Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/320

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CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES AND THEIR DETERMINANATS: THE CASE OF WONDO GENET WOREDA, SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2025) ADUGNA FICHE
Agriculture is a sector that dominates Ethiopia's economy which suffers from increasing frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters. In the past few years, reducing vulnerability and adapting to climate change through implementing sound adaptation strategies has become an urgent issue for the world's developing countries like Ethiopia. This study also assessed climate change, adaptation strategies and their determinants in wondo genet woreda. A total of 123 households were randomly and purposive selected from two rural kebeles of wondo genet woredas, Sidama national regional state, Ethiopia. Data were collected through households’ survey, focus group discussions, field observations and key informant interview, and thereby analyzed through a descriptive statistics and multi nominal logit model. The results also showed that 84.55% of the respondents perceive a decrease in rainfall amount, while 87.8% perceived an increase in temperature over the past 30 years which was supported by rainfall and temperature trend analysis of Hawassa metrological Agency data (1992- 2022). The result also showed that the most widely preferred adaptation methods by farmers were planting drought resistance crop (88.99%), building water harvesting scheme (85.5%), crop diversification (56.9%), changing planting date (43.9%), soil and water conservation (56.9%), use of irrigation (86.2%), and farming to non-farming activity (66.6%). The logistic regression model result showed that gender and age of the household, accesses to extension service, accesses to credit, and accesses to climate information, farm size, family size, farm income, and nonfarm income are the most significant factors that influence farmers’ adaptation to climate change. The regional government and non-governmental organizations must therefore help to improve farmers' adaptation capacity by providing credit accesses, enhancing farmers with awareness of climate change adaptation strategies and technologies, providing extension services as well as formal and informal education, and investing on the long run climate mitigation projects.
Effect of Climate Variability and Change on Crop production and Adaptation Strategies of Farming Community in Aleta Wondo Woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) MARU KONTE BETA
Climate change poses huge challenges to the global economy and to social development. Especially, Africa is highly vulnerable to the potential effects of climate change, while Ethiopia is often cited as one of the most vulnerable and with the least capacity to respond and adapt. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of climate variability and change on crop production and adaptation strategies employed by the farmers in Aleta Wondo woreda. The study was based on a cross-sectional survey of 188 sample households. Primary data were collected by survey, interviews and focus group discussions, while, the secondary data were accessed from National Meteorological Agency and Woreda Agricultural offices. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Multinomial logit (MNL) model was used to identify factors influencing farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to the effects of climate change. The results showed that, 93.1% of respondents perceived decreasing trends of rainfall and 98.4% of the respondents reported temperature was increasing. However, according to the data obtained from NMA, the trend of RF was increasing by the rate of 2.035mm per annum. The effects of climate change were responsible to reduction of crop productivity, partial crop losses, increased pest incidence, and reduced production area. The highest correlation values of crop yield with the belg rainfall at (p≤0.01)) were observed. From the total households 25% of the sample households were practicing crop diversification as adaptation strategy in crop production. Adaptation strategies considered in the MNL model analysis for crop production were crop diversification, soil and water conservation, planting trees, using improved seeds, growing drought resistance crop varieties and changing planting date; Age, education, family size, of household, climate information, extension and credit services are factors that contribute different levels of adaptive capacity within the community. In conclusion the study indicated that small changes in rainfall patterns can result in significant effect on the livelihoods of the farming community. Therefore, the need to strengthen adaptation options, importance of resources and appropriate and timely information on future climate change so as to alert them to take appropriate averting actions are important
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L) PRODUCTION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF THE FARMING COMMUNITY IN HAWASSA ZURIA WOREDA, SIDAMA REGION
(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) TIMOTIWOS MICHAEL DIDISO
Climate change which is one of the challenges facing the world and is increasingly affecting peoples’ food security and livelihood specially in developing countries including Ethiopia. This research assessed the impacts of climate change and variability on Maize production and adaptation strategies of the farming community in Hawassa Zuria Woreda. The study used multi stage sampling procedure. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select study area. Primary data were collected using key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household surveys with 184 households. Similarly, secondary data were collected from NMA and HZWANO. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, Mann Kendall trend test, MNL, ASI and SPI were used to analyze the collected data. According to the survey results, about 81% of the respondents perceive that, the rainfall amount in the study area is decreasing. However, long-term recorded rainfall data showed that the annual rainfall is increasing by the rate of 2.216 mm annually over the past 33 years despite statistically non-significant. The mean annual rainfall was 968.5mm with 14% of coefficient of variation which is less variable based on degree of variability. Similarly, 85.30% of interviewed farmers said that temperature is in increasing trend, which confirms the results from the analysis of long-term recorded data by NMA that indicated the mean average minimum and maximum temperatures are increasing by 0.062 oC and 0.028 oC per annum respectively. The data obtained from HZWANO and NMA also showed that, the rainfall of the spring (Belg) season was positive and significantly correlated with Maize production. However, negative relationship was observed between long-term maximum temperature and Maize production. The study had also shown that farmer’s adaptation measures include; using improved crop variety, mixed crop livestock system, use of irrigation, soil and water conservation, adjusting planting date and income diversification activities. The marginal effects of MNL model results also indicated that, the adaptation strategies used by farmers were significantly (p< 0.05) influenced by age, family size, farm land size, monthly income and livestock ownership, whereas; sex, access to extension service, access to credit service and farming experience did not have significant impact. Therefore, to increase and sustain farmers Maize productivity under changing climatic conditions; improving the agricultural production policy measures like: developing drought resistant crop varieties, improving farmers’ perception of climate information, and promoting farm-level adaptation measures such as the use of new agricultural technologies and adjusting planting date must be strengthened in the study area.