College of Agriculture

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The College of Agriculture is committed to advancing agricultural education, research, and community service. It serves as a center for knowledge creation and dissemination in crop science, animal production, natural resource management, and sustainable agriculture.

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    EFFECT OF INTER ROW SPACING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND TUBER QUALITY OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETIES IN HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) MULUGETA SODANO LANTERO
    Potato is the very important food and cash crop in Ethiopia, especially in the high and mid altitude areas. It is important to select better yielding potato varieties with appropriate plant density per unit of area to get for better yield and tuber quality in given location. This experiment was conducted to determine proper inter row spacing for potato varieties and to select better performing potato variety at Hadiya zone Misrak Badewaccho district, during the year 2022 G.C main cropping season. The experiment was arranged in a factorial combination of three inter row spacing (70 x 30 cm, 60 x 30 cm and 50 x 30 cm) and five potato varieties (Gudane, Zemen, Belete Jalene and local) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result revealed that days to 50% emergence and stem number per hill were significantly affected by variety, days to 90% maturity, plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf area index, harvest index, total biomass, total tuber yield, tuber number per hill and tuber size distribution were significantly affected by main factors (variety and inter row spacing) but not by interaction. Days to 50% flowering, leaf area, marketable tuber yield, unmarketable tuber yield, marketable tuber number, unmarketable tuber number, dry matter, total starch content and specific gravity were significantly influenced by main factors (variety and inter row spacing and interaction). The highest, stem number per hill, plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf area, leaf area index, harvest index, total dry biomass, total tuber yield, tuber number per hill, marketable tuber yield, marketable tuber number dry matter and specific gravity was scored from Gudene variety whereas, lowest data was recorded from local variety. The highest stem number per hill, plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf area, total dry biomass, tuber number per hill, specific gravity and total starch content recorded at inter row spacing (70 x 30) cm. The highest interactive effect was scored from marketable tuber yield from Gudene (36.00t/ha -1 ) and Belete (34.67t/ha -1 ) variety and at inter row spacing (60 x 30 cm) whereas, lowest interactive effect was recorded from local (12.83t/ha -1 ) variety and at inter row spacing (50 x 30 cm). Therefore, from this study, it can be concluded that Gudene and Belete varieties at inter row spacing (60 x 30cm and 70 x 30cm) resulted in highest marketable potato yield. The results obtained in this study are based conducted at single season and single location it should be repeated to validate this result before recommending to the area.
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    EFFECT OF VARIETY AND SEED PROPORTIONS ON YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF OATS-VETCHMIXTURESGROWN ON ACIDIC SOILS ATASSOSA,BENISHANGUL-GUMUZ REGION EFFECT OF VARIETY AND SEED PROPORTIONS ON YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF OATS-VETCHMIXTURESGROWN ON ACIDIC SOILS ATASSOSA,BENISHANGUL-GUMUZ REGION EFFECT OF VARIETY AND SEED PROPORTIONS ON YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF OATS-VETCHMIXTURESGROWN ON ACIDIC SOILS ATASSOSA,BENISHANGUL-GUMUZ REGIO
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) KEDIJA AHMED SEID KEDIJA AHMED SEID KEDIJA AHMED SEI
    The study was conducted during the main cropping season of 2019/2020 at Assosa in Benishangul-Gumuz regional state. The aim of the study was to evaluate herbage dry matter yield, nutritional quality and biological compatibility of oats-vetch mixtures. The treatments included two oat varieties (SRCP X 80 Ab 2291 and SRCP X 80 Ab 2806), two vetch species (Vicia sativa“ICARDA61509” and Vicia dasycarpa “Lana”) and four levels of seed proportions (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) of the recommended seeding rates of the two forages. Randomized complete block design was used with factorial arrangement and 3 replications. The results revealed that seedling count at emergence, stand count at tillering, plant height, leaf to stem ratio of oat and vetch were significantly (P<0.05) differed among oat varieties, vetch species and seed proportions. The interaction effect of oat by vetch, oat by seed proportions, vetch by seed proportions and oat by vetch by seed proportions had significant (P<0.05) effect on plot cover and vigor score percentage, dry matter yield (DMY) tha-1,and the quality parameters such as, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent Lignin (ADL), In-vitro Dry matter Digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein yield (CPY) tha-1. The mixtures of 75% SRCP X 80 Ab 2806 + 25% Vicia sativa “ICARDA-61509”(12.35) gave in the higher DMY (tha-1). On the other hand Vicia dasycarpa sown in pure stands had lower DMY compared to oats vetch mixtures (7.45). In terms of quality, increasing the seed proportions of both vetch species in the mixture resulted in higher CP%, CPY (tha-1) and IVDMD% and lower NDF%, ADF% and ADL% contents. Relative yield total of oats-vetch mixtures at 25% SRCP X 80 Ab 2291 + 75% Vicia dasycarpa “Lana” (1.35), 25% SRCP X 80 Ab 2806 + 75% Vicia dasycarpa “Lana” (1.32), 75% SRCP X 80 Ab 2806 + 25% Vicia sativa“ICARDA-61509” (1.20) and 75% SRCP X 80 Ab 2291 + 25% Vicia dasycarpa “Lana” (1.12) were better compared to the other mixtures and pure stands. Generally, mixing of oat varieties with vetch species at different seed proportions of 75% oats: 25% vetch and 25% oats: 75% vetch produced better dry matter yield, nutritional quality and compatibility in the study area. However, the experiment should be conducted for more years at different locations to recommend the best oats-vetch mixtures for Assosa area of Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State.
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    EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING MAIZE VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT CROPS ON FUNGAL CONTAMINATION OF MAIZE GRAIN IN DOREBAFANA WOREDA SIDAMA REGION
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) TESHALE TAFESSE LINTAMO
    Maize (Zea mays) is attacked by many diseases in the field as well as in the storage. Fungi are among the principal causes of deterioration and yield loss on farmers’ maize. The present study was aimed to identify the effect of different crop combinations in the intercropping systems and maize varieties on fungal contamination of maize grain. The experiment was conducted at dorebafana woreda of Sidama region at rukesa suke kebele and the laboratory analysis was conducted at Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, Plant Protection Laboratory. Three maize varieties (Limu, Kurtu and BH 540) and four cropping systems (Maize sole, Maize with haricot bean intercropping, Maize with mung bean intercropping, maize with sweet potato intercropping) were the treatments. The experiment was laid using completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. For each treatment a sample of 100 seeds were tested for fungal contamination using the blotter technique in the laboratory. A total of six fungal genera consisting of nine species of fungi were isolated from maize grains collected from the experimental field. Fusarium sppwere the most frequently isolated ones followed by Aspergillus spp. The fungal contaminations of maize grains were significantly different (p<0.05) between sol cropping and intercropping treatments. The sol cropping had higher fungal contamination level compared to intercropping treatments. On the other hand, i ntercropping maize with haricot bean has resulted in the lowest fungal contamination followed by intercropping maize with mung bean. Fusarium spp had resulted highest contamination level followed by Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Alternaria spp, Trichoderma spp, and Rhizopus sp. Low level of fungal frequency was recorded on limu maize variety. Whereas the variety kurtu had the highest level of fungal contamination. The result of the present study revealed that maize cropping system affects the level of fungal contamination. In the present study it is also seen that maize varieties tested vary in their resistance to fungal contamination. Thus, good agronomic practices like intercropping and variety selection can play determinant role in reduction of fungal contamination in maize grain. Based on the finding of present study, intercropping maize with haricot bean and variety limu can be used to reduce effect of maize contamination with fungi.
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    RESPONSE OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) VARIETIES TO DIFFIRENT RATES OF NPSB FERTILIZER RATESAT ZALA DISTRICT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) HABTAMU HARINGO
    Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is the sixth exportable pulse crop in Ethiopia and is a useful protein source for consumers in semi-arid and arid areas of the country. However, its current national productivity is 1.003ton ha-1 , which is much lower than its potential due to the unavailability of balanced nutrients in the soil. Therefore, thisstudy was carried out to evaluate the response of Mungbean varieties toNPSB fertilizer rates. The experiment was conductedin Zala woreda, during the main cropping season of 2021.The experiment was laid out using RCBD in a factorial arrangement with three replications. There was a total of sixteen treatments from a factorial combination of four fertilizer rates (0, 50,100 &150 kgha1 ) and four varieties of Mungbean (Borda,Rasa (N26),NVL-1 & Gofa local).The results revealed that fertilizer had a significant (P<0.05) effect on days to flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height, brunch number, nodule number, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, thousand seed weight, grain yield, above ground dry biomass, and strow yield. Varieties also had a significant (P<0.05) effect on days to physiological maturity, branch number, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, thousand seed weight, grain yield and harvest index.The interaction of NPSB fertilizer application with verities also had a significant(P<0.05) effect on days to flowering, days to physiological maturity, number of seeds per pod, thousand seed weight, grain yield, dry above ground biomass and harvest index.The highest yield (2.5tonha-1 ) resulted from the interaction effect of the150kg NPSB with the Boreda Varity application. The partial budget analysis also indicated that the best treatments were interaction of the 150kgha-1NPSB with Borda and Rasa (N-26), which gave the first and second highest net benefits of 126126 and 96600 ETB ha-1 , respectively, with an acceptable marginal rate of returns. Therefore, mung bean producers can use the NPSB mixed fertilizer at the rate of 150kg ha-1 and Boreda Variety in the Zala district of the Gofa Zone and other similar areas to increase their productivity.
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    GROWTH, SYMBIOTIC AND YIELD RESPONSES OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) VARIETIES TO BRADYRHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION AT ALAGE, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) AYANA YADETA GEMEDA
    Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important food legumes of great nutritional value that has the highest protein content (40%) of all food crops and is equivalent to the protein of animal product. However, in Ethiopia its productivity is constrained mainly by low soil fertility and lack of improved varieties. A field experiment was conducted during 2020 belg cropping season at Alage Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia with the objective of evaluating the effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain inoculation and P fertilizer rates on growth, symbiotic and yield response of soybean varieties. The treatments studied includes four P levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha-1 ), two inoculation levels (un-inoculated and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strain; TAL-379) and two soybean varieties (Afgat and Nova) in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement with three replications. The results revealed that the main effect of varieties were significantly (P≤ 0.01) influenced most of measured parameters. The results also revealed that inoculation of soybean varieties with Bradyrhizobium strain TAL-379 significantly (P≤ 0.01) influenced days to maturity, nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, pod number plant-1 , hundred seed weight, grain yield, above ground biological yield and harvest index. Conversely, days to emergence, days to flowering, plant height and seed number pod-1 was not statistically affected by inoculation of strain TAL-379. The effect of P fertilizer was also significant for most of studied parameters except branch number and harvest index. The interaction effect of varieties x strain, strain x P, and varieties x P caused significant variation on days to maturity, number of nodule, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, pod plant-1 , hundred seed weight, grain yield and above ground biological yield. Hence, the use of Afgat variety with Bradyrhizobium strain TAL-379 inoculation significantly gave the highest grain yield (2.99 t ha-1 ) followed by the interaction of Afgat variety with the supply of 20 kg P ha-1 (2.89 t ha-1 ). Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with most of studied parameters. From the economic point of view the partial budget analysis of the study treatments revealed that the highest net return (63750 ETB ha-1 ) was gained from Bradyrhizobium strain TAL-379 inoculation followed by application of 20 kg P ha-1 and Afgat variety. Thus, it could be recommended that the use of Afgat variety, Bradyrhizobium strain TAL-379 and application of 20 kg P ha-1 to get higher yield and profit of this crop at Alage Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. However, verification of the result on farmers’ fields across season and areas could be required before wide use of this study to put the recommendation in firm ground
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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek) VARIETIES UNDER VARIABLE PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZER RATES AT ALAGE, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) HABTAM TILAHUN ASRATIE
    Mung bean is an important pulse crop in Ethiopia. However, lack of adapted high yielding varieties and poor soil fertility, especially low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, have been demonstrated to be important constraints for the production of the crop. Field experiment was conducted during the 2019 belg season to determine the Performance Evaluation of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata(L.) Wilczek) Varieties Under Variable Phosphorous Fertilizer Rates at Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training college Experimental field. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four mung bean varieties ( Boreda-1, N26, NVL-1 and shoa robit local) and four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg P2O5 ha-1 ) laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Data were collected on plant height , number of nodules plant-1 , nodules dry weight plant-1 , root dry weight plant-1 , shoot dry weight plant-1 , number of branches plant-1 ,number of pods plant-1 , number of seeds pod-1 , hundred seeds weight, grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, days to flowering and maturity. The variety Boreda-1 showed the best performance in number of pods plant-1 , number of seeds pod-1 ,and grain yield whereas NVL1 gave the lowest performance.Variety Boreda-1 also gave the highest gross benefit of 47624.22 ETB and the highest net benefit of 46749.22 ETB. But the lowest gross return and net return were obtained from variety NVL-1 ,with 40044.38 ETB and 39169.38 ETB, respectively. The increasing rates of phosphorous fertilizer showed substantial improvement in nodules dry weight plant-1 , shoot dry weight plant-1 , plant height, grain yield, and biological yield up to fertilizer rates of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 . Application of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded the highest gross income of 47053.13 ETB and net return of 45003.13 ETB and the lowest values were recorded from the control; which were 40280.63 ETB and 40280.63 ETB in that order. From the study,the interaction of variety Boreda-1 with phosphorous fertilizer rates of 46 Kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded highest gross income of 50321.25 ETB and net return of 47396.25 ETB .While, the lowest was recorded from the interaction of variety NVL-1 with phosphorous fertilizer rates of 0 Kg P2O5 ha-1 with a gross income of 36303.75ETB and net return of 35428.75 ETB. Accordingly,variety Boreda-1 and application of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 ,can be used to improve productivity of mung bean in the study area.