Animal Production

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/52

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Start date: 2014Subject: search.filters.subject.Agro-ecology

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    ASSESSING THE EGG PRODUCTION AND EGG QUALITY TRAITS OF SASSO CHICKEN BREED REARED UNDER TRADITIONAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICES IN MIDLAND AND LOWLAND AGROECOLOGIES OF ALETA CHUKO DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGION
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) MULATU TEREFE
    This study was conducted to assess egg production and egg quality traits of Sasso chicken breed reared in two agroecologies under traditional management system. For the assessment of the egg production practices, 165 households were purposively selected from lowland and midland agro ecologies who had three and above Sasso chicken. The egg quality traits were assessed from Sasso chicken breed reared by the households in both agro ecologies. A total of 200 eggs were used to determine the external and internal egg quality traits from sampled households. The collected data were analysed by SPSS Version 26. The results indicated that average age at first egg laying(160) days, average clutch length (22.9) and eggs/hen/year(214)were in lowland agroecology. Average age at first egg laying(149) days, average clutch length(23.9) and eggs/hen/year(232) were midland. Agro ecology had highly significant effect on all external egg quality traits except on egg width. Egg weight(57.58g) and egg length(57.46mm) of Sasso chickens was higher(p<0.05) in the lowland than(53.58g) and (55.80mm) in midland. Dry shell weight and shell thickness in the lowland agroecology was higher(p<0.05) than in midland. Shape endex was higher(p<0.05) in the midland than in lowland agro-ecology. Agro-ecology had also highly significant effect on most internal egg quality traits such as: yolk height, albumen height, albumen weight and haugh unit were higher(p<0.05) in lowland than in midland. The yolk ratio in lowland was lower(p<0.05) than in midland agro-ecology. However, albumen ratio was lower(p>0.05) in lowland than in midland agroecology. In conclusion, the Sasso chickens in the midland agroecology were superior in egg production than lowland. However,the Sasso chickens in the lowland agroecology were superior on most external and internal egg quality traits under traditional production system. It is thus recommended to rear the Sasso chicken hens in the midland agroecology for enhanced egg production and lowland for enhanced egg quality traits.
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    ASSESSMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE PRODUCTION PRACTICES, TRADITIONAL MILK PROCESSING, CONSUMPTION AND MARKETING IN MIRAB BADEWACHO DISTRICT OF HADIYYA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA.
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) ADDISE DESTA
    A study was conducted in Mirab Badewacho District of Hadiyya Zone, to assess the dairy cattle production practices, traditional milk processing, consumption and marketing systems in the area. This study was conducted from May2019 up to June, 2020. Five kebeles were selected from the district, two from highland and three from mid-altitude. A total of 138 dairy producers were randomly selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. Formal survey was conducted using structured questionnaire to collect both quantitative and qualitative data on data sets that explore dairy cattle production practices, traditional milk processing, consumption and marketing systems. The major milk production system practiced in the study area was crop livestock mixed production system. The effect of agro-ecology and genotype of dairy cows were used to evaluate milk production and reproductive performances variations. In the study district, an appreciable number of crossbred cows notably Jersey crosses (40.6%), still with (51.4%) local and (8%) HF crossbred cows were raised by dairy cattle milk producers. The cattle herd size of households was within the range 1-4 heads. In farm households who keep mainly local cattle breeds, lactating cows (0.75±0.036) and oxen (0.95±0.055) mainly dominate the herd composition while in case of cross breed (0.57±0.093) and (0.37±0.029) lactating cow and heifer were dominant, respectively. The composition of livestock was higher in midland than highland agro ecology which accounts 4.95TLU compared to 4.66 TLU. The overall mean milk yield obtained were (1.90±0.08) and (5.16±0.12) litres from local and Jersey cross cattle breed, respectively. The average milk off-take of 1.71 and 4.64litres, from local and Jersey cross breed, respectively. The overall average lactation length was 8.71±0.18 months for local cows, while it was 9.7±0.13 months for Jersey crossbreed cows. Overall mean for CI was 19.02±0.24 months for local cows and 15.97±0.17 months for Jersey crossbreed cows. Mean AFC for a local cow was4.57±0.07 years, while Jersey crosses breed cows had 2.98±0.05years. The typical dairy products in the study area were “Hadaro” in local name (culturally made from first two up to three week milked and fermented milk after calving) and “Shiffa” in local name (made culturally from partially churning sour milk. An informal dairy marketing system was the only marketing system in the study district. In general, the market share of whole milk/fermented milk was almost negligible in rural areas of the district, while butter and cheese was comparatively the most marketable commodity in the study area. Lack of improved forage, low milk yield of local cows, and high price of concentrate feed were mentioned by farmers as major constraints of milk production. In general, this study showed that despite the available cattle population and conducive agro-climate for dairy development, the performance of milk production in the study district was low and milk marketing system was undeveloped due to many constraints such as marketing channel, transport access, poor quality of milk and institutional related constraints. Therefore, dairy cattle milk production can be improved by solving constraints such as low milk yield of local cattle’s, feed shortage, health care, general husbandry and milk processing facilities, AI and extension services and developing efficient marketing systems.
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    CURRENT STATUS OF IMPROVED FORAGE PRODUCTION DESSIMINATION, ADOPTION ,AND NUTRITIVE VALUE IN DAMOT GALE DISTRICT, WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA M.Sc. THESIS
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) TUCHO TUMATO
    This study was conducted to assess the improved forage crop production adoption dissemination and farmer’s practices in high land and low lands of Damot gale District, Wolaita zone of Southern Nation Nationalities Peoples Regional State of Ethiopia. The study involved both field observation and household survey with a sample of 133 improved forage producing households; of which 69 were selected from the highlands and 64 from the lowland Agro-ecologies by using simple random sampling technique. The discussants were administered with semi-structured questionnaire on land and livestock holding, purpose of livestock production and improve forages adoption over years. Samples of improved forages were taken for analysis of chemical composition by following standard laboratory procedures. Descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the sample data and Chi-square and T- test were used to compare important parameters between the two agro-ecologies. The survey result indicated that, on average the family size of the households was 8 for high land and 7 for lowland. Average land size in the high land was 0.81±0.09ha and that of the low land was 1±0.09ha. The Overall cattle holding in the highland was 3.05± while the low land was 2.74±0.4. Purposes of cattle keeping were for milk sale, milk and meat for home consumption, financial security and income sources. The major improved forages available in the study area desho grass elephant grass Guatemala grass Rhoades pigeon pea and Sesbania were available. The majority of the interviewed households practice crop land and produce cultivated improved forages such as elephant grass, desho grass and Guatemala grass. Among improved forages, the highest CP content (34.02%) CP was obtained for Sesbania whereas the lowest CP (11.46%) was obtained from Elephant grass and also Sesbania had the highest (P<0.05) IVDMD Farmers produce improved forages which have better nutritive values such desho grass, pigeon pea, oat, Rhodes grass, Sesbania, elephant grass, and Desmodium. Lack of sufficient land along with poor forage seed supply and high seasonal fluctuation of rain fall are among factors influencing forage seed production. Although it is to a very little, farmers started adopting different coping mechanisms such as purchasing improved forages, use of crop residues, conservation of feed available during wet season and area enclosures. Smallholder farmers would produce improved forages following recommended forage development strategies at back yard, inter cropping food or fodder crops stock exclusion areas and alley cropping in both wet and dry seasons and agro ecologies to mitigate climate change risks and improve livestock productivity which in turn contributes for household food security.
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    ASSESSMENT OF BUTTER PRODUCTION, CONSUMER AND MARKET PREFERENCES, QUALITY AND PRICES IN KINDDO DIDAYE OF WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) AMANUEL ELIAS LOTA
    The study was conducted at Kinddo Didaye district, Wolaita zone southern Ethiopia with the objective of assessing butter production, consumer and market preferences, quality and prices in the area. Based on data collected between April to July 2019. The effect of agro ecology on butter production was analyzed. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select representative kebeles and households from Kinddo Didaye district. To conduct the study, one sample district (Kinddo Didaye) was purposively based on dairy cow potentiality and butter production. Six kebeles were selected in total (three from midland and three kebeles from lowland). 138 butter producing households were purposively selected based on dairy cow production and butter production from the study district. Besides this different 40 retailers, 10 butter shops and 50 consumers were interviewed. Local cattle are the most dominant milking cows were kept by all six kebeles. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, involving household survey. Thus, all (100%) of the respondents were reported that clay pot churn is tool used for butter making. For washing and smoking milk equipments, plant leaves such as Ocimum hardiense (68.1%) and Cymbopogan martini (23.9%) were mostly used in both agro-ecologies. For butter averagely 3.0±0.12 and 2.91±0.01 volume of milk churned at a time in both lowland and midland agro-ecologies respectively. In addition, 17.92±0.13 and 15.04±0.09 liters of milk in both lowland and midland agro-ecologies respectively were used to produce 1kg of butter. Retailers and consumers got quality butter from producer; The destinations of the butter were to different areas in the country, mainly Wolaita Soddo, Hawassa, Addis Abeba and others. All assembler/butter shops sell butter by their shops. Consumers report shows that the quality attributes of butter preferable by consumers were 44% flavor, 32% texture, 20% color and remaining 4% fermentation in study district. The price of butter rise during holy days, non-fasting period and dry season. The challenges of butter production in the area were feed shortage, shortage of grazing area, dry season, price fluctuation and fasting season. The major type of adulteration that reported by consumers were 62.5% banana and 37.5% ‘shenolega’ in the study area