College of Agriculture

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The College of Agriculture is committed to advancing agricultural education, research, and community service. It serves as a center for knowledge creation and dissemination in crop science, animal production, natural resource management, and sustainable agriculture.

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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek) VARIETIES UNDER VARIABLE PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZER RATES AT ALAGE, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) HABTAM TILAHUN ASRATIE
    Mung bean is an important pulse crop in Ethiopia. However, lack of adapted high yielding varieties and poor soil fertility, especially low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, have been demonstrated to be important constraints for the production of the crop. Field experiment was conducted during the 2019 belg season to determine the Performance Evaluation of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata(L.) Wilczek) Varieties Under Variable Phosphorous Fertilizer Rates at Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training college Experimental field. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four mung bean varieties ( Boreda-1, N26, NVL-1 and shoa robit local) and four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg P2O5 ha-1 ) laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Data were collected on plant height , number of nodules plant-1 , nodules dry weight plant-1 , root dry weight plant-1 , shoot dry weight plant-1 , number of branches plant-1 ,number of pods plant-1 , number of seeds pod-1 , hundred seeds weight, grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, days to flowering and maturity. The variety Boreda-1 showed the best performance in number of pods plant-1 , number of seeds pod-1 ,and grain yield whereas NVL1 gave the lowest performance.Variety Boreda-1 also gave the highest gross benefit of 47624.22 ETB and the highest net benefit of 46749.22 ETB. But the lowest gross return and net return were obtained from variety NVL-1 ,with 40044.38 ETB and 39169.38 ETB, respectively. The increasing rates of phosphorous fertilizer showed substantial improvement in nodules dry weight plant-1 , shoot dry weight plant-1 , plant height, grain yield, and biological yield up to fertilizer rates of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 . Application of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded the highest gross income of 47053.13 ETB and net return of 45003.13 ETB and the lowest values were recorded from the control; which were 40280.63 ETB and 40280.63 ETB in that order. From the study,the interaction of variety Boreda-1 with phosphorous fertilizer rates of 46 Kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded highest gross income of 50321.25 ETB and net return of 47396.25 ETB .While, the lowest was recorded from the interaction of variety NVL-1 with phosphorous fertilizer rates of 0 Kg P2O5 ha-1 with a gross income of 36303.75ETB and net return of 35428.75 ETB. Accordingly,variety Boreda-1 and application of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 ,can be used to improve productivity of mung bean in the study area.
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    EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARIETIES AT MESKAN, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2019) MESERET SHIFA
    Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are an important cash crop and protein source for farmers in many parts of Ethiopia. However, lacks of adequate information on the use of nitrogen source fertilizers are the major yield limiting factors for common bean production in the study area. Thus, the field experiment was conducted at Meskan District in 2018 cropping season to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources on growth, yield and yield components of common bean varieties; and to identify economically appropriate combination of nitrogen sources that give optimum yield of major common bean varieties. Factors studied includes four common bean varieties (Hawassa Dume, Gegeba, Rori and Ibado) and four level of N sources (T1= Control; T2=Rhizobium inoculated; T3=46 kg N ha -1 , T4= 46 kg N ha -1 + Rhizobium inoculated). The treatments were arranged using randomized complete block design in factorial arrangements with three replications. Results revealed varietal differences on growth, yield and yield components. The highest pod number plant -1 (29.1), seed number pod -1 (5.6) and grain yield (2.7 t ha -1 ) were recorded from variety Hawassa Dume. Similarly, nitrogen sources had significant effect on growth, yield and yield components. Significantly, higher number of pods plant -1 (27.5), seeds pod -1 (5.6), and grain yield (2.7 t ha -1 ) were recorded from combined application of Rhizobium inoculation+46kg N ha -1 . There was significant interaction effect of N sources with varieties on nodule number, root dry weight and straw yield, where by the highest nodule number plant -1 (40), root dry weight (11.6 ) and straw yield (4.5 t ha -1 ) were recorded from combined application of Rhizobium strain HB-429 and 46 kg N ha -1 with variety Hawassa Dume except number of nodule plant -1 . Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with phenological, growth, nodulation, yield and yield components except maturity date. Partial budget analysis of the study revealed that the highest net return (32,748 ETB ha -1 ) was obtained from Hawassa Dume variety with combined application of inoculation and 46 kg N ha -1 . Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that combined application of Rhizobium inoculation with 46 kg N ha -1 found to be appropriate for common bean variety Hawassa Dume in the study area. However, the result of the present study need to be evaluated and reconfirmed on farmers field across season and areas in order to reach to a conclusive recommendation.
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    SOIL CHARACTERIZATION, EFFECTS OF NITROGEN SOURCES, TILLAGE METHODS AND CROPPING SYSTEMS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND MAIZE (Zea mays L.) IN THE CENTRAL RIFT VALLY OF ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) ASHENAFI NIGUSSIE ADAFRE
    Declining soil fertility is one of the major challenges to crop production and productivity in Ethiopia. Thus, addressing this challenge through developing new techniques and application of integrated soil management practices tailored to a particular crop and location is vital to improve crop productivity and production. Given this, studies were conducted in two districts of the central rift valley of Ethiopia with objectives: (1) To characterize and identify the soils of the study areas (2) To evaluate the effects of compost, inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and their mixture on soil properties, growth, and nitrogen uptake of maize, and (3) To assess the combined effects of tillage methods, cropping system and nitrogen fertilization on selected soil chemical properties, maize performance; and organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks. Two pedons, one from each, site were excavated and characterized with respect to morphological, physical and chemical properties. Pot trials were executed using a factorial combinations of five compost rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha-1 ) and four inorganic nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg N ha-1 ), laid out as a completely randomized design with three replications. Field study was carried out using three-factors arranged as split-split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications. The tillage methods were used as the main plot, cropping system as a subplot, and four levels of nitrogen fertilization as the sub-sub plot. Maize variety BH 546 was used as a test crop. The results of soil characterization showed great differences in their morphological, physical, and chemical properties within and among the profiles. Accordingly, the soil of the Dore Bafeno site was classified as Cambisol (Loamic, Aric, Humic), whereas, the Bati Dubano site was classified as Someric Phaeozems (Pantoclayic, Aric). The analysis of variance showed that the combined application of compost and inorganic N fertilizer significantly improved soil chemical properties, plant growth, and nitrogen uptake, compared to the unfertilized or separate addition of compost and/or inorganic N fertilizer. Similarly, different soil management practices were significantly affecting grain yield, N-uptake xxviii and selected soil chemical properties. In both soils, the conventional tillage and haricot beanmaize rotation system increased the yield and yield components, and N-uptake in contrast to the minimum and maize monocropping, respectively. However, tillage methods differed in their effects on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks, which were improved through MT compared to CT. Therefore, a CT plus haricot bean-maize rotation system with the addition of sole inorganic N at 92 kg ha-1 and integrated 46 kg N ha-1 + 10 t compost ha-1 should be recommended, to achieve better yield and yield components as well as N-use efficiency, for Cambisols in Hawassa Zuria and Phaeozems in Meskan study sites, respectively. Nevertheless, to ensure sustainable maize production in the studied soils, we recommended that the integrated application of 46 kg N ha-1 + 10 t ha-1 compost along with MT and legume-based crop rotation, which can enhance soil properties, and in the long run will improve yield, and N-uptake as well as utilization efficiency. This is because the field study was carried out only for two consecutive years and generated short-term results. Therefore, a longer-term study should be carried out at similar soils/sites to assess the long-term effects of tillage practices, cropping systems, and nitrogen fertilization on soil properties, and yield and yield components as well as nitrogen utilization efficiency