College of Agriculture

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The College of Agriculture is committed to advancing agricultural education, research, and community service. It serves as a center for knowledge creation and dissemination in crop science, animal production, natural resource management, and sustainable agriculture.

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    SURVEY OF CHICKPEA WILT IN NORTH SHEWA ZONE, NORTH EASTERN ETHIOPIA AND EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA VARIETIES AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) ATSIYA DEBRNA WAYU WOREDA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) BASAZIN DEMISS
    Chickpea is an important source of human food and animal feed and is grown in many parts of the world including Ethiopia. Chickpea production is constrained by several biotic and abiotic factors. Chickpea wilt disease is among the major constrains of chickpea in Ethiopia. Presently the information on the status of Chickpea wilts disease and reaction of chickpea varieties to the disease in the study area is lacking. Therefore the present study was conducted with the main objective of determining the status of Chickpea wilt disease at selected woredas of North Shewa Zone, North Eastern Ethiopia and to evaluate chickpea varieties for their reaction against the disease. The survey was conducted at chickpea potential production woredas (Moretna Jiru, Ensaro, Mojana Wedera and Siyadebrna Wayu) during 2018/2019 cropping season. The field data (disease incidence and prevalence)were collected by using simple random sampling technique from farmers’ and research fields. The pathogen was isolated from chickpea plants showing typical wilting symptoms. Pathogenicityof Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceris was confirmed by root dipping inoculation technique in pots under plastic greenhouse condition by using susceptible variety kassech. Seven chickpea varieties were evaluated against Fusarium wilt reaction at Siyadebrna Wayu woredas naturally infested field. The design used for this experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) under field condition with three replications. Both incidence and severity data was taken from the field experiment. Chickpea Fusarium wilt incidence was recorded three weeks after sowing while severity data was taken for four consecutive weeks starting from three weeks after sowing. Disease prevalence of 100, 95, 90 and 85% were recorded in Siyadebrna Wayu, Ensaro, Mojana Wedera and Moretna Jiru woredas, respectively. While the percent disease incidence of four selected Woredaswere Ensaro (30.4%), Moretna Jiru (32.25%), Siyadebrna Wayu (36.55%) and Mojana Wedera (27.8%). The fungal mycelia of the isolates were smooth, white in color and, abundant on PDA. The macro conidia were falcate shaped i.e. straight to slightly curved with 3 septation, While the micro conidia was oval shaped. Based on these the pathogen was identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. The re-isolated fungus was confirmed to be Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. ciceris in order to full filling the requirement for Koch’s postulates by pathogenicity test. From the tested varieties Minijar, Yelbe and Kassech were relatively susceptible, the check variety Kutaye was relatively moderately resistant (tolerant) and Natoli, Mastewal and Areriti were relatively resistant. Based on the findings of the present study, the chickpea varieties, Natoli, Mastewal and Areriti are relatively resistance and can be recommended for the farmers in the study area since they perform better than the control.it is essential to do further research on molecular identification of the fungus associated with chickpea wilt.
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    DETECTION OF VIRULENCES AND EVALUATION OF WHEAT LINES (Triticum spp.) FOR RESISTANT TO STRIPE , LEAF AND STEM RUST (Puccinia spp.) IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EAST ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2017) TAMIRAT NEGASH GURE
    Wheat rusts caused by Puccinia spp. are among the major biotic constraints of wheat production all over the world, including in Ethiopia. Nowadays different virulent races of stem, yellow and also leaf rust have evolved and threaten wheat production worldwide across all the wheat belt, among which Ethiopia is the most vulnerable. In view of the above facts, the present investigation was carried out to detect the prevailing virulent races, to identify resistance wheat lines and resistance genes to triple rusts in central and south eastern parts of the country. An inventory of 93 wheat lines and checks was made for triple rusts resistance under field conditions of Sinana and Debrezeit. Besides, 409 wheat lines including checks were tested for triple rust resistance at field conditions of Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in 2015. The experiments were laid out in augmented design. Each plot consisted of two rows of 2-m long with 0.2 m between rows. Leaf, stem and yellow rust severity varied among wheat lines. Wheat lines also varied in their seedling infection types against races and isolates of triple rust in green house. The terminal severity and infection types varied across locations and wheat lines both at field and greenhouse conditions. The terminal severity for yellow rust ranged from 0 to 90S at Sinana and 0 to 40S at Kulumsa field conditions. The terminal severity for stem rust varied from 0 to 90S at Kulumsa and it was as high as 60S on the susceptible cultivar Kekeba at Debrezeit. The terminal severity of leaf rusts varied from 0 to 80S at Debrezeit. Of the 409 wheat lines tested 99.3%, 80.2% and 99. % were resistant to moderately resistant at field conditions of Kulumsa to yellow rust, stem rust and leaf rust, respectively. At Sinana 70.8% and 92.5% of wheat lines tested exhibited resistance to yellow rust and stem rust, respectively, with coefficient of infection ranging from 0 to 30. At Debrezeit 43% and 51% of wheat lines were resistant and moderately resistant to stem and leaf rust, respectively. Wheat lines Sr 50+Sr 45 # 35, Sr 45/Cs #20, Sr 45/Cs #21, Sr 45/Cs #25, Sr 45+Sr 2/Cs #28, Sr 45+Sr 2/Cs #29, Sr 45+Sr 2/Cs# 20, Sr 45+Sr 2/Cs# 33, Sr 45+Sr 2/Cs# 32, Thatcher+Lr 34, Westonia Sr 50+ Sr 26, Westonia Sr 24+ Sr 50 and Pavon Sr 24+ SR 26+Sr 31, were consistently resistant to triple rusts under field conditions across locations. However, the only wheat line resistant to triple rust both at field and seedling tests in green house was Pavon Sr 24+ SR 26+Sr 31, and hence it could be exploited in wheat improvement programs.