Water Resource

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    PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM: CASE STUDY OF GORDAMA AREA, ALETA WONDO WOREDA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-10-25) HABTE THOMAS ABRAHAM
    Unplanned water distribution is the key problems of many water authorities in developing countries including Ethiopia. This research was conducted to carry out the assessment of the water distribution network of Gordama area existing water supply system which is located in Aleta Wondo Woreda of Sidama Region of Ethiopia. To examine the hydraulic performance of the water distribution network, water GEMs modeling was adopted. Accordingly, different reviewed reports, percentage of Non-Revenue for water, and discussions with water service personnel were conducted to collect and analyze water losses. The result showed that the current maximum water demand in Gordama is estimated at 5`11.06 m3/day, while small reservoirs capacity and low pump efficiency were observed in the area water distribution networks. According to simulated results; maximum pressure heads were examined 329.39m and 112.78m on conveyance and main distributions lines respectively. But minimum pressure heads were computed 2.30m and 0 m on the two types of lines. Further, the analyzed water losses result in Gordama area indicates that about 19.5% was Non-Revenue Water. However physical and apparent losses contributed small amount as compared with non-revenue loss. Apparent losses cover 8.84% of total loss and 10.66 % was physical losses. Accordingly, for the case of Gordama community non-revenue losses are more significant; Most of residences were not satisfied on the Gordama area. In general, rising in water demand, small capacities of existing infrastructures and large volume of water loss leads to intermittent water distribution in Gordama area water service. Therefore, it is significant to rehabilitate and improve the water distribution system capacities and provide more attention to water losses reduction policies and strategies as appropriate intervention measures.
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    ASSESSMENT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF ADOLA WAYOU TOWN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
    (Hawassa University, 2022-10-21) SOLOMON SEYOUM DAMISSE
    Water distribution systems are designed to fulfill all requirements of water demand needed for decades. Initial system designs frequently consider any anticipated changes likely to happen. However, as times elapsed they slowly begin to fail to satisfy customer’ requirement; both in quantity and quality. This research was conducted by aiming to undertake the assessment of water distribution network of Adola Wayou Town for existing water distribution system which is located southern Oromia region of Ethiopia. The main objective of this research study was to investigate the states of the existing water distribution system by assessing water demand, and water production, hydraulic parameter analysis and water loss and the cause in the distribution system. The research depend on the secondary and primary data which was collected from design document, literature, journals and reports, field observation, interviews and discussion with water utility office to analysis water loss and the cause and water service coverage. The town water distribution network had been analyzed using computer model Water GEMs connected edition under both steady-state and extended period simulation for the present population scenarios. The simulation result of the model for maximum and minimum pressure and velocity was used as the base to analysis the hydraulic performance of the water network during peak hour consumption times and low consumption times. From the analysis result about 11.62% of the nodes have the negative pressure. Additionally, the model output results indicate that about 63 pipe in water network system has the velocity below minimum requirement of 0.6m/s during peak hour consumption time. The total domestic and non-domestic water demand of town was 3421.12m3 /day. From the water produced from the treatment source the non-revenue water in the town water system was considered as 31.93% of distributed water in distribution system. The actual/real water loss share large volume that accounts about, 312,545.2m 3 /year whereas the apparent loss 60,412.79m 3 /year. The finding of the study showed that the service coverage and average connection per family of the town were estimated in the order of 62.65% and 41% respectively. In general the result of the research study of water distribution network system indicates that Adola Wayou Town water utility office under current situation was inefficient. Accordingly it’s required to provide efficient and more reliable water system through pressure zoning, improving pipe size, and planning another water distribution system, giving more attention to water loss reduction police and strategies to reduce the waste actual/real and apparent loss
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    ASSESSMENT WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF WERABE TOWN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM, SNNP, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-10-21) MIFTA SEID HUSSEN
    It's mandatory to assess the hydraulic performance of water supply distribution systems to address water distribution issues in an urban water supply system. This can be accomplished by analyzing the current status of the water distribution system. This study was aimed to analyze the existing water distribution system in Werabe town using WaterGEMS software. WaterGEMS model was used for automated calibration and analyzing the hydraulic parameters of water distribution system. To reduce the difference between measured and predicted pressure, the model was calibrated at the selected nodes within good performance. The result showed that the water supply coverage was low which covers only 69.5%. besides water demand and supply of Werabe town were not balanced. The people used daily water of 41.7 l/day with the billed water amount is 70% of production and 30% water is considered to be non-revenue (NRW). The simulation result of the existing water distribution system showed that, during peak hour demand 27.68% of junction have within the recommended pressure ranges of minimum 15 m and maximum 70 m H2O. The hydraulic performance analysis also revealed that 82.11% and 44.6 % of total pipes have velocity below 0.6m/s at minimum and peak demand respectively. The study concluded that the hydraulic performance of Werabe town water supply distribution system is running below the expected level. Thus, the high pressures in the distribution should be managed by using pressure reducing valves and a low pressure and velocity should be improved by making rehabilitation of existing boreholes, which satisfy the existing peak water demand
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    URBAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ASSESMENT: THE CASE OF ASSOSA TOWN, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2022-10-23) ABEBE AMADO MENTOSEA
    Intermittent water disruption is the key problem of many water authorities in developing countries including Ethiopia. Water demand has been increasing significantly in most cities due to population growth and other factors. As a result, town water utilities are struggling to provide customers with adequate and reliable water supply service despite obstacles that hinder water utilities not to provide the required service. This study assesses the performance of Assosa town water supply system based on main performance indicators namely Demand and supply, water loss, water quality, customer satisfaction, and. operation and maintenance. These indicators have been cited as the main factors, which reflect the performance of many urban water supply systems. High water loss, customer complaints, and operation and maintenance problems indicate that there are deficiencies in the quality of the service. To conduct this research, data of water production and consumption, water supply system data were obtained from the water utility records, other data not found in the water utility records is collected using instruments. Hydraulic performance of the system is also evaluated by modeling the system. Water quality tests were conducted and compared with the national and international standards. Household interviews were made to understand customers’ satisfaction towards the water supply. There is a frequent interruption of boreholes. The water quality test shows some parameters departed from the standard set on the Ethiopian and WHO water quality guidelines. In addition, there is customer’s complaint towards continuous access of water. The operation and maintenance in the town is identified to be poor. In conclusion, the town’s water supply system is poor in managing water loss, water quality, operation and maintenance with the worst condition of continuous generation of water from sources continuously interruption. It is recommended that the water utility develop a strategy and work hard on the indicated system deficiencies especially on operation and maintenance to improve the water supply system performance and provide customers with good quality service
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    INVESTIGATION OF WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE AND WATER LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF WOLKITE TOWN
    (Hawassa University, 2022-04-17) ABDREZAK KEDIR AHMED
    Water consumption has been increasing significantly in most town due to increasing number of population economic development and expansion of towns. This study evaluate the wolkite town water supply system based on the methods used to study was by main performance indicators;- namely demand and supply, water coverage, water production, water consumption, distribution system ,water loss, customers satisfaction and operation and maintenance. To conduct this research, data was collected from primary and secondary source. Data of water production and consumption, some water supply system data were obtained from the water utility records, other data not found in the water utility records is collected using instruments (pressure, coordination .elevation and interviews) others from governmental organization. The Data was analyzed in different methods. The result shows that the annual total was 349,625m3 which accounts of 33% the total water production and higher than the generally accepted value of 25%, the average domestic water production of the town is found to be 26.3 l/per/day, average daily per capita water consumption of the town is 18.61L/person/day, the average connection per family for the entire town is found to be 0.61. This implies that at average two families and or eleven persons are sharing one connection or water tap. From 2019- 2021 the average water demand for town was calculated to be 3,418.3 m 3 /d and the total demands are 6,596.6 m 3 /day. Coverage based on demand in 2021 is 44%. The maximum day demand of the town is 7915.92 m3 /day (91.6 L/s), Peak Hour Demand is 11873.8 m 3 /day (137.4L/S). The main distribution line water does not reach to the town service reservoir because between balancing reservoir and town service reservoir 30 km length away from the town, in this area there is high loss, leakages. Due to this reason shortage of water in the town is series problems. In conclusion, the town’s water supply system is poor in managing water loss, water access, operation and maintenance with the continuous generation of water from sources continuously in to balancing reservoir. It is recommended that the water utility develop a strategy and work hard on the indicate system deficiencies especially on operation and maintenance to improve the water supply system performance and provide customers with good quality service