MORPHO-AGRONOMIC, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BLACK CUMIN (Nigella sativa L.) IN

Abstract

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a diploid annual flowering plant native to Southern Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia. It is cultivated worldwide for its medicinal and aromatic values. Ethiopia is an important center of black cumin genetic diversity. This study aims to characterize Ethiopian black cumin genotypes using morpho-agronomic, biochemical, and molecular markers (SNPs). A total of 64 genotypes, including 8 improved varieties and 56 genotypes from five Ethiopian regions, were characterized for morpho-agronomic and biochemical traits at Debre Zeit and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centers. Essential oils and fixed oils were extracted, and their compositions analyzed using GC-MS. Molecular characterization was conducted using DArTseq SNP markers to determine genetic variation and population structure of 94 genotypes. Significant differences were found among genotypes for most morpho-agronomic traits, with substantial variability in essential oil compositions. Biochemical analysis revealed significant differences in fixed oil yield, essential oil content, and yield among genotypes. Molecular analysis indicated high levels of genetic diversity within regions and among genotypes, clustering into two distinct groups. The findings reveal significant diversity and variation among Ethiopian black cumin genotypes, offering valuable insights for conservation and breeding programs. The study emphasizes the need for equal attention to all growing areas for effective crop improvement.