Departments of Chemistry

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    PREPARATION OF BIOSORBENTS FROM JATROPHA CURCAS LEAF FOR THE REMOVAL OF MALCHITE GREEN FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
    (Hawassa University, 2024-10) AYUB HAJI
    Malachite green used in textile and dyeing industries is a common persistent pollutant in wastewater and the environment causing major hazards to human health and aquatic organisms. The main objective of the study was to prepare biosorbent from Jatropha curcas leaf for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solution. Biosorbent was prepared from Jatropha curcas leaf using chemical activation method. Characterization techniques including FTIR and SEM analysis of biosorbent was evaluated. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of phenols, aromatic compound, lignin, ketone and aldehyde on biosorbent surface and after adsorption spectra revealed the great interaction of malachite green with the surface functional group of biosorbent. SEM analysis revealed that biosorbent was irregular, porous and heterogeneous, and after adsorption shows that great affinity of malachite green on the surface of biosorbent. The removal percentage and adsorption capacities of malachite green from aqueous solution was 99.6% and 49.8 mg/g was obtained at optimal condition of pH 8, 10 mg/L of initial concentration, 0.2 g/L of adsorbent dosage, 90 minutes of contact time and 45 . Freundlich model was best fit for removal of malachite green from aqueous solution than Langmuir due to its higher correlation coefficients and lower mean standard error (MSE) (R 2 : 0.99993, MSE:0.000055). Pseudo second order was well fitted for the adsorption of malachite green from aqueous solution than pseudo first order due to its higher coefficients and lower sum square error (SSE) (R2 :0.99999, SSE: 0.000051). Thermodynamic analysis presented that the adsorption process of malachite green from aqueous solution was employed spontaneous process and endothermic reaction. These findings suggest that the use of biosorbent prepared from Jatropha curcus was cost-effective for the removal of malachite green from contaminated environment.
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    REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE DYES FROMAQUEOS SOLUTIONBYUSING ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROMSTEMPARTOFCROTON MACROSTACHYUS (BISANA)
    (Hawassa University, 2024-10) HUSSIEN MAMA MIDASSO
    In this study activated carbon was prepared from Stem part of Croton macrostachyus andutilizedas adsorbent to study its adsorption ef iciency towards removal of Methylene blue dye fromaqueoussolution. The AC was prepared by acid treatment and calcinated in muf le furnace at dif erenttemperature ranging from 400 0C to 700 0C. The prepared AC was characterized by usingFT-IRandscanning electron microscope (SEM).FT-IR results showed that dif erent functional groupslikehydroxyl, aldehydes, and carbon-carbon double bond functional groups were observed at dif erentwave numbers. The amount of MB dyes adsorbed was determined using UV-Vis spectrometeryat itsλ max of 664 nm. It was found that the adsorption of MB on adsorbent obeys the Langmuiradsorption isotherms. The Values of the equilibrium parameter ‘RL’ from the Langmuir isothermwas0.040. These results confirmed that the adsorption process of MB dye on the preparedActivatedcarbon is favorable.The ef ects of some working parameters like pH, dye initial concentration, temperature and contact time on the adsorption of MB dyes were also studied. The optimumconditions were maximum removal ef iciency occur was at dose of 0.1 gram, initial concentrationof10 ppm, contact time of 90 minutes, pH of 8 and temperature of 45 0C. The dye adsorptionwas foundto decrease with increasing initial dye concentration and the percentage removal of the dyeandtheamount adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent both showed significant increase with increaseintemperature up to 45 oC. The ef ect of contact time on the percent removal of MBdyeshowedincreasing trend as the reaction time increase. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kineticmodel fits better with good correlation coef icient and the equilibrium data fitted well withlangmuirmodel.
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    REMOVAL OF SELECTED TRACE METALS FROM WASTE WATER USING SOURSOP (ANNONA MURICATA L.) SEED
    (Hawassa University, 2025-03) WONDIMAGEGN BIRHANU
    The effective removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater is among the most important issues for many industrialized countries. Removal of lead (II), nickel (Ni) and copper (II) from aqueous solutions were studied using adsorbent prepared from soursop (annonamuricata l. Seed. The surface groups present on the adsorbrnt surface were determined by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH, contact time, initial concentration, temperature and adsorbent dose. The optimum pH required for maximum adsorption was found to be 6,6 and 5 for lead (II), nickel (Ni) and copper (II) respectively. The maximum contact time for the equilibrium condition is 90 min at the sorbent dose rate of 0.16 g. The maximum efficiencies of lead, Nickel and copper removal by adsorbent were 92%, 93 % and 94 %, respectively. Thermodynamic investigation stated endothermic and spontaneous nature of the system with the participation of a chemical adsorption process. Equilibrium data were represented better by the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model by which describes multilayer adsorptions. The linear regression analysis of kinetic data confirmed that pseudo-second order rate expression.