Animal Production
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Item FATTENING PRACTICES FEED RESOURCES AND MARKETING SYSTEM OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN PERI-URBAN AND URBAN AREA OF DODOLA TOWN, WEST-ARSI, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2025) GAMADA KARICHO CHAWICHAThe study was conducted in peri-urban and urban areas of Dodola town in Dodola woreda, West Arsi Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, with the objectives of identifying and generating comprehensive information on fattening practices, feed resources, and marketing system of small ruminants. The study is composed of two parts; a Survey part and Laboratory analysis part. For the survey parts, a total of 147 respondents were randomly selected from four purposively selected kebeles. The closed and open-ended questionnaire were used for collecting quantitative and qualitative data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS, version 26 software. Independent sample T-test means comparison was employed for quantitative data. The index was computed for the ranked data. The overall average land holding of the respondents was 1.8±0.2 hectares, out of which 1.6±0.1 hectare was allocated for crop production. Livelihood of the society was highly depended on crop production (61.2%), followed by mixed crop and livestock production (22.4%). The major purpose of small ruminant fattening was to generate income (44.90%), however fattening practice held was a traditional system (85.71), with a low (3.2±0.1) average number of fattened sheep and/or goats per fattening cycles. Available feed resources were seasonal based, thus natural pasture (59.18%) and crop residues (61.22%) were used during wet and dry season, respectively. Improved forage production and utilization as well as urea treatment was not adopted in the study areas. Free grazing (71.43%) was dominant feeding system in the study areas. For the laboratory part; Totally 11 feed samples were taken for laboratory analysis. Six feed samples from both peri urban and urban, three feed samples from urban, and two feed samples from peri-urban area. The average (Mean ± SE) chemical composition (DM, CP, EE, Ash, NDF, ADF and ADL) of feed resources were determined on DM basis. The actual dry matter contents of selected feed types were ranged between 33.9±0.4 of mixed grass in peri-urban area to 86.8±0.1 of screened barley by-product in urban area. The highest (28.6±0.0) CP content was recorded in linseed cake, whereas crop residues contain low (3.2±0.1-4.7±0.0 of barley straw and 3.8±0.0-4.5±0.0 of wheat straw) CP contents in current study area. On the other hand, crop residues contain high content of NDF, ADF and ADL than other feed types selected in current study area. Small ruminants marketing in study area was seasonal, where target markets (71.4%) were used for selling. Producers-small traders (58.50%) selling was identified as the main market channel, with high number of small traders (67.35%) as market actors. Decline in grazing land, feed shortage and disease and parasite were the top three challenges, whereas small starting budget, increased price and high market demand were ranked as 1st, 2nd and 3rd opportunities of small ruminants fattening in current study areas.Item FEED RESOURCES AND FEEDING PRACTICES OF DAIRY CATTLE IN DALE AND WONDOGENT DISTRICTS OF SIDAMA REGION.(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) MISHAME ALEMAYEHU W/ABA study was conducted in Dale and Wondo Genet districts of Sidama region to assess feed resources and feeding practices of dairy Cattle. Household survey using structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, field observations and laboratory analyses were applied to generate the data. Feed samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents and for determination of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Purposive sampling was used to select the respondents. A total of 140 respondents (Dale = 80 and Wondo Genet = 60) were purposely selected based on dairy cattle production potential and interviewed individually. The results indicated shortage of feed and land were the major dairy cattle production constraints in both districts of the area. The major feed resources available in the dry season include crop residues 37.1%, hay 25.1% and natural pasture 19.3%, whereas in wet season, 33.6% of the respondents feed their dairy cattle natural pasture, forage and pastures, non-conventional feed resources. Rotational grazing system was practiced highly on communal and private grazing land. The major crop residue used for dairy cattle feeding in both districts were maize stover, haricot bean straw, sugarcane tops, enset pseudo-stem and leaf and bean straws. Majority (85.7%) of respondents were utilizing crop residue for dairy cattle feeding in the study area. The major challenge of using crop residues was the collection and transportation of crop residues from crop land and storage. Private and communal grazing land and also cultivated land boundaries were the major sources of hay production. Desho grass, Elephant grass, Guatemala grass, Phalaris species, Rhodes grass, cow pea and pigeon pea were improved forage cultivated by the farmers in both districts and they can get seeds from government agricultural sectors and NGO. Land and seeds shortage were challenging improved forage production the study area. Residues of coffee, enset by products and banana pseudo-stem and leaf were used mostly as non-conventional feed in Dale district whereas banana pseudo-stem and leaf, enset by products and coffee residues were majorly practiced in Wondo Genet districts as non-conventional feed. Crop residues, purchased concentrate feeds and forage/green leaf and reduction of cattle were used to alleviate feed shortage in both study districts. Most of respondents were providing chopped crop residue for their animals. The highest crude protein contents were found in enset leaf (12.2%) than others feed types. The NDF content of most feed resources across districts was less than 65% and can be categorized as medium quality feeds. Development of improved forages integrated with the dominant farming system, efficient conservation and utilization of crop residue via different treatment options and maximizing the productivity of available individual and communal grazing pasture land using established improved technologies needs attention.