Departments of Chemistry

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    A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND MINERAL CONTENT IN COW AND CAMEL MILK FROM AGA WAYU DISTRICT, GUJI ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2025-06) DINAOL BAYU
    This study aims to analyze and compare the physicochemical properties and mineral composition of cow’s and camel’s milk. Milk samples were collected from the Aga Wayu district in the Guji zone of the Oromia region, Ethiopia, using a proportional random sampling method. The physicochemical parameters analyzed included pH, titratable acidity, ash content, specific gravity, protein content, fat content, moisture content, total solids, and boiling point. Additionally, the concentrations of selected minerals (phosphorus, sodium, calcium, and potassium) were measured. The results showed that cow’s and camel’s milk exhibited similar physicochemical properties, with comparable pH (5.8 ± 0.5), titrateble acidity (0.20 ± 0.01), ash content (0.84 ± 0.12%), specific gravity (1.04 ± 0.11), protein content (3.32 ± 0.43%)for cow, fat content (3.6 ± 0.48%) and boiling point (92.66°C)for camel. The concentrations of sodium (3.63 ± 1.23 mg/L) and phosphorus (2.43 ± 0.39 mg/L) were also similar in both types of milk. However, cow’s milk had higher moisture content (85.13 ± 2.65%) and calcium levels (22.44 ± 2.41 mg/L) compared to camel’s milk, which had lower moisture (82.83 ± 1.22%) and calcium (17.07 ± 1.38 mg/L). Conversely, camel’s milk contained higher total solids (18.26 ± 0.50%) than cow’s milk (14.82 ± 2.11%). In conclusion, camel’s milk was found to have higher protein and lactose content than cows’s milk, while cow’s milk had a greater fat content. These findings highlight the distinct nutritional profiles of the two types of milk, which may have implications for their dietary applications.
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    DETERMINATION OF SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DRINKING WATER IN ANASORA DISTRICT, GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATES, ETHIOPIA
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-10) DEREJE JANBOARARSO
    Drinking water should be free unwanted constituent, contaminant, or impurity and fulfil quality requirements (desirable and permissible limits) recommended national and international organizations. This study was done to determine the levels of selected physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total hardness, Total Alkality, and chloride), and minerals such as (Ca, Mg ,Cr and Pb), trace elements (Cu, Mn, Ni, and Co) in drinking ground water samples sampled from selected Kebeles such as Bube Korsa, Hiyo Komele, and Irba Buliyo of Ana Sora district, Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and TDS were measured using an AD8000 pH/mV/EC/TDS/Temp meter; TH, TA, and chloride were determined by titration method, while the mineral content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The average values of the physicochemical parameters investigated in this study were found to be in the range: temperature (20.8 – 23.1) °C, EC (3.7 – 23.7) 𝜇S/cm, TDS (8.5 – 12.8) mg/L, TH (14.7 – 42.4) mg/L, TA (23.3 – 38.3) mg/L and chloride (2.3 – 3.8) mg/L. The average concentrations of the minerals were found to be in the range of temperature: Ca (2.32 – 9.62) mg/L, Mg (11.9 –24.6) mg/L, and Cu (0.13 – 0.30) mg/L. Metals such as Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, and Pb were found to be below the detection limit of the instrument. The accuracy of the method of recovery experiment the analysis was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples. The recoveries of the metal were in the range of 96.0to 110.0%.OneWay-ANOVA analysis showed that there were significant variations (p < 0.05) in the physicochemical parameters and metals investigated among the drinking groundwater samples. However, all the values of the physicochemical parameters investigated were found to be within the acceptable standard specified in Compulsory Ethiopian Drinking Water Specifications. Therefore, the drinking ground water supplied to the community in Ana Sora district was deemed to be safe for human consumption according to the selected parameter and, mineral set as standard.