Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture

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    IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L) PRODUCTION AND FARMERS’ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN HAWASSA ZURIA DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) KORMA GIDESSA
    Climate change which is one of the challenges facing the world and is increasingly affecting peoples’ food security and livelihood specially in developing countries including Ethiopia. This research assessed the impact of climate change on Maize production and adaptation strategies of the farmers in Hawassa Zuria district, Sidama regional state of Ethiopia. The study used multi stage sampling procedure. Purposive and random sampling procedures were used to select study area and respondents respectively. Primary data were collected using key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household surveys. Similarly, secondary data were collected from National Metrology Agency and District agriculture office. Descriptive statistics, correlation, Multinomial logit model, Adaptation Strategy Index and Standardized Precipitation Index were used to analyse the collected data. According to the survey results, about 66.1% of the respondents perceive that, the rainfall amount in the study area is decreasing. However, long term recorded rainfall data showed that the annual rainfall is increasing by the rate of 3.65 mm annually over the past 30 years. The mean annual rainfall was 968.5mm with 14% of coefficient of variation which is less variable based on degree of variability. Similarly, 85.30% of interviewed farmers said that temperature is in increasing trend, which confirms the results from the analysis of long-term recorded data by National Metrology Agency that indicated the mean average minimum and maximum temperatures are increasing by 0.062 oC and 0.028 oC per annum respectively. The data obtained from National Metrology Agency and Woreda agriculture office also showed that, the rainfall of the annual and summer (Kremit) season were positive and significantly correlated with Maize production. However, negative relationship was observed between long-term maximum temperature and Maize production. The study had also shown that farmer’s adaptation measures include; using improved crop variety and livestock species, use of irrigation, soil and water conservation, change date planting, use agroforestry and income source diversification activities. The marginal effects of Multinomial logit model results also indicated that, the adaptation strategies used by farmers were significantly (p< 0.05) influenced by age, family size, farm land size, yearly income, access to extension service, access to credit service and farming experience , whereas; sex, did not have significant impact. Therefore, to increase and sustain farmers Maize productivity under changing climatic conditions; improving the agricultural production policy measures like: developing drought resistant crop varieties, improving farmers’ perception of climate information, and promoting farm-level adaptation measures such as the use of new agricultural technologies and adjusting planting date must be strengthened in the study area.
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    SMALLHOLDERFARMERS’PERCEPTIONSANDADAPTATIONSTRATEGIESTO CLIMATECHANGE:THECASEOFSHEBEDINOWOREDA,SIDAMANATIONAL REGIONALSTATE
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) DEGEFUDAFURSANARAMO
    Climate change remains a major threat for small holder living and sustainable management of natural resources in Ethiopia. Adaptation strategies vary contextually and spatially within communities and even among individuals, so that a given adaptation measures do not necessarily translate from one area to another area. The presentstudywasanattempttounderstandanddocumentthesmallholderfarmers’ perception and adaptation strategi es to climate change in Shebedino Woreda of Sidama NationalRegionalState.Thestudyemployedmixeddesignwhichwascarried-outby usingqualitati veandquantitativedescri ptions.Amultistagesamplingprocedurewas vestatisti usedtoselect145studysamplesanddatawerecollectedthroughhouseholdsurvey, focusgroupdiscussion,andkeyinformantinterview.Datawereanalyzedusing descripti cs,andmultinomiallogisti cregressionmodel.Theresultsrevealed thatmajority(84. 02and78.31%)ofthestudiedfarmersinWoina-DegaandDegaagro ecologicalzonesrespecti velywerewellawareoftheexistenceofclimatechangein theirlocal ity.I nassociationwithcli agro-ecol matechangethefarmersofWoina-DegaandDega ogyhasexperiencedrainfal lhasdecreased,increasi ngtemperature,extended dryseasonleadtodrought,dryspellfrequencyi ncreased,increasei infestati npestsanddisease onasaresultofhighhumidity,heavywindwhichcanaffectthefieldcrop, dryingofriversandstreams,anddi storti onanddestructionofwildl ifeecosystemsasa resultofdeforestati on.Amongtheunderlingfactorstowhichsuchachangeis attri vity,l butedtoincludesthechangeinstateofclimatehasresultedinreductionof livestockproducti ow cropproductivity,lesspasture/grassforlivestock, fail ure,increasedcompetiti onforfertil eland,increasi crop ngscarcityofnaturalresources (changeinforestandbiodi versity),abandonmentoftradi tionalacti changeinwateravailabil ityforcropandlivestock,andi viti es,lossofincome, ncreasedrural-urbanmi gration forthefarmersofWoina-degaandDegaagro-ecologicalzones.Thestudyrevealsthat smallholderfarmersareadj ustingthei rselftothepercei vedimpactsofclimatechange. Theadaptationstrategi esusedwere:droughttolerantcropvarieti es/li vestockspecie