Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/320

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    EFFECTS OF DROUGHT ON RURAL HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR COPING MECHANISMS: THE CASE OF KACHA BIRRA WOREDA, KEMBATA TEMBARO ZONE, ETHIOPIA.
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2020) TESFAHUN TESSEMA TAFESSE
    Drought is one of the most devastating weather phenomena that has negatively affected Ethiopia over the decades. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on rural households and their coping mechanisms in Kacha Birra woreda, Kembata Tembero, Zone SNNPR, Ethiopia. Primary data, both of qualitative and quantitative types were collected sample households, focus group discussions (FGDs), and Key informants. A total of 292 sample households were selected from three sample kebles for individual interviews. Secondary data was collected from relevant line offices, the CSA and the woreda Meteorology Office. Descriptive statics, weighted average index, and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data .The results indicated that a decline in Crop yield was the most widely reported effects of drought with a weighted average index of 2.16. Among identified drought coping mechanisms, sale of household assets was the most widely reported while cultivating drought-resistant and short-season crops were the least reported ones. The findings from the multiple linear regression model showed that the household's drought coping mechanism is influenced by age, education, farm size, annual household income and access to credit influenced the coping mechanisms of the households in the study area. It is recommended that sustainable adaptation options and involvement of different institutional interventions are crucial to minimize and address the recurrent cycle of drought in the study area.
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    EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: ADAPTATIVE STRATEGIES IN TELTELLE DISTRICT OF BORANA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University college of Agriculture, 2019) GALMA HALAKE HUKA
    This study focused on effects of climate change on livestock production and adaptation strategies practiced by the pastoralists in Teltelle district. The specific objectives of the study were to analyze trends of rainfall and temperature data, to assess effects of climatic factors on livestock production, rangeland condition and adaptation strategies practiced by pastoralists of the district. The study was based on a cross-sectional survey of 185 sample households, six focus group discussions (each focus group discussions had 8 individual members), and 13 key informants. Primary data were collected using surveys, interviews and focus group discussions. Secondary data were obtained from Ethiopia National Meteorological Agency, Addis Ababa, and District Livestock Resource Development Office. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Long term trends of rainfall and temperature data were analyzed by linear trend analysis. Standard Precipitation index and Coefficient of Variation were used to analyze rainfall deficit and variability. Relationship between climate data and livestock population were analyzed by regression and correlation analysis. Climatic factors that affect livestock production and rangeland condition were analyzed using rank index method. Multinomial logit model was also used to analyze determinants of adaptation choice of herders. 90.9% and 87.9% of household respondents perceived decreasing trend of rainfall and increasing of temperature respectively. Thirty six years trend of annual rainfall decreasing by -0.7639mm per annual and mean annual minimum temperature increasing by 0.01680C. The 18 years of annual rainfall were below average (507.81+103.73mm) while 14 years categorized as drought years. Coefficient of Variation of main rainy season (31.97%) and short rainy season (33.9%) were highly variable but annual rainfall (20.43%) was moderately variable. The highest correlation values of livestock population were with the main rainy season (r = 0.855). Major factors affected livestock productions in the district were shortage of feeds, shortage of water and recurrent drought, while variability of rainfall, bush encroachment and flood affected availability and quality of feeds. 92.5% of sample households practiced adaptive strategies while 7.5% did not. Livestock mobility, livestock diversification, area enclosures and hay making were major adaptation strategies practiced by herders. The basic barriers to climate change adaptation were lack of capital, lack of information and reduction in number of livestock per households. In conclusion, rainfall variability and high drought frequency in the district affected livestock production, feed availability and quality, and reduced effectiveness of adaptation strategies practiced by pastoralists. Therefore, future policy better focus on improving water source management, improving livestock management, improving rangeland management, and encouraging the adaptation strategies applied by pastoralists.