Agronomy

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    EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATES ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF MALT BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) VARIETIES IN KOFELE WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) AHMED GELETO
    Malt barley being an important cash crop of Kofele Woreda and was cultivated for both home consumption and for market. However, its productivity and grain quality was constrained mainly by low yielding varieties and application of low levels of N fertilizers. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, yield, yield components and quality of malt barley varieties and to determine economic optimum rates of nitrogen fertilizer that give high grain yield of acceptable malt quality. A three malt barley varieties (Traveler, IBON and Local) and four levels of N fertilizer rate (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1 ) was arranged in three replications of RCBD. Data was collected on 12 agronomic and seven malt quality traits. The study revealed that the N main effect was significant for all agronomic and quality traits except for TKW, HI, and GPR. There was significant difference among the varieties in DH, DM, PH, SL, NET, KPS, GPR, GPS, HLW and GE. The VxN interaction was significant for DH, DM, PH, SL and two of the seven quality traits (AE and HLW; malt quality traits were less affected by GxE interaction. The study revealed that nitrogen fertilization with 150kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer rate improved barley yield and quality.The maximum (3904.75kg ha-1 ) and minimum (2977.25kg ha-1 ) grain yield were observed from Travelear treated with 150 kg ha-1 N and IBON treated with 0 kg ha-1 N, respectively. In the present investigation, quality parameters increased with an increase in N rate, application of 150 kg N ha-1 gave the highest quality parameters studied except sieve test. Partial budget analysis revealed maximum net benefit of Birr 78095 ha-1 with an acceptable marginal rate of returns (MRR) of 2675.7% with the treatment Traveler variety with combination of 150kg N ha-1 . The lowest net benefit of (Birr 59545 ha-1 ) was recorded from IBON barley variety treated with 0 kg ha-1 Nitrogen fertilizer rate. Therefore, production of Traveler variety in combination with 150 kg N ha-1 was economical, and recommended for production of malt barley in the study area.
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    RESPONSE OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) GENOTYPES TO INORGANIC FERTILIZER TYPES UNDER ACIDIC SOIL OF HAGERESELAM, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) HAILU HAMESO
    Barley is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It is a staple food grain, especially for Ethiopian highlanders. However, the barley productivity is commonly influenced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Soil acidity is one of the main environmental factors affecting growth and crop yield. Field experiment was conducted on acidic soil of Hagereselam, southern Ethiopia in 2019 cropping season to evaluate the performance of barley genotypes in terms of yield and yield components under different inorganic fertilizer types. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement with three replication and consisted of four fertilizer types (control, NP, NPS and NPSB) and four barley genotypes (217176b, 240478, 234911b and 208855b) and one barley variety (HB- 1307) as a check. Both main and interaction effects influenced days to physiological maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers m -2 , above ground total biomass and grain yield. However, days to heading, spike length, number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, straw yield and harvest index were only affected by main effects. Barley Genotype 217176b with NPSB fertilizer exhibited the highest grain yield of (4.9 ton ha -1 ). However, it did not significantly differ from the yield obtained from the same genotype under NP (4.72 ton ha -1 ) and genotype 240478 with NPSB fertilizer application (4.58 ton ha -1 ). The lowest yield was recorded from genotype 208855b with control fertilizer. Genotypes 217176b and 240478 were categorized as efficient and responsive to fertilization under the evaluation. The highest marginal rate of return (MRR %), 3745.35, recorded from the application of recommended rates of NPSB fertilizer for genotype 217176b. Greater net benefits with more than the minimum acceptance value of 100% of MRR were obtained for the same genotype with NP. Similarly economically acceptable performances were obtained for genotype 240478 either with NPSB or NP fertilization. Given the fact that grain yield performance between the two genotypes in combinations either with NPSB or NP is not statistically significant, either of the two genotypes with the NPSB or NP fertilizer can be recommended for barley production in acidic soils of Hagereselam and acidic soils of similar agro-ecologies in the highlands of Ethiopia. Further studies that are replicated at least over seasons are needed to investigate response of the two promising barley genotypes to application of inorganic fertilizers under acidic soil conditions in order to come up with a conclusive recommendation.