Water Resource

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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WOSHA AND WERKA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN WONDO GENET DISTRICT, SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2018-08-12) HENOK TESFAYE CHARINET
    Expanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performance below capacity. Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of a scheme by identifying where the critical problems occurred. Evaluation of irrigation schemes carried out at Wondo Genet SNNPRS, Ethiopia. The primary objective of evaluating Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes using internal and external indicators were to evaluate their performance and suggest possible interventions to enhance their capacity. Internal indicators including conveyance, application, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency, and deep percolation ratio were used at the head, middle and tail reach of each scheme. Moreover, external indicators of agriculture output, water supply, water delivery capacity and physical indicator were used for evaluating the schemes. The results showed that the conveyance, application, storage, distribution efficiency of 55.6, 48.2, 89.8 and 91.7%, respectively were found at Wosha irrigation scheme whereas 43.0, 59.0, 87.2 and 91.4%, respectively at Werka irrigation scheme. The agricultural output performance such as OPUIA, OPUCA, OPUIS, and OPUWC were 4213.97 US$/ha, 8732.29 US$/ha, 1.18 and 0.32, respectively at Wosha irrigation scheme and 5840.34, 8534.19, 1.77 and 0.42 respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. Water supply indicators such as RIS and RWS were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively for Wosha 0.48 and 0.55, respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. The result indicates that water delivery capacity of Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes were 1.56 and 1.32, respectively. Physical indicators revealed that irrigation ratio of 0.89 and 0.78 and sustainability of irrigated area of 2.07, and 1.46 were found at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Among the internal indicators, application efficiency was very low especially at Wosha irrigation scheme due to higher water loss through deep percolation. The overall efficiency was also below the desired level, where 26.8 and 25.4 %, respectively realized at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Based on the above observation, adoption of water saving practices such as deficit irrigation, surge and cutoff application to improving application, conveyance and distribution systems can enhance crop productivity per unit irrigation water
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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GOLDA SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME IN ASSOSA WOREDA, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2019-10-27) MINIEBEL FENTAHUN MOGES
    Evaluation of the performance of irrigation schemes helps to know the present status of the scheme and to apply possible measures for improvement. Golda small scale irrigation scheme was found in Assosa, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia and had a service of six years. The performance of Golda Small Scale Irrigation Scheme had not been evaluated before this study. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the scheme by considering water delivery performance, on field water management performance and organizational setups and their performance for irrigation water management and maintenance. Primary data collected through field measurements and household field survey, and secondary data from different sources were used. Water delivery was evaluated by external indicators such as conveyance efficiency, relative water supply and relative irrigation supply. Both internal and external indicators were used for evaluating on field water management performance. The internal indicators were application efficiency, storage efficiency, distribution uniformity and deep percolation ratio. The external indicators like agricultural out puts, physical and financial indicators were used. The result of conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, storage efficiency, distribution efficiency and deep percolation ratio, were 53%, 51.6%, 91.6%, 80.76% & 40% respectively. The value of relative water supply and relative irrigation supply were 1.6 and 1.2 respectively. The result of output per unit command area, output per unit irrigated area, output per unit water supply and output per unit water consumed were 3542.66US$, 4306.76US$, 1.42 and 0.69, respectively. The result of the physical indicators, which were irrigation ratio and sustainability of irrigated area, were found to be 0.82 and 1, respectively. Around 54% of gross return on investment was obtained.. About 67.6% of respondents reflected the maintenance condition of the irrigation scheme was bad. Unfair distribution of water was due to water scarcity and illegal water users as the beneficiaries responded. Generally, the scheme requires improvement measures
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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AYSERAWM MEDIUM SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME AND PERCEPTION OF FARMERS IN MOJANA WEDERA WOREDA, AMHARA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2021-10-27) HABTAM GETIE NEGASH
    Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays an important role to identify the gaps and applying essential measures for improvement. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Ayserwm medium scale irrigation scheme and farmers perceptionin Mojana Wedera Woreda, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia using internal and external indictors. To achieve the objectives, primary data were collected throughfiled observation, determination ofsoil moisturebefore and after irrigation, discharge measurements, soil physical properties and household survey, whereas secondary data were collected from different sources. CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to calculate crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling and SPSS version 26 was used to analysis the collected data from household surveys. The selected internal indicators conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, deep percolation ratio, storage efficiency, distribution uniformity and the external indicators agricultural, water use and physical performance indicators. The result of conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, deep percolation ratio, storage efficiency and distribution uniformity were 62.36%, 58.16%, 41.84%, 63.18%, and 86.45%, respectively. Which leads to an overall scheme efficiency of 36.27%. From the analysis of external indicators, the value of output per irrigated area, output per command area, output per unit water deliver and output per unit water consumed were 379,643.5birr/ha, 457,538.2birr/ha, 121birr/m3 and 96birr/m3 , respectively. The result of water use indicators, which is relative water supply and relative irrigation supply, value were becomes 0.79 and 0.88 respectively. The result of irrigation ratio and sustainability of irrigated area were 1.2 and 2.9, respectively. From the total beneficiary farmers 80 beneficiaries were selected by using random sampling technique. During the assessment of farmer’s perception about the irrigation scheme performance, the respondents reported that the major problems that make the performance of the scheme to be poor were overflow of irrigation water on the canal, water theft, maintenance problem, and water shortage and water utilization conflict. Based on the result of this study the performance efficiency of the scheme is poor; it requires applying necessary measures to achieve good performance of the scheme