Industrial Engineering and Logistic management

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IT ADOPTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: CASE OF ETHIOPIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS
(Hawassa University, 2018-02-06) TAMIRU TESSEMA
In the 21st century companies are required to continuously upgrade and improve their business activities in order to survive and achieve their business goal. One of the competition areas is an effective and efficient information flow along supply chain (SC). The information technology (IT) is one of the biggest enablers of the modern Supply Chain Management (SCM). However, SC systems in Ethiopian Medium and Large-Scale Manufacturing (MLSM) Firms found as fragmented SC, poor information exchanges, outdated systems and paper work. The purpose of this study is to examine IT adoption status and to develop its adoption model to Ethiopian MLSM firms. Cross-sectional survey was conducted on 438 samples from total 2,758 Ethiopian MLSM firms. Both a qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaire survey, interview and document investigation, then descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were conducted by using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 and Microsoft office excel. The results indicated that the IT adoption status among Ethiopian MLSM firms was inadequate at all, despite good improvements in adopting some IT tools such as the Internet, Intranet and Barcode Scanner. The result also shows positive and strong correlation between the role of IT adoption and SC performance with correlation coefficient r = 0.824, even though a weakness to accept sophisticated IT tools, such as ERP, EDI, RFID, etc. The study suggests firms to exploit CSFs and reduce associated challenges to adopt IT, government to support these firms by policies, infrastructure, subsidies, incentives and training and universities to focus on producing IT skilled professionals. Finally, study proposes a model of IT adoption for Ethiopian MLSM firms to enhance their competitive advantage and improve firms’ performance
DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION BASED OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE ANAYLSIS OF MODJO DRY PORT, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University, 2018-04-08) MAHMUD ABDURAHMAN
Container terminal operation consists of gate, container yard, and train and berth operation. The facilities used in the container terminal are reach stacker cranes, empty container handler, and yard tractors. The loading sequence of containers does not follow a FIFO (first in-first out) policy, and hence, the arrival order of containers does not define the sequence in which they are loaded. The purpose of this study was operational performance analysis of container terminals for the case of Modjo Dry Port. The study determined key port performance indicators (KPIs) of container terminal, factors affecting operational performance at container terminals and productivity level for container terminal. The researcher proposed a Desecrate Event Simulation (DES) model and a heuristic procedure for container’s sacking plan and for gate operations. The main objective of formulating different scenarios was to find possible sets of input parameters, structural assumptions or model specifications that could lead to best performance. The data was collected using questionnaire, interview, conversation and observation the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the analysis indicated that the numbers of gate operations, truck visit time, container dwell time (equipment, labor and land) productivity, container traffic are among the key performance indicator (KPIs). The study found the factors that affect the efficiency of operational performance are gate capacity, gate working hours, and resources within the terminal and truck arrival patterns container stacking system, custom clearance, container dwell time, operator experience, yard layout and maintenance problem. Current container terminal productivity level is poor comparing with industry bench mark of labor, equipment, and land. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that performance improvement strategy is changing current stacking strategies to dwell time segregated container stacking strategies. In addition, specific recommendations were made to address the issues identified which, if implemented, could significantly address the current inefficiencies observed in the Modjo Dry Port’s operations
FACILITY LAYOUT DESIGN TO EFFICIENT SPACE UTILIZATION AND INSPECTION PERFORMANCE: CASE OF MODJO DRY PORT
(Hawassa University, 2018-10-07) BONDE ASSEFA SHULISHA
Ethiopia is landlocked country which uses the Ethio-Djibouti corridor the main outlet to the sea. However, this generates high demurrage cost at Djibouti port. To overcome these challenges, Ethiopian government established about eight dry ports in Ethiopia. From those, the Modjo dry port is large and 95 % of goods are flow through it. This makes congestion in the warehouse and terminal due to lack of suitable facility layout for inspection performance. So, this paper proposes an alternative facility layout design of warehouse. This done by using primary and secondary source of data which collected from warehouse managers, drivers, loading and unloading labors, customers of Modjo dry ports. However, the researcher use surveying, different journal, website and report from dry port as basic inputs for models to propose modified alternative layouts. The models used were classified in different levels regarding their compatibility to execute paper works as per requirement. Those were mathematical, Computer aided design model (AutoCAD) and simulation Model. The mathematical model was mainly used to calculate areas, volumes of existing and modified alternative layouts of the warehouse. The AutoCAD model was used to draw out the alternative facility layouts by feeding the input data collected from field survey by using Global Positioning System GPS and dimensions measured by using standard meter. The results of the study were validated by descriptive event simulation software which is known as any logic software. Finally, depending on the result of simulation, and model output of AutoCAD the alternative layouts were proposed. The capacity of space dedicated for existing warehouses could accommodate the 120 TEU. However, for the alternative layouts of I, II, III & IV are 564, 752, 556 & 796 TEU respectively. Depending on these results the alternative scenarios were proposed in order to mitigate the challenges facings to Modjo dry port. The contribution of this study is to realize the gaps of knowledge in using pallet racks for space utilization with aisle or passageway in the warehouse and point out the future research directions in facility layout design to efficient space utilization and inspection performance around the dry port area
FACILITY LAYOUT DESIGN TO EFFICIENT SPACE UTILIZATION AND INSPECTION PERFORMANCE: CASE OF MODJO DRY POR
(Hawassa University, 2018-10-17) BONDE ASSEFA SHULISHA
Ethiopia is landlocked country which uses the Ethio-Djibouti corridor the main outlet to the sea. However, this generates high demurrage cost at Djibouti port. To overcome these challenges, Ethiopian government established about eight dry ports in Ethiopia. From those, the Modjo dry port is large and 95 % of goods are flow through it. This makes congestion in the warehouse and terminal due to lack of suitable facility layout for inspection performance. So, this paper proposes an alternative facility layout design of warehouse. This done by using primary and secondary source of data which collected from warehouse managers, drivers, loading and unloading labors, customers of Modjo dry ports. However, the researcher use surveying, different journal, website and report from dry port as basic inputs for models to propose modified alternative layouts. The models used were classified in different levels regarding their compatibility to execute paper works as per requirement. Those were mathematical, Computer aided design model (AutoCAD) and simulation Model. The mathematical model was mainly used to calculate areas, volumes of existing and modified alternative layouts of the warehouse. The AutoCAD model was used to draw out the alternative facility layouts by feeding the input data collected from field survey by using Global Positioning System GPS and dimensions measured by using standard meter. The results of the study were validated by descriptive event simulation software which is known as any logic software. Finally, depending on the result of simulation, and model output of AutoCAD the alternative layouts were proposed. The capacity of space dedicated for existing warehouses could accommodate the 120 TEU. However, for the alternative layouts of I, II, III & IV are 564, 752, 556 & 796 TEU respectively. Depending on these results the alternative scenarios were proposed in order to mitigate the challenges facings to Modjo dry port. The contribution of this study is to realize the gaps of knowledge in using pallet racks for space utilization with aisle or passageway in the warehouse and point out the future research directions in facility layout design to efficient space utilization and inspection performance around the dry port area
DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION BASED OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE ANAYLSIS OF MODJO DRY PORT, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University, 2018-10-22) MAHMUD ABDURAHMAN
Container terminal operation consists of gate, container yard, and train and berth operation. The facilities used in the container terminal are reach stacker cranes, empty container handler, and yard tractors. The loading sequence of containers does not follow a FIFO (first in-first out) policy, and hence, the arrival order of containers does not define the sequence in which they are loaded. The purpose of this study was operational performance analysis of container terminals for the case of Modjo Dry Port. The study determined key port performance indicators (KPIs) of container terminal, factors affecting operational performance at container terminals and productivity level for container terminal. The researcher proposed a Desecrate Event Simulation (DES) model and a heuristic procedure for container’s sacking plan and for gate operations. The main objective of formulating different scenarios was to find possible sets of input parameters, structural assumptions or model specifications that could lead to best performance. The data was collected using questionnaire, interview, conversation and observation the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the analysis indicated that the numbers of gate operations, truck visit time, container dwell time (equipment, labor and land) productivity, container traffic are among the key performance indicator (KPIs). The study found the factors that affect the efficiency of operational performance are gate capacity, gate working hours, and resources within the terminal and truck arrival patterns container stacking system, custom clearance, container dwell time, operator experience, yard layout and maintenance problem. Current container terminal productivity level is poor comparing with industry bench mark of labor, equipment, and land. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that performance improvement strategy is changing current stacking strategies to dwell time segregated container stacking strategies. In addition, specific recommendations were made to address the issues identified which, if implemented, could significantly address the current inefficiencies observed in the Modjo Dry Port’s operations
IT ADOPTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: CASE OF ETHIOPIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS
(Hawassa University, 2018-10-22) TAMIRU TESSEMA
In the 21st century companies are required to continuously upgrade and improve their business activities in order to survive and achieve their business goal. One of the competition areas is an effective and efficient information flow along supply chain (SC). The information technology (IT) is one of the biggest enablers of the modern Supply Chain Management (SCM). However, SC systems in Ethiopian Medium and Large-Scale Manufacturing (MLSM) Firms found as fragmented SC, poor information exchanges, outdated systems and paper work. The purpose of this study is to examine IT adoption status and to develop its adoption model to Ethiopian MLSM firms. Cross-sectional survey was conducted on 438 samples from total 2,758 Ethiopian MLSM firms. Both a qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaire survey, interview and document investigation, then descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were conducted by using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 and Microsoft office excel. The results indicated that the IT adoption status among Ethiopian MLSM firms was inadequate at all, despite good improvements in adopting some IT tools such as the Internet, Intranet and Barcode Scanner. The result also shows positive and strong correlation between the role of IT adoption and SC performance with correlation coefficient r = 0.824, even though a weakness to accept sophisticated IT tools, such as ERP, EDI, RFID, etc. The study suggests firms to exploit CSFs and reduce associated challenges to adopt IT, government to support these firms by policies, infrastructure, subsidies, incentives and training and universities to focus on producing IT skilled professionals. Finally, study proposes a model of IT adoption for Ethiopian MLSM firms to enhance their competitive advantage and improve firms’ performance
SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND MODELING: CASE OF SIDAMA COFFEE FARMERS‟ COOPERATIVE UNION
(Hawassa University, 2019-10-06) GASSA MAGARA MAMO
This thesis aims to propose a supply chain (SC) performance evaluation model in the coffee processing industries: Case of Sidama coffee farmers’ cooperative union (SCFCU). Coffee is a major agricultural export commodity of Ethiopia, particularly the Sidama Zone, which has a high potential for specialty coffee. From Sidama Zone, SCFCU has major contribution supplying coffee product to domestic and export market unifying 61 coffee farmers’ cooperatives and being the second-largest union in the country. However, the primary coffee farmers’ cooperatives are facing enormous challenges at the current time in sourcing methods and production processes decreasing SC performance associated with quality of raw material and costly production making them unable to be a competitive and unprofitable business. They have no suitable SC performance evaluation model, standardized business operation process and methods that can improve their inter-organization and SC performance in a sustainable way. To solve these problems, the thesis study on SC performance evaluation and modeling was conducted. To achieve the study goal, investigation and reviewing of an appropriate SC performance evaluation model were carried out to have comprehensive knowledge. From several SC performance evaluation models, the SCOR model is identified as an appropriate SC evaluation model being dynamic, balanced and universal model. Significance of the study, using the SCOR model is believed to give an insight for the primary coffee farmers’ cooperatives as well as other concerned bodies about the existing challenges of coffee processing industries SC suggesting possible solutions to the problems and enabling them to improve SC performance. Because SCOR model designated to analyze SC performance and optimize the various processes in SC and it can play an important role in identifying problem-solving ways being starting points to find better ways to improve SC performance, in coffee processing industries making them more optimal and sustainable performance improvement. To achieve the study goal, a descriptive research design was employed and 13 cooperatives were selected unified in SCFCU from Sidama Zone in five Woreda within three clusters from the total population 182, the sample size was 125 respondents using Yamane sample size decision model and random sampling system. The primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field observation. Secondary data were collected from different published and unpublished sources. Data analysis was on the basis of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The result was a high performance of reliability and responsiveness, the poor performance of Plan and Source process having moderate overall SC performance. Using the study result, SC modeling was made considering suitability for coffee processing industries. Finally, from data analysis and result discussions, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made on gaps
SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND MODELING: CASE OF SIDAMA COFFEE FARMERS‟ COOPERATIVE UNION
(Hawassa University, 2019-10-22) GASSA MAGARA MAMO
This thesis aims to propose a supply chain (SC) performance evaluation model in the coffee processing industries: Case of Sidama coffee farmers’ cooperative union (SCFCU). Coffee is a major agricultural export commodity of Ethiopia, particularly the Sidama Zone, which has a high potential for specialty coffee. From Sidama Zone, SCFCU has major contribution supplying coffee product to domestic and export market unifying 61 coffee farmers’ cooperatives and being the second-largest union in the country. However, the primary coffee farmers’ cooperatives are facing enormous challenges at the current time in sourcing methods and production processes decreasing SC performance associated with quality of raw material and costly production making them unable to be a competitive and unprofitable business. They have no suitable SC performance evaluation model, standardized business operation process and methods that can improve their inter-organization and SC performance in a sustainable way. To solve these problems, the thesis study on SC performance evaluation and modeling was conducted. To achieve the study goal, investigation and reviewing of an appropriate SC performance evaluation model were carried out to have comprehensive knowledge. From several SC performance evaluation models, the SCOR model is identified as an appropriate SC evaluation model being dynamic, balanced and universal model. Significance of the study, using the SCOR model is believed to give an insight for the primary coffee farmers’ cooperatives as well as other concerned bodies about the existing challenges of coffee processing industries SC suggesting possible solutions to the problems and enabling them to improve SC performance. Because SCOR model designated to analyze SC performance and optimize the various processes in SC and it can play an important role in identifying problem-solving ways being starting points to find better ways to improve SC performance, in coffee processing industries making them more optimal and sustainable performance improvement. To achieve the study goal, a descriptive research design was employed and 13 cooperatives were selected unified in SCFCU from Sidama Zone in five Woreda within three clusters from the total population 182, the sample size was 125 respondents using Yamane sample size decision model and random sampling system. The primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field observation. Secondary data were collected from different published and unpublished sources. Data analysis was on the basis of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The result was a high performance of reliability and responsiveness, the poor performance of Plan and Source process having moderate overall SC performance. Using the study result, SC modeling was made considering suitability for coffee processing industries. Finally, from data analysis and result discussions, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made on gaps
E-COMMERCE CHALLENGES AND THEORETICAL IMPLEMENTATION MODEL ADOPTION: CASES OF RETAILERS IN ADDIS ABABA & HAWASSA CITIES
(Hawassa University, 2021-03-06) AYENEW TSEGA ABATE
Retailing industries, enterprises and other businesses are operated globally with technologically advanced methods that can be mentioned in different names like e-commerce, online shopping, digital marketing and others. However, these business-running mechanisms are not even officially emerged in Ethiopia as it is expected due to many problems. The researcher identified these e commerce implementation barriers and proposed conceptual adoption frameworks that consider the Ethiopian infrastructures and other operational conditions. The data and necessary information for the study were obtained by using various scientific data collection mechanisms. These mechanisms include field observation, questionnaires, phone and face-to-face interviews. The target populations for this study were mainly online retailers found in Addis Ababa and traditional wholesalers, supermarkets found in Addis Ababa & Hawassa cities were considered in the study. However, the existed online shopping sites in Addis Ababa were interviewed and the detailed analysis was made. The data collected by using questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS software for the further solidification of the study. From the analyzed data; lack of infrastructure, absence of government policies and rules on e-commerce, absence of e-logistics, unavailability of payment methods, lack of interest, trust, security and awareness of both business owners and customers were basic barriers to adopt and implement e-commerce. At the end of this work based on the above influencing factors of e-commerce in Ethiopia and the review of benchmark e commerce adoption models from abroad, the new adoption model that fit with the current Ethiopian technological conditions was proposed. This proposed e-commerce adoption model was justified through the multinomial regression analysis of the variables of the model by using SPSS software. This thesis has important contributions for different groups of the community in Ethiopia, which planned to involve in the retailing business. The business owners and their customers are those whom supposed to be the first beneficiaries of this work. Since the study shows them the way to run their businesses using the modern technology by introducing the applicability of e-commerce
INBOUND SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN FOR COFFEE PROCESSING: ALEMAYHU YIRDAW COFFEE PROCESSING PLC.
(Hawassa University, 2021-04-07) MILION BEKELE
Coffee is the most important export for the country, accounting for about 34 percent of the value of all exports in 2017/18. However, coffee farmers in producing area are operating at a loss due to selling at low prices to intermediaries who control the downstream channels. The correct transporting and processing of beans are a precondition for good quality coffee which might achieve a higher price. Drying in backyards without any equipment often compromises the quality. Therefore, to provide higher income to coffee farmers, effective integration of downstream operations is vital. This inbound supply chain network design should include the intermediate processes and transportation of coffee from primary market in each kebele to processing plant. The objectives of the thesis was to develop a mathematical model that selects the best supply and drying facility option for coffee product in the coffee processing industry; develop network design optimal cost of coffee drying facility and to identify and describe the key steps in the supply activity and coffee processing facility. In order to address the objectives of the research used questionnaire, interview, experiment and observation to collect data from different primary source of data. On the other hand, assessment of documents or reports of the transport cost, warehouse cost, and inventory cost, drying material cost and labor cost. The model is illustrated using a combination of real and simulated data from the coffee sector. To address the issues of limited plant capacity and increased delivery lead times, including a warehouse located closer to the plant is proposed. The selected options have an influence on the delivery lead time, because delivery lead times should not exceed that assured to processor, which impose restrictions in the model on delivery lead times for maintain the quality of coffee product. An alternative to improve the drying process has been the use of solar energy with solar dryers. Area limitation was used as a constraint in this optimization problem. The results of the optimization model indicated that the total production and transportation costs of the network can be reduced by 5.48% to 13.45%. And also the model selected greenhouse solar dryer facility for dry coffee parchment due to area limitation of the constraint which avoid congestion and mould formation for maintain the quality of coffee product
INBOUND SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN FOR COFFEE PROCESSING: ALEMAYHU YIRDAW COFFEE PROCESSING PLC
(Hawassa University, 2021-07-01) MILION BEKELE
Coffee is the most important export for the country, accounting for about 34 percent of the value of all exports in 2017/18. However, coffee farmers in producing area are operating at a loss due to selling at low prices to intermediaries who control the downstream channels. The correct transporting and processing of beans are a precondition for good quality coffee which might achieve a higher price. Drying in backyards without any equipment often compromises the quality. Therefore, to provide higher income to coffee farmers, effective integration of downstream operations is vital. This inbound supply chain network design should include the intermediate processes and transportation of coffee from primary market in each kebele to processing plant. The objectives of the thesis was to develop a mathematical model that selects the best supply and drying facility option for coffee product in the coffee processing industry; develop network design optimal cost of coffee drying facility and to identify and describe the key steps in the supply activity and coffee processing facility. In order to address the objectives of the research used questionnaire, interview, experiment and observation to collect data from different primary source of data. On the other hand, assessment of documents or reports of the transport cost, warehouse cost, and inventory cost, drying material cost and labor cost. The model is illustrated using a combination of real and simulated data from the coffee sector. To address the issues of limited plant capacity and increased delivery lead times, including a warehouse located closer to the plant is proposed. The selected options have an influence on the delivery lead time, because delivery lead times should not exceed that assured to processor, which impose restrictions in the model on delivery lead times for maintain the quality of coffee product. An alternative to improve the drying process has been the use of solar energy with solar dryers. Area limitation was used as a constraint in this optimization problem. The results of the optimization model indicated that the total production and transportation costs of the network can be reduced by 5.48% to 13.45%. And also the model selected greenhouse solar dryer facility for dry coffee parchment due to area limitation of the constraint which avoid congestion and mould formation for maintain the quality of coffee product
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF TABOR CERAMIC PRODUCTS S.C.
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-03) GUTEMA ALEMAYEHU
Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices are crucial for an organization to promote the effective management of its supply chain. These practices are initiatives that influence the whole supply chain. Therefore, this practice has great influence on the operational performance of any organization. In Tabor Ceramic Products S.C, the operational performance of the company is highly impacted by the problem in information sharing across the internal/external customers, by planning problems of the company which lead to unnecessary inventory and inefficient use of inventories. The study examines the role of supply chain management practices and the organizational performance at Tabor Ceramic Products S.C. by employing descriptive and explanatory research design with this study mix of qualitative and quantitative research approach. The required data were collected through a systematic random sampling technique from 236 employees of Tabor Ceramic Products S.C. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation and multiple linear regressions) were applied for analyzing the data. The findings show that the companies not well perform in strategic partnerships, customer relationship, high level of information sharing, information quality, as well as internal lean practices. Moreover, the findings show that there is a significant effect on organizational performance. If companies follow the proposed solutions, sustainable supply chain management (SCM) practices can be achieved and recommended that Tabor Ceramic Products S.C should take aggressive action on improving the supply chain management practice to improve its performance. This study contributes some part to the improving the supply chain management practice and to propose framework by describing to improve its performance in Tabor Ceramic Products S.C.
MODELING DISTRIBUTION CHANNE FLOW IN WHOLESALER: THE CASE OF HAWASSA ALLE BEJIMLA ENTERPRISE
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-05) HABTAMU YACOB LOHA
A distribution channel is a very important and vital aspect for every service-based industry. Since commodities usually consisted major portion of the total service of distribution in logistics, the flow of information and commodity become crucial in channel distribution. The motivation of the problem was observed in the shortage of information flow with the retailing system creates gaps between retailers and Alle Bejimla. Delaying in-retailer requests in lead time and distribution channel in commodity flow causes a gap in information and feedback from the retailer. This leads to customer dissatisfaction and an unbalanced supply-demand chain of need in information and commodity flows in the retailing system. The main objective of this research was to model distribution channels in the Alle Bejimla enterprise Hawassa branch. Under this, it accesses the distribution channel structure of consumable goods in the Alle Bejimla Hawassa branch, examines physical and information flow between Alle Bejimla and retailers, and proposes a distribution channel model. Literature reviews have used this thesis to develop a model for the distribution channel. The main approach used a questionnaires survey and personal observation of some registered retailers in Hawassa. Having a population size of 3988 total retailers quarter of them were targeted. The questionnaire was distributed to 96 responders and total 92 response was received. For the analysis of data statistical analysis by using SPSS software. The finding of the research indicated that the main impact on the logistics of distribution channels was reducing customer bridge, traditional commodity distribution channel, shortage in information flow, delaying in customer request, and moderate customer complaint platform. The result is summarized in the framework model that leads users to understand the current status and the concerning the model and factors used in the distribution channel of commodities and information between retailer and Alle Bejimla. In the research finding problems are shortage in stock, location of the warehouse, technological limitation on distribution, and lack of customer bridge. Finally, the conclusion and recommendation were given to the Enterprise Alle Bejimla and different institutions
OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETER BY USING SIMULATION- TAGUCHI APPROACH: A CASE OF HABTAMU SILA PLASTIC FACTORY IN HAWASSA CITY
(Hawassa Unversity, 2021-10-06) ADEME SISAY HAILE
The control of integrated manufacturing systems is usually complex. One approach that can accommodate such complexity is modeling the manufacturing processes on a computer. The primary objective of any company is to produce products with low cost. Process parameter optimization in a cost bases optimal selection of extrusion rate, setup time, feed rate, and capacity of the loading station. Besides, the use of computer simulation have been proposed and executed to tackle the issues of manufacturing cost reduction. A simulation model is an instrument in analyzing execution. Even though next studies of the outcomes of simulation can be used for investigation of design of experiment, investigation of optimum manufacturing process parameter to reduce the cost of manufacturing. Therefore, this paper deals with the optimization of process parameters in a manufacturing system to minimize the Unit Manufacturing Cost (UMC) of Un-plasticized Poly Vinyl Chloride pipes using a combined Simulation–Taguchi approach. With the new perspectives of integrated modeling, the study contributes to the body of knowledge, which also opens a new outlook for further studies. Taguchi design of experiment is useful for managing this study and L27 orthogonal array was selected. Thus, a significant factor along with their optimum combination is using Taguchi techniques to arrive at the least manufacturing cost. The results show that these methods can be useful in reducing the number of experimental trials needed to determine the best operating parameters. The results show that key parameters for optimum performance of the system are feed rate in to the hopper and the optimization of the extruder; The predicted unit cost of manufacturing the selected pipe model is 220 Birr and thus costs decreased by 28.8%., because the utilization of the machine increased by 33%, 34.6% for the worker from the actual performance. As part of the general outcome of this study, Taguchi method was helpful for reduction of unit manufacturing cost either at the product development or at process design stage and identifying optimum control parameter combinations
DESIGNING GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR HORIZON ADDIS TIRE MANUFATURING P.L.C
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-06) LEISO LIRANSO GICHAMO
The history of tire manufacturing goes back to early 19th century and in Ethiopia the tire manufacturing industry began in 1972 G.C, where Addis Tire S.C. is first of its kind and currently holds its new name “Horizon Addis Tire Manufacturing PLC”. However, the company being the leading tire manufacturing company, it continued to waste inputs and operated at low level of capacity resulted by different internal and external factors. In an existing status where companies eliminate wastes from their manufacturing and natural environment, HATMPLC imports almost all of its inputs from abroad followed by packaging wastes, and this is the point where the situation needs scientific inquiry and solution. The general objective of this study is to design green supply chain management model in Horizon Addis Tire Manufacturing PLC. Data is collected using interview, document review and observation approaches. Observation was made to understand and structure the tyre production process, eight detailed key informant interviews were carried out and essential documents from the company were reviewed. Data were analyzed in descriptive analyses for performance measurements and waste study. As a result, the existing supply chain structure of the company was structured, and its supply chain processes were discussed. The company is extremely dependent on import from abroad where all of raw materials, except for part of the natural rubber, are imported, and it has a production waste of about 16,129,099.4 in 2011 E.C and 14,366,005.5 ETB worth in 2012 E.C just from tire defect. The company had 55.9% and 48.9% of capacity utilization in 2011 E.C and 2012 E.C respectively, and it improved the reliability and responsiveness performance attributes while cost and flexibility attributes sustained and asset turn over and total supply chain management cost dragged down. Following this, a green supply chain management is designed through the designs of green supply chain processes in accordance with green Supply Chain Operations Reference by applying best practices. To conclude, although HATMPLC is producing essential product, its waste management performance is below its target set. The company needs a governmental attention in consideration with environmental management and market place since the company plays important role in fulfilling the domestic tyre demand and equally contribute to waste accumulation in the country
MODELING POST HARVEST LOGISTICS OPERATION OF PEPPER: A CASE OF HALABA ZONE
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-08) BEREKET TADIWOS MENEDO
Logistics Optimization models have been used extensively for reducing logistics costs and maximizing benefits. Those models are for enhancing the logistics chain. Post-harvest logistics operations are for agricultural logistics activity after harvest. This thesis concerns on agricultural sector post-harvest logistics operation of red pepper. The thesis was conducted on one of the Ethiopian pepper-producing area called Halaba Zone. Taking Halaba red pepper as a case study, the research attempted to analyze the existing logistics practices and distribution process of Halaba red pepper, to optimize the pepper logistics activities. Data were collected using a questionnaire, case study, observation, semi structured interview, and document analysis. The research uses SPSS software for statistical data analysis, Minitab19 software for regression analysis, Excel spreadsheet for Pareto analysis and Excel QM for LP transportation optimization model. The analysis of existing supply chain management practices indicates the availability of poor practices during logistics activities. The poor practices in logistics activities had a direct effect on pepper price inflation. In order to show correlation between price of pepper and logistics activities regression analysis conducted. The regression analysis result shows a positive correlation between logistics activities cost and price of pepper. After regression analysis Pareto analysis conducted taking four logistics activities costs as parameters. The need to conduct Pareto analysis is to give priority for greater contributor of logistics cost. Based on Pareto analysis transportation cost found as the greater contributor cost among logistics activities. Therefore transportation model built .The built transportation model can save 18.5343% of 2019/20 transportation cost of Halaban pepper. This percentile means the built model worth of saving were around 1,611,555 ETB. Based on this finding it‟s possible to conclude that measures taken in logistics activities can give positive result in minimizing price of pepper
MODELING DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL FLOW IN WHOLESALER: THE CASE OF HAWASSA ALLE BEJIMLA ENTERPRISE
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-11) HABTAMU YACOB LOHA
A distribution channel is a very important and vital aspect for every service-based industry. Since commodities usually consisted major portion of the total service of distribution in logistics, the flow of information and commodity become crucial in channel distribution. The motivation of the problem was observed in the shortage of information flow with the retailing system creates gaps between retailers and Alle Bejimla. Delaying in-retailer requests in lead time and distribution channel in commodity flow causes a gap in information and feedback from the retailer. This leads to customer dissatisfaction and an unbalanced supply-demand chain of need in information and commodity flows in the retailing system. The main objective of this research was to model distribution channels in the Alle Bejimla enterprise Hawassa branch. Under this, it accesses the distribution channel structure of consumable goods in the Alle Bejimla Hawassa branch, examines physical and information flow between Alle Bejimla and retailers, and proposes a distribution channel model. Literature reviews have used this thesis to develop a model for the distribution channel. The main approach used a questionnaires survey and personal observation of some registered retailers in Hawassa. Having a population size of 3988 total retailers quarter of them were targeted. The questionnaire was distributed to 96 responders and total 92 response was received. For the analysis of data statistical analysis by using SPSS software. The finding of the research indicated that the main impact on the logistics of distribution channels was reducing customer bridge, traditional commodity distribution channel, shortage in information flow, delaying in customer request, and moderate customer complaint platform. The result is summarized in the framework model that leads users to understand the current status and the concerning the model and factors used in the distribution channel of commodities and information between retailer and Alle Bejimla. In the research finding problems are shortage in stock, location of the warehouse, technological limitation on distribution, and lack of customer bridge. Finally, the conclusion and recommendation were given to the Enterprise Alle Bejimla and different institutions.
DESIGNING GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR HORIZON ADDIS TIRE MANUFATURING P.L.C
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-17) LEISO LIRANSO GICHAMO
The history of tire manufacturing goes back to early 19th century and in Ethiopia the tire manufacturing industry began in 1972 G.C, where Addis Tire S.C. is first of its kind and currently holds its new name “Horizon Addis Tire Manufacturing PLC”. However, the company being the leading tire manufacturing company, it continued to waste inputs and operated at low level of capacity resulted by different internal and external factors. In an existing status where companies eliminate wastes from their manufacturing and natural environment, HATMPLC imports almost all of its inputs from abroad followed by packaging wastes, and this is the point where the situation needs scientific inquiry and solution. The general objective of this study is to design green supply chain management model in Horizon Addis Tire Manufacturing PLC. Data is collected using interview, document review and observation approaches. Observation was made to understand and structure the tyre production process, eight detailed key informant interviews were carried out and essential documents from the company were reviewed. Data were analyzed in descriptive analyses for performance measurements and waste study. As a result, the existing supply chain structure of the company was structured, and its supply chain processes were discussed. The company is extremely dependent on import from abroad where all of raw materials, except for part of the natural rubber, are imported, and it has a production waste of about 16,129,099.4 in 2011 E.C and 14,366,005.5 ETB worth in 2012 E.C just from tire defect. The company had 55.9% and 48.9% of capacity utilization in 2011 E.C and 2012 E.C respectively, and it improved the reliability and responsiveness performance attributes while cost and flexibility attributes sustained and asset turn over and total supply chain management cost dragged down. Following this, a green supply chain management is designed through the designs of green supply chain processes in accordance with green Supply Chain Operations Reference by applying best practices. To conclude, although HATMPLC is producing essential product, its waste management performance is below its target set. The company needs a governmental attention in consideration with environmental management and market place since the company plays important role in fulfilling the domestic tyre demand and equally contribute to waste accumulation in the country
E-COMMERCE CHALLENGES AND THEORETICAL IMPLEMENTATION MODEL ADOPTION: CASES OF RETAILERS IN ADDIS ABABA & HAWASSA CITIES
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-20) AYENEW TSEGA ABATE
Retailing industries, enterprises and other businesses are operated globally with technologically advanced methods that can be mentioned in different names like e-commerce, online shopping, digital marketing and others. However, these business-running mechanisms are not even officially emerged in Ethiopia as it is expected due to many problems. The researcher identified these e commerce implementation barriers and proposed conceptual adoption frameworks that consider the Ethiopian infrastructures and other operational conditions. The data and necessary information for the study were obtained by using various scientific data collection mechanisms. These mechanisms include field observation, questionnaires, phone and face-to-face interviews. The target populations for this study were mainly online retailers found in Addis Ababa and traditional wholesalers, supermarkets found in Addis Ababa & Hawassa cities were considered in the study. However, the existed online shopping sites in Addis Ababa were interviewed and the detailed analysis was made. The data collected by using questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS software for the further solidification of the study. From the analyzed data; lack of infrastructure, absence of government policies and rules on e-commerce, absence of e-logistics, unavailability of payment methods, lack of interest, trust, security and awareness of both business owners and customers were basic barriers to adopt and implement e-commerce. At the end of this work based on the above influencing factors of e-commerce in Ethiopia and the review of benchmark e commerce adoption models from abroad, the new adoption model that fit with the current Ethiopian technological conditions was proposed. This proposed e-commerce adoption model was justified through the multinomial regression analysis of the variables of the model by using SPSS software. This thesis has important contributions for different groups of the community in Ethiopia, which planned to involve in the retailing business. The business owners and their customers are those whom supposed to be the first beneficiaries of this work. Since the study shows them the way to run their businesses using the modern technology by introducing the applicability of e-commerce
OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETER BY USING SIMULATION- TAGUCHI APPROACH: A CASE OF HABTAMU SILA PLASTIC FACTORY IN HAWASSA CITY
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-22) ADEME SISAY HAILE
The control of integrated manufacturing systems is usually complex. One approach that can accommodate such complexity is modeling the manufacturing processes on a computer. The primary objective of any company is to produce products with low cost. Process parameter optimization in a cost bases optimal selection of extrusion rate, setup time, feed rate, and capacity of the loading station. Besides, the use of computer simulation have been proposed and executed to tackle the issues of manufacturing cost reduction. A simulation model is an instrument in analyzing execution. Even though next studies of the outcomes of simulation can be used for investigation of design of experiment, investigation of optimum manufacturing process parameter to reduce the cost of manufacturing. Therefore, this paper deals with the optimization of process parameters in a manufacturing system to minimize the Unit Manufacturing Cost (UMC) of Un-plasticized Poly Vinyl Chloride pipes using a combined Simulation–Taguchi approach. With the new perspectives of integrated modeling, the study contributes to the body of knowledge, which also opens a new outlook for further studies. Taguchi design of experiment is useful for managing this study and L27 orthogonal array was selected. Thus, a significant factor along with their optimum combination is using Taguchi techniques to arrive at the least manufacturing cost. The results show that these methods can be useful in reducing the number of experimental trials needed to determine the best operating parameters. The results show that key parameters for optimum performance of the system are feed rate in to the hopper and the optimization of the extruder; The predicted unit cost of manufacturing the selected pipe model is 220 Birr and thus costs decreased by 28.8%., because the utilization of the machine increased by 33%, 34.6% for the worker from the actual performance. As part of the general outcome of this study, Taguchi method was helpful for reduction of unit manufacturing cost either at the product development or at process design stage and identifying optimum control parameter combinations