College of Agriculture

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The College of Agriculture is committed to advancing agricultural education, research, and community service. It serves as a center for knowledge creation and dissemination in crop science, animal production, natural resource management, and sustainable agriculture.

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    ASSESSMENT OF FEED RESOURCES, FEEDING PRACITCE, MILK PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL QUALITY OF MILK IN MALGA DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) SAMUEL SANBATO
    The purpose of the study was to assess feed resource, feeding practice, milk production and microbial quality in malga district of Sidama region, Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling procedure with combination of purposive and random sampling technique was employed for selecting the study area and sampled households. Systematic sampling method was used to select respondents from each selected kebele proportionally. The study was conducted by interviewing 150 smallholder milk producers who owned local cows and crossbred which were purposively selected from five kebeles from two agro-ecologies (highland and midland) and these were followed by collecting 35 milk samples from randomly selected milk producers for microbial quality analysis. The common feed resource identified at study area natural pasture 52%, crop residue and enset leaf 12%, improved forge 23.3%, supplemental feed (concentrated feed) 12.7% while feeding system the area free grazing 76.7%, stall feeding 13.3% and both free grazing and stall feeding 10%. The overall mean for local dairy cows and crossbred dairy cows daily milk yield and lactation length were 1.75±0.08 liter/day, 5.9±0.99 months and 4.5±0.17, 7.01±0.04, respectively.The estimated mean daily milk yield based on the farmers response varied significantly (P<0.05) among the agro ecologies. The result indicated that majority of the respondents use the shared with family house, clean their barn daily and more than once a week with 82.7%, 17.3%, and 91.75% respectively. Moreover, milking without hand washing, absence of udder washing and failure to use towel to clean the udder were practiced by 14.7%, 62% and 97.9% of the respondents, respectively. Households used equipment for milking, transportation, storage and churning, clay pot, plastic, and aluminum/stainless steel utensils to keep milk and milk products. The major source of water and water frequency for cleaning and watering their animal rivers 33.3% ponds 59.3% and well water7.7%. Majority of households 68.7% watering their animal once/day respectively. Concerning microbial quality, overall mean total bacterial counts (TBC)and coliform counts (CC) values of milk from current finding were 5.455 ± 0.075 log10 cfu/ml and 4.085 ± 0.02 log10 cfu/ml, respectively.In general, milk from highland area had high total bacterial and coliform load as compared to the sample taken from the midland area. From this study it has been concluded that hygienic milk production and microbial quality of milk from the midland area is better than highland and therefore extension work should focus in creating awareness and training dairy producers in a highland about clean milk production practices..
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    ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION PRACTICE, FEED RESOURCE AVAILABLITY AND MARKETING SYSTEM OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN BONA ZURIYA DISTRICT SIDAMA RIGION ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) TESHOME TAFESE SHURA
    This study was conducted to assess production practices, feed resources availability and marketing systems of small ruminant in Bona zuriya district, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia. Results are based on survey of 126 households. Sites were stratified into mixed sheep-goat flock, goat dominating and sheep dominating. Average family size in the study area was 6.7. With respect to livestock holdings more than half of the total TLU was accounted for sheep and goats. Small ruminant was primarily kept for sale to generate cash and majorities (98.9%) of small ruminant owners extensively milk their flock for household consumption. Sucking young (22.8% lambs; 26.7% kids) and breeding female (39.3% ewes; 39.4% does) dominate the flock. Respondents reported that grazing on crop stubble (13.4%), private pastures (13.3%) and road sides (13.2%), weeds (11.6%), tillers and fillers (8.9%) from crop fields, cut-and-carry of browse species and grasses (9.1%) and communal pastures (9.4%) was major feed resources of sheep and goats. Drinking water for flock largely comes from rivers (55.2%), artificial ponds (21.9%), trough and harvested water. Diseases and parasites cause losses of flocks (34.6%). Rate of loss was higher in young (35.0% lambs; 35.5% in kids) and mothers (42.9% in ewes; 30.6% in does). Losses by predators were noticeably higher in sheep and goats dominating site. Body conformation, physical characteristics (coat color, horn and tail), age were the major criteria household considers in selecting small ruminant for castration and fattening. Smallholder farmers make targeting the seasonal holiday markets. Major destination of fattened flocks was the Bona, Bensa Daye, Hula, Bursa, Xexicha, Aleta Wondo and Hawasa Markets. Consumers demonstrated high preferences to animals from study areas and evidently pay higher prices. This is largely exploitable opportunity for development of smallholder small ruminant production. Small ruminant production is constrained by outbreaks of disease and parasite, predators, feed and water shortage, lack of production technology and seasonality of markets. Interventions covering health, feed production and managements, marketing, and extension supports delivering the necessary training and production technologies/inputs could help farmers to build their flock and improve productivity.