Agronomy

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    EFFECTS OF BLENDED NPS FERTILIZER RATES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETIES IN GORCHE DISTRICT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) TAMIRU ELIAS YETERA
    Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop in the southern highland of Ethiopia; however, its yield is low due to low productivity of farmers cultivar in use and a decline in soil fertility due to nutrient depletion. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of blended NPS fertilizer rates on the growth, yield, and yield components of bread wheat varieties and their economic viability in the Gorche district of the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia, during the main cropping season of 2021. The factors studied consist of four fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg NPS ha-1 ), and three bread wheat varieties (Wane, Kingbird, and Hidase). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with a factorial arrangement with three replications. Days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of tillers, spike length, straw yield, number of kernels per spike, grain yield, and 1000 seed weight were significantly affected by both fertilizer rate and varieties, but their interactions were not significant. From the results of this study, a higher grain yield of 2884.4 kg ha-1 was obtained from the Hidase variety. Likewise, a higher grain yield (3363.0 kg ha-1) was obtained from 150 kg NPS ha-1 . However, the bread wheat yield obtained at NPS rates 100 and 150 kg ha-1 did not show statistically significant differences with each other. Moreover, the Hidase variety at 100 kg ha-1 NPS rate was found to be superior in terms of economic viability. Therefore, the Hidase variety and application of 100 kg NPS ha-1 were recommended for the study area. However, as the experiment was conducted only for a single season, the repeat of the study is suggested for more seasons around the Gorche area and similar agroecology.
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    EFFECTS OF SEED AND BLENDED FERTILIZER RATES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) AT DUNA DISTRICT, HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) BIRHANU ARASO LATEBO
    Bread wheat is one of the major staple and strategic food security crops in Ethiopia. However, the production and productivity of the crop are far below the global average. This is partly due to the low soil fertility and poor crop management practices including the use of suboptimal seed and fertilizers rates. Hence, this experiment was conducted to assess the effect of seed and blended fertilizer (NPSB) rates on the growth and yield of bread wheat; and determine the economically feasible seed and NPSB fertilizers rates for wheat production in the study area. Treatments consisting of four levels of seed rates (80, 100, 120, and 140 kg ha1 ) and four levels of blended NPSB fertilizers (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 ), was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block design in factorial combinations with four replications. Data were collected on phenology, growth, and yield parameters and subjected to ANOVA using SAS software version 9.0. Results revealed that the days to heading, days to physiological maturity, plant height, spike length, thousand kernels weight, straw yield, and above-ground dry biomass were significantly (p<0.01) affected by the main effect of seed and NPSB fertilizer rates. The longest days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and spike length were recorded at 80 kg ha-1 seed rate. The maximum thousand kernels weight was obtained from the 120 kg ha-1 seed rate. However, the tallest plant height, straw yield, and above-ground dry biomass were recorded at 140 kg ha-1 seed rate. The tallest plant height, spike length, number of kernels spike-1 , thousand kernels weight, straw yield, and above-ground dry biomass were obtained from 150 kg ha-1 NPSB rate. However, the longest days to heading and days to physiological maturity were recorded from the control. The treatment interactions significantly (p<0.05) affected the number of total tillers, number of productive tillers, grain yield, and harvest index. The highest number of total and productive tillers were recorded at the combination of 140 kg ha-1 seed rate with 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer rate. However, the highest grain yield and harvest index were recorded from the combination of 120 kg ha-1 seed and 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer rates. Grain yield was strongly and positively correlated with plant height, number of total tillers, number of productive tillers, number of kernel spike-1 and above-ground dry biomass. As per the partial budget analysis the highest net benefit of 81,914 ETB ha-1 was obtained from the combined application of 120 kg ha-1 seed rate with 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer with a MRR of 988.2%. Hence, the combination of 120 kg ha-1 seed and 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer rates are profitable than other combinations, therefore this combination can be recommended for wheat production in the Duna District and areas sharing similar agro-ecology.
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    RESPONSE OF MALT BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) TO DIFFERENT RATES OF NPSB AND UREA FERTILIZERS IN BULE HORA WOREDA, GUJI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) ASHENAFI TADESSE FOLLA
    Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of major crops grown in Bule Hora woreda,oromia region South western Ethiopia. The soil in the area is poor in most of the available nutrients due to intensive soil erosion and long history of cultivation. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out in 2019 cropping season to evaluate response of malt barley to the different rates of NPSB and N fertilizer. The treatments consisted of four levels of NPSB (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg NPSB ha -1 ) and four levels of N (0, 23, 46, 69 kg N ha -1 ). The experiment was laid out in three replication of the randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The results revealed that the interaction effect had a highly significant (p<0.001) on Days to heading, Days to physiological maturity, thousand kernel weight, grain yield and Hectoliter weight. The main effect N fertilizer had a significant effect on spike length, number of tiller per plant, number of spikelet per spike and protein content. Blended NPSB also had significant (p<0.05) effect on number of effective tiller, above ground biomass. Plant height had significantly (p<0.05) by blended NPSB and N fertilizer The highest yield (3691kgha -1 ) was recorded from the interaction effect of 150 kg NPSB ha -1 and 69kg N ha -1 . The partial budget analysis also indicated that the best treatments were interaction of 150 kg NPSB ha -1 and 69kg N ha -1 , which gave net benefits of 63203 ETB ha -1 with acceptable marginal rate of return (5776%). Therefore, it could be concluded that application of 150 kg blended NPSB ha -1 with 69kg N ha -1 fertilizer rates were economically profitable yield and the application of 23kg N ha -1 acceptable for grain quality for malt barley production in the study area.