College of Agriculture

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The College of Agriculture is committed to advancing agricultural education, research, and community service. It serves as a center for knowledge creation and dissemination in crop science, animal production, natural resource management, and sustainable agriculture.

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Growth

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    RESPONSE OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) TO PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS RATES AT KECHI, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2024) ANDUALEM BEZULA
    Wheat is the most significant cereal and staple crop. However, the primary obstacles to output and productivity are the depletion of soil nutrients and the improper application of fertilizers. Therefore, this experiment was conducted at Kechi, South West Ethiopia, to evaluate the growth and yield response of wheat to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application rates during the 2023 main cropping season. The experiment comprised 12 treatment combinations with four rates of phosphorus (P) (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and three rates of potassium (K) (0, 30, and 60 kg/ha) in the form of triple superphosphate (TSP) and murate of potash (KCl), respectively. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times per treatment. Data were collected on crop phenology, growth, yield, and yield components. The collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis software version 9.2.The outcome showed that the primary effects of potassium and phosphorus had a considerable effect on the harvest index and the number of productive tillers. The interaction effect of phosphorus and potassium had a substantial effect on the following parameters: days to heading, days to physiological maturity, plant height, and total tiller number, number of grains per spike, thousand seed weight, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and straw yield. Furthermore, 20 kg/ha P and 30 kg/ha K fertilizer application rates provided the maximum grain production (4350 kg/ha). The economic analysis also indicates that a net benefit of 229,815 ETB/ha and a marginal rate of return of 1783.1% were achieved from 20 kg/ha P and 30 kg/ha K combination. As a result, this combination can be suggested to raise wheat's grain production. However, since this experiment was conducted in a single season and at one site, repeating over seasons and locations will be required to come up with a plausible recommendation.
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    EFFECTS OF BLENDED NPS FERTILIZER RATES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETIES IN GORCHE DISTRICT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) TAMIRU ELIAS YETERA
    Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop in the southern highland of Ethiopia; however, its yield is low due to low productivity of farmers cultivar in use and a decline in soil fertility due to nutrient depletion. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of blended NPS fertilizer rates on the growth, yield, and yield components of bread wheat varieties and their economic viability in the Gorche district of the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia, during the main cropping season of 2021. The factors studied consist of four fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg NPS ha-1 ), and three bread wheat varieties (Wane, Kingbird, and Hidase). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with a factorial arrangement with three replications. Days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of tillers, spike length, straw yield, number of kernels per spike, grain yield, and 1000 seed weight were significantly affected by both fertilizer rate and varieties, but their interactions were not significant. From the results of this study, a higher grain yield of 2884.4 kg ha-1 was obtained from the Hidase variety. Likewise, a higher grain yield (3363.0 kg ha-1) was obtained from 150 kg NPS ha-1 . However, the bread wheat yield obtained at NPS rates 100 and 150 kg ha-1 did not show statistically significant differences with each other. Moreover, the Hidase variety at 100 kg ha-1 NPS rate was found to be superior in terms of economic viability. Therefore, the Hidase variety and application of 100 kg NPS ha-1 were recommended for the study area. However, as the experiment was conducted only for a single season, the repeat of the study is suggested for more seasons around the Gorche area and similar agroecology.
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    EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L) VARIETIES AT SHESHEMENE DISTRICT, WEST ARSI ZONE IN OROMIA REGIONAL STATE.
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) JEMILA MENGISTU
    Wheat is among important cereal crops produced by many farmerrs in Ethiopia, having a great nutritional and economic importance. However its productivity has been constrained due to various biotic and abiotic factors. An experiment was conducted at Farmers’ Training Centre of Sheshemene, West Arisi zone of Oromia Region in Ethiopia in 2021 main cropping season, to study the response of different wheat varieties to various row spacing. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with Factorial Arrangement having four replications. Four varieties of Bread wheat (Shorma, Pavon 76, Ogolcho and King bird) and three row spacing (15, 25 and 35 cm) were studied during the course of study. The interaction effect of variety and row spacing were not significant in yield, plant height and harvesting index and characters studied. The effects of row spacing was not significant either on number of tillers, spike length and days to maturity. However, the effect of row spacing was significant (P<0.05) on harvest index, ,number of seeds per spike, thousand seed weight ,plant height, total biomass weight, days to heading and grain yield. For each trait the maximum value was obtained at row spacing of 15 cm. The effect of variety was significant on all parameters . Variety shorma had the maximum values in number of tillers(10.2), plant height (81.8 cm), total biomass weight (4.39g), grain yield (4405 kg/ha), spike length (7.32cm), number of seeds per spike (57.0kg), and thousand seed weight (37.5 gram). The use of Variety Shorma on spacings of 15cm can be recommended for production of bread wheat for the study area and other areas with similar agro ecologies.Based on reaserch finding15cm spacing gives highire yield with variety shorma .Therfore the effect of row spacin on yield and yield component of bread wheat varieties need father reaserch.
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    RESPONSE OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARIETIES TO DIFFERENT RATES OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AT NEGELLE BORENA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) GADISA BEYENE FUFA
    Even though its production and demand is highly increasing in Ethiopia due to its fast maturity and nutritional value, Common bean productivity is constrained by soil phosphorus along with proper use of variety. In view of this problem, a field experiment was conducted at Negelle Borena, Southern Ethiopia under rain fed in 2020 cropping season to determine the optimum phosphorus rate needed to get the highest and economically feasible yield of Common bean variety. The experiment was designed in factorial combinations of five levels of Phosphorus (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg ha-1 ) and three haricot bean variety (Hawassa Dume, Omo-95 and Nassir) in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data on days to flowering, days to maturity, number of nodules plant-1 , number of leaves plant-1 , plant height, number of primary branches plant-1 , number of pod plant-1 , number of seed pod-1 , hundred seed weight, above ground biomass, grain yield and harvest index were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software. The results revealed that both P rates and common bean variety had significant effect on days to flowering, days to maturity, number of leaves plant-1 , number of primary branches plant-1 , number of pods plant-1 , number of seeds pod-1 , total above ground biomass, hundred seed weight and grain yield.The interaction effect of phosphorus fertilizer rate and Common bean variety significantly influenced total of nodule number and effective nodules number plant-1 . All parameters tested were positively correlated except days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and leaves number plant-1 was Negatively correlated but plant height was not siginificant with grain yield . The highest grain yield (2.38 tons ha-1 and 2.11 tons ha-1 ) was recorded from 46 kg P ha-1 rate and Hawassa Dume Common Beanvariety, respectively.The highest net return (37,630 ETB ha1 ) with acceptable marginal rate return (1140.54 %) was obtained from Hawassa Dume variety with 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 application. This implies that the growers at the study area can get additional benefit of 11.4054 ETB for every 1 ETB expense by this treatment, followed by Hawassa Dume variety with 23 P2O5 kg ha-1 supply having a net return of 27,080ETB ha-1 . The lowest net economic return was recorded in the Omo-95 variety with zero-P application (17,550Birr ha-1 ). Thus, it can be concluded that application of 46 kg P ha1 and Hawassa dume haricot bean variety were found superior both in productivity and economically at Negelle Borena area.