate irrigation system. The irrigation water supply exceeded demand across all sample plots in February, ranging from 36.6% to 56.88% excess due to plot location and crop growth stage, but by March the supply only exceeded demand in two plots while falling short by 16.72% in the plot located at the canal tail, and by April crop water demands exceeded supply at all plots from 0.86% to 33% shortfall due to inadequate water application and conveyance losses. The conveyance efficiency was a major contributor to this inefficiency, with the main and tertiary canals having efficiencies of just 45.3% and 61.5% respectively. The mean field application efficiency was estimated to be 60.0%, which is considered good but had noticeable differences between plots due to different water application and relative location of plots from the source. The average storage efficiency was 50.8%, However, the distribution uniformity was 81.0%, indicating the irrigation water was fairly evenly distributed. Overall, the efficiency of the Udo Wetate irrigation scheme was found to be only 32.14% impacted by water management problems, insufficient water application, lack of awareness of crop water requirements, improper furrow design, and soil type, generally indicating moderate performance. Based on the results for this study non -proportionality of the irrigation water demand with supply, poor water delivery system, absence of frequent maintenance and management were problems strongly affecting the performance of the scheme. Therefore, it is suggested that frequent maintenance, giving training and applying a strong water delivery plan are required to mitigate this problemItem PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME IN ADDIS-ALEM, SEHARTI SAMRE WOREDA, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA.(Hawassa University, 2017-10-28) ABRHA FENTAW AKALUWater is scarce and expensive resource which needs to be utilized in a highly productive manner for agriculture. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the small scale irrigation scheme at Addis-Alem, Seharti Samre Woreda, Tigray Regional State. The importance of performance evaluation of small scale irrigation scheme mainly for advising irrigators on how to improve their system and management practice, intervention across different system levels, and to compute irrigation seasons and technologies The scheme has command area of 60 ha during the current study time and serving about 240 beneficiaries. To achieve the aim primary and secondary data were gathered. The internal and external performances using minimum sets of performance which includes agriculture water use economical, and physical performances. In order to compute the irrigation water use efficiency of farmers at field level, nine farmer fields were identified from the irrigation scheme in the relation to their location (head, middle and tail end water users). The internal process which include conveyance, application, storage, runoff, deep percolation ratio, distribution efficiencies, and overall irrigation efficiency were used to check the performance of the irrigation scheme. The results of the analyses indicate that the conveyance and application efficiencies were found to be 51.297 and 68.07% respectively. The runoff ratio of the scheme was nil as the furrows are block end type. Deep percolation ratio in the same order of the scheme was found to 31.93%. Storage efficiency was also estimated 47.69%. Further, irrigation uniformity of98.91% was attended. From the analysis of external indicators, the output per cropped area and output per command area were found as 4545.455 and 1363.636US$ha-1 respectively. The output per irrigation supply of the scheme was 0.663 US$ m-3 . Output per water consumed in the scheme was 0.974 US$ m-3 . The water use performance of the scheme was computed, water supply and relative irrigation supply were found as 7.362.The irrigation ratio of the scheme was found to be 0.30 which means about 70% of the command area is not under irrigation during the study period. In general,, the performance of Addis-Alem irrigation scheme is low . But there is still a room for improving the performance of the scheme by resizing the main canal as well as the secondary and tertiary canals which were not adequately carrying the required irrigation waterItem PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES - THE CASE OF ELLA AND BOSSA SCHEMES IN HUMBO WOREDA, SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2021-10-21) TINSAE DALGASmall-scale irrigation is one of the important pillars of the food security strategy of Ethiopian government that designed to promote the food production of small holder farmers. This study was aimed to investigate the performance of the Ella and Bossa small-scale irrigation schemes. To meet the objective, the primary and secondary data were collected. The primary data were collected through household interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observation to identify problems of the existing schemes, and discharge measurement was done at different main and secondary canal sections. The water delivery performance indicators such as conveyance efficiency, relative water supply, and relative irrigation supply, the selected sustainability, agricultural and financial indicators were used to estimate and compare the performance of the schemes. The secondary data were collected from office of water resource and irrigation, office of agricultural and natural resource and different published materials. Conveyance efficiency result for both Ella and Bossa schemes was found to be 76.25% and 75.54%, Relative water supply was found as 1.10 and 0.96, it shows that in Ella scheme there is excess water amount diverted from the river Likewise, in Bossa scheme the value is not shows there is water shortage but, for deficit irrigation system it is optimum amount of water to meet the crop water demand, relative irrigation supply was found to be 1.15 and 0.90, this value indicates that in Ella scheme there was over supply of water and in the case of Bossa scheme, the value indicates that there was water shortage delivered as compared to irrigation needed respectively. From selected physical performance indicators, the result of RIA found to be 74% and 75.6%, BTP 78.6% and 70%, and SIA 108.2% and 172%, from agricultural indicators, OPUIA was found to be 32310.81 and 30961.03birr/ha, OPUCA 23910 and 23392.78birr/ha, OPUWIS 8.46birr/m3 and 11.60birr/m3, and OPUWC 5.18birr/m3 and 5.26birr/m3, and from the financial indicator GIR was obtained to be 37.2% and 33.5% for Ella and Bossa schemes respectively. From the interviewed farmers the main canal siltation, sedimentation, upstream flooding, downstream scouring, and damage on farmland canals were the utmost stirring physical problems in each scheme. Lack of credit, lack of supply of improved seeds, weakness of WUA, market problem and lack of community participation on construction were the key socio economic problems identified in both schemes. Based on the findings frequent performance assessment of the schemes, capacity building of professionals and irrigators, the design of any small scale irrigation project should consider different aspects of social, cultural and economic aspects of the beneficiaries and implementation of water shade management practices on the upper catchment were the policy recommendations to alleviate the problems identified and improve the performance of the schemes