Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/320
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Item SMALLHOLDER FARMERS PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICES OF THEIR ADAPTATION PRACTICES: THE CASE OF LOKA ABAYA WOREDA, SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) NIGATU TUNSISA TUMICHAClimate change has currently been recognized across disciplines and groups of people as a serious challenge facing societies today. This study was motivated by the fact that smallholder farming as part of the broader agricultural sector locally affected by climate change while contributing to food security, economic growth and employment provision particularly in study area. This study sought to analyze Smallholder Farmers Perception of Climate Change and Factors Affecting Choices of Their Adaptation Practices: The case of Loka Abaya Woreda, Sidama Region. It further aimed to identify small holder farmers’ perception on climate change, adaptation practices to CC at farm level and to analyze factors affecting adoption of different adaptation strategies by small holder farmers. The study used cross sectional survey design to accomplish the study. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 148 sample respondents. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to while collecting study data. To collect the required data household survey, FGDs, and KIIs were used from primary data sources. Furthermore the study collected secondary data sources from published and unpublished materials. Descriptive statistics and econometric model was used to analyze the objectives of the study. The finding of study indicated that the state of climate of the area has been changing when a comparison is made with over 30 years based on perceptions of smallholder farmers, local elders, local leaders and experts. Most of the interviewed small holder farmers had experienced the change in climate; fully aware that temperature is getting warmer, rainfall has decreased, occurrence of drought, rainfall starting latter, unpredictable rainfall, and risk of crop and livestock diseases have increased due to climate change. This had impacted crop production through crop failure and reduced yield. Furthermore, other major losses incurred due to climate change could be ordered sequentially as livestock productivity decreased, crop area reduced, income reduced, high food costs, and river run off decreased, crop/ animal disease outbreaks, plant species decreased/loss , dependency on relief increased (food insecurity) as the other impacts of climate change, respectively. The main farming’s adaptation strategies to CC used by smallholder farmers in Loka abaya woreda were found to be: crop diversification, diversifying sources of livelihood, planting/keeping drought tolerant crops/livestock, use of agro-forestry and reforestation/ afforestation as the main climate change adaptation strategy in the study area. Other important climate change adaptation strategies used by the farmers in the study areas include: Soil and water conservation techniques, use of irrigation system/water storage, changing planting dates, incomes from remittances, and out migration from climate risk areas. The findings of multinomial logistic regression model (MNL) explained that out of eleven selected variables, six of them (age, family size, farm size, education, contact with extension personnel, access to credit service ,attaining information on climate change and distance from market) were statistically significant factors that affect small holder farmers use of adaptation strategies to climate change in study area. The study, therefore, recommends, local governments, research institutions and farmers needed to be mainstreamed and institutional networks strengthened in order for effective and stable small holder farmers based adaptation practice to inevitable climate change.Item IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF LEMO DISTRICT, HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) TEMESGEN DEFAR DOBAMOClimate change is one of many challenges that negatively affect climate-dependent livelihoods. Agriculture in general and smallholder farming in particular is vulnerable to climate variability and change. The study area is potential for wheat and teff production, however, the yield is declining due to the climate change effect. This research aimed to assess the impacts of climate change on teff and wheat production and adaptation strategies implemented by the farmers in Lemo District, Hadiya Zone. This research designed to cross-sectional (one shot) and time series research methods were employed. For this purpose 150 respondents were selected using multy-stage sampling technique from three kebele’s. To collect data, interview schedule, key informant interview and focus group discussions instruments were implemented. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to analyze the collected data. About 88.%) of the respondents have indicated that the rain fall amount has decreased during the last three decades. Similarly, the meteorology data confirmed that the annual rainfall is declining by a rate of 7.08 mm annually over the past 29 years. The mean annual rain fall was 1143.7 mm and coefficient of variance was 38.2% which means highly variable based on degree of variability. Similarly, 69% of the respondent confirmed an increasing trend in temperature. According to the meteorology data, mean average temperature is increasing by 0.056oC per annum. The teff and wheat producing farmers also found to practice several adaptation options including crop diversification 38.7%, selecting drought tolerant crops 22.6%, planting dates adjustment 30.7%, practicing soil and water conservation 31.3%, and supplemental irrigation 14.7% in response to climate impact on crop production. The marginal multinomial logit model /MNL/ results indicated that the choice of adaptation options used by farmers were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by age, education, farm size, access to extension service, credit and climate information. The overall analysis leads to conclude that despite the presence of awareness on climate change and its likely effects on livelihoods of the farmers, development intervention at local level were not systematically designed to address the problems of the resource poor farmers with regard to climate change effect. Therefore, an urgent need to work on strengthening the existing awareness, and timely dissemination of climate information and introduction and promotion of suitable adaptation option, to overcome the impacts of climate change on crop production.Item CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES AND THEIR DETERMINANTS IN RURAL LOKA ABAYA WOREDA, SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University college of Agriculture, 2020) ADISU PETROS DESALEGNMany studies have shown that climate change has adverse impacts on human welfare, agriculture, natural resources and development activities in Ethiopia in general and sidama Region in particular (Deressa et al., 2011; Kassie et al.,2013; Hamesso, 2013; Seyum, 2014). The objectives of study were: 1) to explore effects of climate change and variability on agricultural based livelihood systems, 2) to analyse trends of climate variability in terms of temperature and annual rainfall in the study área, 3) to assess the existing responses and adaptation measures being practiced to climate change and variability, and 4) to identify determinants of climate change adaptation strategies. Three stage sampling technique was employed to select 188 study sample respondents. Both primary and secondary data was collected. Primary data were collected from the household survey; Key informant intervew and Focus group discation. Secondary data were reviewed from offices and published sources. Both descriptive and econometric model were used to analyze data collected SPSS version 20 and STATA 14.2 version software were used for data entry and analysis. Based on the study result 95.2% agreed the state of climate is changing, 90.4% reported decreasing rainfall, 93.9% indicate the increasing temperature. On the other hand, the households replied that extreme heat, drought, and increasing change in wind intensity, respectively. Moreover, time series data revealed that both mean rainfall and temperature were decreasing and increasing, respectively. The climate change impacts experienced by respondents in resulted reduced productivity/yield, increases pests/insects/diseases, use of traditional crop varieties decreased (, cropping pattern has changed , traditional irrigation sources like pond has reduced, and reduced cultivated land . Sample households agreed that climate change increased scarcity of forages, grass species composition, decreased productivity (mainly milk and its products), decreased livestock number, and shortage of drinking water availability. Moreover, results revealed, out of the total studied households(74.58%) agreed that climate change reduced income, while 69.17% believed it affected business items (increased price of food), and 26.34% reported climate change increased dependency on relief programs. The identified main adaptation strategies in response used by sample respondents were, crop diversification, improved crop varieties, reducing livestock number, tree plantation, crop rotation and intercropping, soil and conservations practices and non-farm incomes. According to marginal effects of MNL result the significantly determining factors for a choice of adaptation strategies were age, family size, education status of household, farm size, livestock ownership, extension service, access to credit service, climate change information and non-farm income of household. The study recommends that farmers, local government, and research institutitutions ought to work on collectivelly about the socio economic and institutional factors challenging farmers in the study area to encourage use of available opportunities to adapt and enhance their long term resilience to climate change.