Animal Production

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    THE EFFECT OF PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF NOUG SEED CAKE WITH CASSAVA (Manihot escutulata C.) LEAF MEAL ON FEED INTAKE, GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF ROSS 308 BROILER CHICKENS
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2017) MENGISTU MASEBO LAMBEBO
    The effect of dietary inclusion of cassava leaf meal (CLM) on feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing Ross 308 chickens was investigated at the poultry farm of the School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University. The leaves were collected from Hawassa Research center and were sundried and ground to make leaf meal. Five treatment diets were formulated to contain 0% (Treatment 1, T1), 2% (Treatment 2, T2), 4% (Treatment 3, T3), 6% (Treatment 4, T4) and 8% (Treatment 5, T5) of CLM, which was incorporated in the diet as partial substitution of Noug seed cake. After two weeks of brooding, 240 unsexed broiler chicks were weighed and randomly allocated to the dietary treatments with four replicates of 12 chickens each totaling 48 chickens per treatment. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks, during which feed intake and body weight were assessed on daily and weekly basis, respectively. At the end of the experiment, two chickens (male and female) chick per replicate of each treatment whose body weight was nearly similar to those of average of treatment were randomly selected, fastened overnight, weighed and slaughtered for the determination of carcass parameters. The results indicated that the feed intake (g/chicken/day) was 80.9, 80.4, 80.9, 77.0 and 74.0 for chickens fed with T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively being significantly higher for those of T1, T2 and T3 than T4 and T5. The crude fiber intake was (p<0.05) higher for those chickens reared in T1 and T2 diets. Chickens reared in T1, T2 and T3 diets had significantly higher body weight and total weight gain values than those of T4 and T5. No significance difference was observed in body weight between chickens reared in T1, T2 and T3. The body weight and weight gain parameters were significantly higher for those chickens reared in T4 than those of T5. There was no significance difference in feed conversion ratio between treatment diets. Chickens reared in T1 had significantly higher (p< 0.0001) slaughter weight and dressed carcass than those of other treatments. The values for dressing percentage, and drumsticks were (p< 0.0001) higher in chickens reared in T1 and T2 diets than those fed of T4 and T5. Chickens fed on T1, T2 and T3 had significantly higher values for thigh and wing as compared with those reared in other treatments. The interaction effects of sex by treatment was significant for breast, drumstick, back, gizzard and skin while it was insignificant for other carcass components. Male chickens had significantly higher carcass component values than females. The results of the current study revealed that the inclusion of cassava leaf meal up to 4% in broiler diet could be an alternative feeding strategy by partially substituting Noug seed cake
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    EFFECT OF MI’AWA MINERAL SOIL SUPPLEMENTATION ON FEED INTAKE, WEIGHT CHANGE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK HEAD SOMALI SHEEP
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) SEAD TAHA MUSA
    A study was conducted to determine mineral composition of Mi’awa mineral soil and evaluate the effect Mi’awa supplementation on feed intake, weight gain and carcass characteristics of Black Head Somali Sheep, using 25 yearling Black head Somali sheep with initial body weight of 17.98 ±1.82 kg (mean ±SD). Sheep were blocked in to five blocks based on their initial weight and assigned to one of the five treatments randomly making 5 animals per treatment. Experimental diet consisting of natural pasture hay ad libitum, 300g concentrate (65 % of wheat bran, and 35 % of linseed cake) and Mi’awa mineral soil supplemented at level of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of concentrate feed representing treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Feeding trial was continued for 90 days and data on feed intake and body weight change were collected. At the end of the feeding trial, 3 sheep from each treatment were slaughtered for determination of carcass characteristics. The mineral contents of Mi’awa mineral soil were found to be 2.68% sodium, 1.3% calcium, 0.03% potassium, 0.001% phosphorus, 0.14% magnesium, 156.2 ppm Iron, 2.84 ppm copper, 0.57 ppm zinc and 60.74 ppm manganes. The total DM intake of the experimental sheep was highest (P < 0.05) for those supplemented with 8% Mi’awa (T5) whereas the lowest was in the unsupplemented group (T1). The sheep supplemented with 6% and 8% Mi’awa (T4 and T5) had higher (P<0.05) average daily weight gain than animals in T1. Sheep supplemented with 8% Mi’awa mineral soil (T5) had significantly (P<0.05) higher feed conversion efficiency as compared to other treatment in order of T1=T2
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    EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF KOCHO FOR MAIZE ON FEED INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, AND BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF SHEEP FED RHODES GRASS HAY AS BASAL DIET
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2014) AMAN GETISO
    A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution of kocho for maize on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight gain of sheep supplemented Rhodes grass hay as basal diet. Twenty four yearling male Adilo lambs with initial body weights of 15.03 ±1.96 kg (mean ± SD) were used. Animals were grouped into six blocks of four animals, and fed with 74% maize + 25%noug cake + 1% salt (T1), 46.25% maize + 27.75% kocho + 25% noug cake + 1%slt (T2), 27.75% maize + 46.25% kocho + 25% noug cake + 1% salt (T3), and 74% kocho + 25%noug cake + 1% salt (T4). Rhodes grass hay was offered as a basal diet ad libitum. The supplements were offered at the rate of 300 g/d during the feeding and digestibility trials of 72 and 7 days, respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent and Metabolizable energy intake, dry matter and organic matter digestibility and weight gain among treatments. Lambs in T1 had the highest (P < 0.05) CP intake (49.03 g/d) followed by T2, T3 and T4 with 42.85, 39.35 and 33.50 g/d, respectively. Nitrogen intake was lowest (p<0.05) for sheep fed T4 and highest (P<0.05) for sheep fed T1, T2 and T3 diets which had comparable values among themselves. The highest (P<0.05) N retention was for T2 and the lowest (P<0.05) was for T1 and T4, while T3 had an intermediate value. The study conducted inferred that kocho can replace maize without any unfavorable effect on nutrient intake, digestibility and weight gain. It was concluded that kocho could be used as an alternative good energy source to replace maize in areas where its economic advantages are practicable.