Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/320

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Climate Change

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    IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L) PRODUCTION AND FARMERS’ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN HAWASSA ZURIA DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) KORMA GIDESSA
    Climate change which is one of the challenges facing the world and is increasingly affecting peoples’ food security and livelihood specially in developing countries including Ethiopia. This research assessed the impact of climate change on Maize production and adaptation strategies of the farmers in Hawassa Zuria district, Sidama regional state of Ethiopia. The study used multi stage sampling procedure. Purposive and random sampling procedures were used to select study area and respondents respectively. Primary data were collected using key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household surveys. Similarly, secondary data were collected from National Metrology Agency and District agriculture office. Descriptive statistics, correlation, Multinomial logit model, Adaptation Strategy Index and Standardized Precipitation Index were used to analyse the collected data. According to the survey results, about 66.1% of the respondents perceive that, the rainfall amount in the study area is decreasing. However, long term recorded rainfall data showed that the annual rainfall is increasing by the rate of 3.65 mm annually over the past 30 years. The mean annual rainfall was 968.5mm with 14% of coefficient of variation which is less variable based on degree of variability. Similarly, 85.30% of interviewed farmers said that temperature is in increasing trend, which confirms the results from the analysis of long-term recorded data by National Metrology Agency that indicated the mean average minimum and maximum temperatures are increasing by 0.062 oC and 0.028 oC per annum respectively. The data obtained from National Metrology Agency and Woreda agriculture office also showed that, the rainfall of the annual and summer (Kremit) season were positive and significantly correlated with Maize production. However, negative relationship was observed between long-term maximum temperature and Maize production. The study had also shown that farmer’s adaptation measures include; using improved crop variety and livestock species, use of irrigation, soil and water conservation, change date planting, use agroforestry and income source diversification activities. The marginal effects of Multinomial logit model results also indicated that, the adaptation strategies used by farmers were significantly (p< 0.05) influenced by age, family size, farm land size, yearly income, access to extension service, access to credit service and farming experience , whereas; sex, did not have significant impact. Therefore, to increase and sustain farmers Maize productivity under changing climatic conditions; improving the agricultural production policy measures like: developing drought resistant crop varieties, improving farmers’ perception of climate information, and promoting farm-level adaptation measures such as the use of new agricultural technologies and adjusting planting date must be strengthened in the study area.
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    SMALLHOLDERFARMERS’PERCEPTIONSANDADAPTATIONSTRATEGIESTO CLIMATECHANGE:THECASEOFSHEBEDINOWOREDA,SIDAMANATIONAL REGIONALSTATE
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) DEGEFUDAFURSANARAMO
    Climate change remains a major threat for small holder living and sustainable management of natural resources in Ethiopia. Adaptation strategies vary contextually and spatially within communities and even among individuals, so that a given adaptation measures do not necessarily translate from one area to another area. The presentstudywasanattempttounderstandanddocumentthesmallholderfarmers’ perception and adaptation strategi es to climate change in Shebedino Woreda of Sidama NationalRegionalState.Thestudyemployedmixeddesignwhichwascarried-outby usingqualitati veandquantitativedescri ptions.Amultistagesamplingprocedurewas vestatisti usedtoselect145studysamplesanddatawerecollectedthroughhouseholdsurvey, focusgroupdiscussion,andkeyinformantinterview.Datawereanalyzedusing descripti cs,andmultinomiallogisti cregressionmodel.Theresultsrevealed thatmajority(84. 02and78.31%)ofthestudiedfarmersinWoina-DegaandDegaagro ecologicalzonesrespecti velywerewellawareoftheexistenceofclimatechangein theirlocal ity.I nassociationwithcli agro-ecol matechangethefarmersofWoina-DegaandDega ogyhasexperiencedrainfal lhasdecreased,increasi ngtemperature,extended dryseasonleadtodrought,dryspellfrequencyi ncreased,increasei infestati npestsanddisease onasaresultofhighhumidity,heavywindwhichcanaffectthefieldcrop, dryingofriversandstreams,anddi storti onanddestructionofwildl ifeecosystemsasa resultofdeforestati on.Amongtheunderlingfactorstowhichsuchachangeis attri vity,l butedtoincludesthechangeinstateofclimatehasresultedinreductionof livestockproducti ow cropproductivity,lesspasture/grassforlivestock, fail ure,increasedcompetiti onforfertil eland,increasi crop ngscarcityofnaturalresources (changeinforestandbiodi versity),abandonmentoftradi tionalacti changeinwateravailabil ityforcropandlivestock,andi viti es,lossofincome, ncreasedrural-urbanmi gration forthefarmersofWoina-degaandDegaagro-ecologicalzones.Thestudyrevealsthat smallholderfarmersareadj ustingthei rselftothepercei vedimpactsofclimatechange. Theadaptationstrategi esusedwere:droughttolerantcropvarieti es/li vestockspecie
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    ASSESSING LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN WEST BADEWACHO DISTRICT OF HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) KEBEDE BEKELE WOILEBO
    It is evident that climate change is real and rural farm households are focusing on several livelihood diversification options in response to climate change. In the study area, West Badewacho, the change in climate shifted households to carry out different livelihood strategies. The main aim of this study is to investigate livelihood diversification of farm households in response to climate change in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were collected to address the research objectives. Both Simple random sampling and systematic random sampling techniques were employed to collect the primary data from 147 household heads through interview; key informants interview, and focus group discussions. The secondary data were collected from Ethiopian National metrological agency. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics like mean, maximum, minimum, percentage and multinomial logit model by using SPSS version 20 and STATA 13 software. Four livelihood diversification strategies were identified in the study area. Those are on-farm only, on-farm and non-farm, on-farm and off-farm, and the combination of on-farm, non-farm and off-farm livelihood diversification strategies. Generally, from the total households about 34% of them are participated in on-farm and non-farm livelihood diversification strategies response to climate change and to pursue livelihood income. The result shows that a livelihood diversification strategy is significantly influenced by sex, education level, family size, farm land size, extension contact, credit access and saving habit. The most important practice to adapt climate change and variability is livelihood diversification in the study area.
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    CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES AND THEIR DETERMINANTS IN RURAL LOKA ABAYA WOREDA, SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University college of Agriculture, 2020) ADISU PETROS DESALEGN
    Many studies have shown that climate change has adverse impacts on human welfare, agriculture, natural resources and development activities in Ethiopia in general and sidama Region in particular (Deressa et al., 2011; Kassie et al.,2013; Hamesso, 2013; Seyum, 2014). The objectives of study were: 1) to explore effects of climate change and variability on agricultural based livelihood systems, 2) to analyse trends of climate variability in terms of temperature and annual rainfall in the study área, 3) to assess the existing responses and adaptation measures being practiced to climate change and variability, and 4) to identify determinants of climate change adaptation strategies. Three stage sampling technique was employed to select 188 study sample respondents. Both primary and secondary data was collected. Primary data were collected from the household survey; Key informant intervew and Focus group discation. Secondary data were reviewed from offices and published sources. Both descriptive and econometric model were used to analyze data collected SPSS version 20 and STATA 14.2 version software were used for data entry and analysis. Based on the study result 95.2% agreed the state of climate is changing, 90.4% reported decreasing rainfall, 93.9% indicate the increasing temperature. On the other hand, the households replied that extreme heat, drought, and increasing change in wind intensity, respectively. Moreover, time series data revealed that both mean rainfall and temperature were decreasing and increasing, respectively. The climate change impacts experienced by respondents in resulted reduced productivity/yield, increases pests/insects/diseases, use of traditional crop varieties decreased (, cropping pattern has changed , traditional irrigation sources like pond has reduced, and reduced cultivated land . Sample households agreed that climate change increased scarcity of forages, grass species composition, decreased productivity (mainly milk and its products), decreased livestock number, and shortage of drinking water availability. Moreover, results revealed, out of the total studied households(74.58%) agreed that climate change reduced income, while 69.17% believed it affected business items (increased price of food), and 26.34% reported climate change increased dependency on relief programs. The identified main adaptation strategies in response used by sample respondents were, crop diversification, improved crop varieties, reducing livestock number, tree plantation, crop rotation and intercropping, soil and conservations practices and non-farm incomes. According to marginal effects of MNL result the significantly determining factors for a choice of adaptation strategies were age, family size, education status of household, farm size, livestock ownership, extension service, access to credit service, climate change information and non-farm income of household. The study recommends that farmers, local government, and research institutitutions ought to work on collectivelly about the socio economic and institutional factors challenging farmers in the study area to encourage use of available opportunities to adapt and enhance their long term resilience to climate change.