Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/320
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Item ADOPTION OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICE AROUND LAKE HAWASSA, SIDAMA REGION, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) ENDALE ESRAELEthiopia is promoting SWC technologies for improving agricultural productivity, climate change adaptation, household food security and rural livelihoods. The effectiveness of these SWC practices that are alleged to enhance productivity is very important in order to evaluate their performance in reducing land degradation and rehabilitating the land. The major concern of this study is to analyze the adoption of soil and water conservation practice around Lake Hawassa. The data were collected from 150 farmers residing in 3 Kebeles that are randomly selected from 25 rural Kebeles where soil and water conservation have been introduced and widely implemented. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used to have reliable information. The basic data used for this study were collected from Sample households, focus group participants and key informants through structured questionnaire and semi-structured checklists. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as mean, frequency, percentages, tables, Chi-square and t-test and inferential statistical tools such as binary logistic regression model and multiple linear regression models. The survey data identified that out of the total (150) households, 100 (66.7%) were being adopted SWC activities in their lands while the rest 50 (33.3) households didn’t adopted SWC. The Chi-square result showed that sex, marital status, level of education, credit access and extension services were affects SWC positively and statistically at 5% significant level and the t-test result showed that age and land size affects SWC positively and statistically at 5% significant level. The logistic regression model showed that advisory services, training on SWC, number of family size and education level significantly influences adoption of SWC measure in the study area. The comparative analysis of maize production showed 17.5508 quintals average yield increment in case of SWC adopting households as compared to non-adopter during 2020/2021 production season. The results revealed positive relationships between total yield of maize and labor, seed, land, and oxen (draft access). Based on this result, labor and land are the most significant factors of maize production among SWC adopters. As more of these factors of production (land and labor) are used increasingly, there will exist more maize yield among the adopter households. This increased crop yield as a result introduction of SWC to farmer’s farm also enhanced their income, achieving food security and livelihood in the study area. The researcher recommends, the stakeholders need to work jointly to improve the farmer’s access to SWC training service, and provide different advisory services while promoting SWC technologies among small holders in the study area.Item EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS AND THEIR ADAPTATION MECHANISMS: THE CASE OF ADAMI TULU JIDO KOMBOLCHA DISTRICT, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University college of Agriculture, 2018) ABDISSA HATEWClimate change is a major challenge for agriculture, food security and rural livelihoods for many of people in the area. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of climate change on the livelihood of smallholder farmers and theirs adaptation mechanisms. The study was conducted in four rural kebeles of Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative (descriptive statistics and binary logit model) methods of data analysis. Primary data were collected from a randomly selected 200 sample households through interview and focus group discussion. Relevant secondary data were also obtained from National Meteorological Agency (NMA), other governmental offices, and the internet. The results obtained from the analysis of three decades meteorological data and the respondents’ perception on local climate change indicate an overall increase in temperature and high variability in belg and kiremt rainfalls. Local people perceived climate change induced hazards as increasing in terms of the occurrences of frequent drought, extreme heat, livestock disease and crop yield reduction. The findings also reveal that some elements of climate (temperature and rainfall) show annual and seasonal variability with slightly increasing trend. It is found that higher temperature and decreasing precipitation levels caused by climate change depresses crop yields and livestock production. The findings indicate that climate change has led to changing the planting time, declined crop yield and decreasing livestock production. The results of binary logit model analysis identified that age, sex, education level, TLU, number of oxen, farm size, off farm activities, distance to Farmers’ Training Centre and distance to market are the major determinants of households livelihoods as a measure of farmers food security. Changing planting date, implementing soil and water conservation techniques, use of improved crop varieties, use of irrigation and growing drought tolerant crops are the major adaptation mechanism employed by the farmers to adapt to climate change in the study area. In livestock production, farmers are found to decrease livestock numbers by selling the older ones, diversify livestock holdings and practice transhumance. Lack of awareness, shortage of money, poor information, shortage of land, lack or low access to irrigation, poor access to market, no or low access to credit, low access to agricultural inputs and low access to extension service as most important barriers to adaptation.