College of Agriculture

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The College of Agriculture is committed to advancing agricultural education, research, and community service. It serves as a center for knowledge creation and dissemination in crop science, animal production, natural resource management, and sustainable agriculture.

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Agro ecology

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    ASSESSMENT OF FEED RESOURCES, FEEDING PRACITCE, MILK PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL QUALITY OF MILK IN MALGA DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) SAMUEL SANBATO
    The purpose of the study was to assess feed resource, feeding practice, milk production and microbial quality in malga district of Sidama region, Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling procedure with combination of purposive and random sampling technique was employed for selecting the study area and sampled households. Systematic sampling method was used to select respondents from each selected kebele proportionally. The study was conducted by interviewing 150 smallholder milk producers who owned local cows and crossbred which were purposively selected from five kebeles from two agro-ecologies (highland and midland) and these were followed by collecting 35 milk samples from randomly selected milk producers for microbial quality analysis. The common feed resource identified at study area natural pasture 52%, crop residue and enset leaf 12%, improved forge 23.3%, supplemental feed (concentrated feed) 12.7% while feeding system the area free grazing 76.7%, stall feeding 13.3% and both free grazing and stall feeding 10%. The overall mean for local dairy cows and crossbred dairy cows daily milk yield and lactation length were 1.75±0.08 liter/day, 5.9±0.99 months and 4.5±0.17, 7.01±0.04, respectively.The estimated mean daily milk yield based on the farmers response varied significantly (P<0.05) among the agro ecologies. The result indicated that majority of the respondents use the shared with family house, clean their barn daily and more than once a week with 82.7%, 17.3%, and 91.75% respectively. Moreover, milking without hand washing, absence of udder washing and failure to use towel to clean the udder were practiced by 14.7%, 62% and 97.9% of the respondents, respectively. Households used equipment for milking, transportation, storage and churning, clay pot, plastic, and aluminum/stainless steel utensils to keep milk and milk products. The major source of water and water frequency for cleaning and watering their animal rivers 33.3% ponds 59.3% and well water7.7%. Majority of households 68.7% watering their animal once/day respectively. Concerning microbial quality, overall mean total bacterial counts (TBC)and coliform counts (CC) values of milk from current finding were 5.455 ± 0.075 log10 cfu/ml and 4.085 ± 0.02 log10 cfu/ml, respectively.In general, milk from highland area had high total bacterial and coliform load as compared to the sample taken from the midland area. From this study it has been concluded that hygienic milk production and microbial quality of milk from the midland area is better than highland and therefore extension work should focus in creating awareness and training dairy producers in a highland about clean milk production practices..
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    ASSESSMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION PRACTICES AND MICROBIAL QUALITY OF COW MILK PRODUCED IN ALETAWONDO DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) ASHENAFI SHARO SHALAMO
    The purpose of the study was to assess milk production practices and to evaluate microbial quality of raw cows’ milk in Aleta wondo district of Sidama region, Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling procedure with combination of purposive and random sampling technique was employed for selecting the study area and sampled households. Systematic sampling method was used to select respondents from each selected kebele proportionally. The study was conducted by interviewing purposively selected 195 smallholder milk producers from five kebeles from two agro-ecologies (highland and midland) who owned local and crossbred cows. Milk samples were collected from 40 milk producers, small shops, cafes and consumers for microbial quality analysis. The overall average daily milk yield and lactation length for local dairy cows and crossbred dairy cows were 1.55±0.08 liter/day, 8.21±0.99 months and 6.67±0.17 liter/day, 9.31±0.04 months, respectively. The estimated average daily milk yield varied significantly (P<0.05) among the agro ecologies. The result indicated that majority of the respondents (91.3%) did not have cow barn and milking area, 60% of them clean their barn once and more than once a week. Moreover, milking without hand washing, absence of udder washing and failure to use towel to clean the udder were practiced by 34.4%, 52.3% and 73.3% of the respondents, respectively. Households used equipment for milking, transportation, storage and churning, clay pot, plastic, gourd and aluminum/stainless steel utensils to keep milk and milk products. The major source of water for cleaning purpose was tap, rivers ponds and well water. Majority of households 70.3% used cold water for washing milk handling equipment. Concerning microbial quality, overall average total bacterial counts (TBC), coliform counts (CC), yeast and mould (YMC) and Staphylococcus species(SC) values of milk from current finding were 5.699 ± 0.017, 4.689 ± 0.023 log10 cfu/ml,5.366±0.023 and 5.625 ± 0.027, respectively. The microbial load was higher (P<0.05) in different milk sources in the study area except staphylococcus species. In general, overall quality of milk produced as well as marketed in the study area was poor. These were justified from poor hygienic practices and high values of CC that were significantly higher than the acceptable limits set by Ethiopian Standards for unpasteurized milk. Therefore, adequate sanitary and control measures should be taken at all stages from production to consumer level to produce and supply wholesome milk.
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    SMALLHOLDERFARMERS’PERCEPTIONSANDADAPTATIONSTRATEGIESTO CLIMATECHANGE:THECASEOFSHEBEDINOWOREDA,SIDAMANATIONAL REGIONALSTATE
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) DEGEFUDAFURSANARAMO
    Climate change remains a major threat for small holder living and sustainable management of natural resources in Ethiopia. Adaptation strategies vary contextually and spatially within communities and even among individuals, so that a given adaptation measures do not necessarily translate from one area to another area. The presentstudywasanattempttounderstandanddocumentthesmallholderfarmers’ perception and adaptation strategi es to climate change in Shebedino Woreda of Sidama NationalRegionalState.Thestudyemployedmixeddesignwhichwascarried-outby usingqualitati veandquantitativedescri ptions.Amultistagesamplingprocedurewas vestatisti usedtoselect145studysamplesanddatawerecollectedthroughhouseholdsurvey, focusgroupdiscussion,andkeyinformantinterview.Datawereanalyzedusing descripti cs,andmultinomiallogisti cregressionmodel.Theresultsrevealed thatmajority(84. 02and78.31%)ofthestudiedfarmersinWoina-DegaandDegaagro ecologicalzonesrespecti velywerewellawareoftheexistenceofclimatechangein theirlocal ity.I nassociationwithcli agro-ecol matechangethefarmersofWoina-DegaandDega ogyhasexperiencedrainfal lhasdecreased,increasi ngtemperature,extended dryseasonleadtodrought,dryspellfrequencyi ncreased,increasei infestati npestsanddisease onasaresultofhighhumidity,heavywindwhichcanaffectthefieldcrop, dryingofriversandstreams,anddi storti onanddestructionofwildl ifeecosystemsasa resultofdeforestati on.Amongtheunderlingfactorstowhichsuchachangeis attri vity,l butedtoincludesthechangeinstateofclimatehasresultedinreductionof livestockproducti ow cropproductivity,lesspasture/grassforlivestock, fail ure,increasedcompetiti onforfertil eland,increasi crop ngscarcityofnaturalresources (changeinforestandbiodi versity),abandonmentoftradi tionalacti changeinwateravailabil ityforcropandlivestock,andi viti es,lossofincome, ncreasedrural-urbanmi gration forthefarmersofWoina-degaandDegaagro-ecologicalzones.Thestudyrevealsthat smallholderfarmersareadj ustingthei rselftothepercei vedimpactsofclimatechange. Theadaptationstrategi esusedwere:droughttolerantcropvarieti es/li vestockspecie