College of Agriculture

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The College of Agriculture is committed to advancing agricultural education, research, and community service. It serves as a center for knowledge creation and dissemination in crop science, animal production, natural resource management, and sustainable agriculture.

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    GROWTH, SYMBIOTIC AND YIELD RESPONSES OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) VARIETIES TO BRADYRHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION AT ALAGE, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) AYANA YADETA GEMEDA
    Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important food legumes of great nutritional value that has the highest protein content (40%) of all food crops and is equivalent to the protein of animal product. However, in Ethiopia its productivity is constrained mainly by low soil fertility and lack of improved varieties. A field experiment was conducted during 2020 belg cropping season at Alage Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia with the objective of evaluating the effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain inoculation and P fertilizer rates on growth, symbiotic and yield response of soybean varieties. The treatments studied includes four P levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha-1 ), two inoculation levels (un-inoculated and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strain; TAL-379) and two soybean varieties (Afgat and Nova) in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement with three replications. The results revealed that the main effect of varieties were significantly (P≤ 0.01) influenced most of measured parameters. The results also revealed that inoculation of soybean varieties with Bradyrhizobium strain TAL-379 significantly (P≤ 0.01) influenced days to maturity, nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, pod number plant-1 , hundred seed weight, grain yield, above ground biological yield and harvest index. Conversely, days to emergence, days to flowering, plant height and seed number pod-1 was not statistically affected by inoculation of strain TAL-379. The effect of P fertilizer was also significant for most of studied parameters except branch number and harvest index. The interaction effect of varieties x strain, strain x P, and varieties x P caused significant variation on days to maturity, number of nodule, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, pod plant-1 , hundred seed weight, grain yield and above ground biological yield. Hence, the use of Afgat variety with Bradyrhizobium strain TAL-379 inoculation significantly gave the highest grain yield (2.99 t ha-1 ) followed by the interaction of Afgat variety with the supply of 20 kg P ha-1 (2.89 t ha-1 ). Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with most of studied parameters. From the economic point of view the partial budget analysis of the study treatments revealed that the highest net return (63750 ETB ha-1 ) was gained from Bradyrhizobium strain TAL-379 inoculation followed by application of 20 kg P ha-1 and Afgat variety. Thus, it could be recommended that the use of Afgat variety, Bradyrhizobium strain TAL-379 and application of 20 kg P ha-1 to get higher yield and profit of this crop at Alage Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. However, verification of the result on farmers’ fields across season and areas could be required before wide use of this study to put the recommendation in firm ground
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    GROWTH AND YIELD OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) AS AFFECTED BY VARIABLE RATES OF POULTRY MANURE AND MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER AT ALAGE, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2019) NEJEHA REDY ALEMAR
    Onion is one of the important vegetable crops produced in many home gardens and in some extent commercially in different parts of Ethiopia. However, the average yield of the crop is low compared with the world average yield. Declining soil fertility and lack of information on appropriate fertilizer type and rates are the most important factors attributing for the low yield of onion in Ethiopia. Therefore, the field experiment was carried out at Alage Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, during 2018/19 cropping season, with the objectives of assessing the growth, yield and quality response of onion to the variable rates of poultry manure and mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment comprising of three nitrogen levels (0, 46 and 92 kg ha -1 ) and four levels of poultry manure (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha -1 ) were laid out in randomize complete block design with three replications. Data on plant growth, yield and quality components were collected and subjected to ANOVA using SAS (9.2 version) software. The main effects of poultry manure and nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the leaf length, leaf number, days to maturity, bulb length, unmarketable bulb yield and bulb dry matter content, except total bulb yield and marketable bulb yield. Plant height, bulb diameter and harvest index were significantly affected by the interaction of poultry manure and nitrogen fertilizer levels. Application of poultry manure at the rate of 15 t ha -1 recorded the highest total bulb yield (63.33 t ha -1 ) and marketable bulb yield (62.52 t ha -1 ), but statistically there were no x significant difference between 15t ha -1 and 10t ha -1 poultry manure application. Lower amount of total bulb yield (53.44 t ha -1 ) and marketable bulb yield (52.40 t ha -1 ) were obtained from the control plot as compared to the maximum yields obtained from other treatments. Marketable bulb yield was positively and significantly correlated with most of the growth parameters. The results of partial budget analysis showed that 15 t ha -1 poultry manure application gave the highest marginal rate of returns. Since, the highest bulb yield and maximum marginal rate of returns are obtained at 15 t ha -1 poultry manure application, this rate can be recommended for onion production in the researched area, and areas having similar agro-ecologies. However, as the research is conducted for a single season and location, repeating the experiment over location and year will be required to give a conclusive recommendation.