Departments of Chemistry

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    DETERMINATION OF SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DRINKING WATER IN ANASORA DISTRICT, GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATES, ETHIOPIA
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-10) DEREJE JANBOARARSO
    Drinking water should be free unwanted constituent, contaminant, or impurity and fulfil quality requirements (desirable and permissible limits) recommended national and international organizations. This study was done to determine the levels of selected physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total hardness, Total Alkality, and chloride), and minerals such as (Ca, Mg ,Cr and Pb), trace elements (Cu, Mn, Ni, and Co) in drinking ground water samples sampled from selected Kebeles such as Bube Korsa, Hiyo Komele, and Irba Buliyo of Ana Sora district, Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and TDS were measured using an AD8000 pH/mV/EC/TDS/Temp meter; TH, TA, and chloride were determined by titration method, while the mineral content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The average values of the physicochemical parameters investigated in this study were found to be in the range: temperature (20.8 – 23.1) °C, EC (3.7 – 23.7) 𝜇S/cm, TDS (8.5 – 12.8) mg/L, TH (14.7 – 42.4) mg/L, TA (23.3 – 38.3) mg/L and chloride (2.3 – 3.8) mg/L. The average concentrations of the minerals were found to be in the range of temperature: Ca (2.32 – 9.62) mg/L, Mg (11.9 –24.6) mg/L, and Cu (0.13 – 0.30) mg/L. Metals such as Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, and Pb were found to be below the detection limit of the instrument. The accuracy of the method of recovery experiment the analysis was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples. The recoveries of the metal were in the range of 96.0to 110.0%.OneWay-ANOVA analysis showed that there were significant variations (p < 0.05) in the physicochemical parameters and metals investigated among the drinking groundwater samples. However, all the values of the physicochemical parameters investigated were found to be within the acceptable standard specified in Compulsory Ethiopian Drinking Water Specifications. Therefore, the drinking ground water supplied to the community in Ana Sora district was deemed to be safe for human consumption according to the selected parameter and, mineral set as standard.
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    ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF RAW COW’S MILK COLLECTED FROM MILK PRODUCER IN HAWASSA, SIDAMMA REGION, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2025-03) ASHENAFI LORENSO
    Milk is a wholesome food as it contains various nutrients. Milk should be free from contaminants and adulterant materials that can directly or indirectly affect the consumer‘s health. It is, therefore, necessary to check the safety and quality of milk available in the domestic market. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the levels of selected physicochemical quality parameters and metals in raw cow‘s milk samples collected from milk producer, in Hawassa city, Sidamma Region, Ethiopia. The determination of fat, Solids-Non-Fat, milk density and added water to milk were carried out using EKOMILK Ultrasonic Milk Analyzer, in Hawassa University, and the total moisture and total ash content in raw cow milk samples were done using the Gravimetric Method. The values of total protein, total solids, and lactose content of the raw cow‘s milk samples were calculated using formulae that used the measured value of Solids-NonFat, while the metal content were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The average values of the physicochemical parameters investigated in this study were found to be in the range pH (6.59–6.73), water added (5.54–10.33)%, density (1.023–1.029) g/mL, titratable acidity (0.153–0.213)%, total solids (10.566–13.800)%, total ash (0.603–0.636)%, Solids-not-fat (SNF) (7.266–7.666)%, total fat (3.266– 6.230)%, total protein (2.666–2.813)%, and lactose (3.996– 4.216)%. The average concentrations of the metals were found to be in the range Ca (1124.770–1505.110) mg/L, Mg (102.330–109.000) mg/L, Cu (0.0536–0.0817) mg/L and Mn (0.052–0.072). Metals such as Ni, Co, Cr, and Pb were found to be below the detection limit of the instrument. The accuracy of the method of the analysis was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples and the recoveries of the metal were in the range of 99.810– 104.220%. One-Way-ANOVA analysis showed that there were significant variations (p < 0.05) in the physicochemical quality parameters, and metal content except for total ash, solids-non-fat, total protein, and lactose among the raw cow‘s milk samples. In general, pH, specific gravity, titratable acidity, total ash, and lactose were found to be within the maximum permitted level set by Ethiopian Standard, and EU guidelines, while total fat, total protein, and solid-not-fat were found to be below the recommended limits.