College of Medicine and Health Science

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Start date: 2024Subject: search.filters.subject.Prevalence

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    The prevalence and associated risk factors of Intestinal Schistosomiasis in school age children at Dura (May Nigus) irrigational dam, Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia
    (hawassa university, 2024-10) TEKLAY ABRHA YANSHET
    A water-borne parasitic disease Schistosomiasis, caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma, continues to be a major public health issue in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa, including Northern Ethiopia's Tigray region. This study investigates the prevalence of S. mansoni and associated risk factors in the irrigational dams in Dura (May Nigus). A school age child-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Debrebrhan secondary and Dura elementary schools in the central Tigray region. Two hundred four schoolchildren aged from seven to twenty-one years were randomly selected to provide stool specimens for Schistosoma infection examination by Kato-Katz techniques. Of the 204 randomly selected students, 190(93.14%) passed the stool collection for stool specimen examination, and 24 (12.6%) were found positive for Schistosoma mansoni. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was significantly associated with (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOD)); for irrigation practice; 13.21, 95% CI (2.35, 74.20); p=0.003, for fetching water 14.52, 95% CI (2.82, 74.7); p=0.001, for washing clothes 6.4, 95% CI, (1.14, 35.4); p=0.035 respectively. Meaning thy are individually associated with S. mansoni presence. According to the retrospective data even-though there is decreasing intestinal case examination in St. Merry Hospital Axum for the past ten years the total prevalence(trend) for Schistosoma mansoni shows increasing from year to year with slight fluctuation in different age groups and genders. The most prevalent were in males among the age 10 to 25 years old. Based on the prevalence result for Schistosoma mansoni, now is the critical time to take controlling measurement and treatment in the community with a full campaign for elimination. A treatment of all school-age children once every two years is recommended with Snail control and non-specific control approaches, including the provision of clean water supply and health education, should also complement to the mass drug administration of praziquantel
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    PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING ADARE HOSPITAL HAWASSA, ETHIOPIA
    (hawassa university, 2024-11) BONTU DESU
    Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a significant public health issue, especially in regions with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IPIs and identify the associated risk factors among patients visiting Adare Hospital in Hawassa, Ethiopia. A health facility based cross-sectional study was conducted, with socio-demographic data collected through semi-structured questionnaires and stool samples analyzed using Direct Microscopy (Wet Mount) and Formal-Ether Concentration methods.. Data was analysed using SPSS version-27, by descriptive statistics and Logistic regression analyses. A p-value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance .Out of 422 stool samples, 152 (36.0%) tested positive for intestinal parasites. The most commonly detected parasites were Giardia lamblia (14.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (10.4%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (7.6%), while Hymenolepis nana was less frequently identified. Additionally, 16 participants (3.8%) had double infections. This study investigates the risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) in a specific population, focusing on age, income, occupation, hygiene practices, and access to clean water, dietary habits, and medical history. Findings reveal that Children aged 0-5 and 6-15 years face a higher risk of infection (AOR 1.509, p = 0.018), (AOR 1;59, P=0.17)respectively and low-income households, particularly those earning below 1000 NTS, are at greater risk (AOR 1.304, p < 0.01). Among occupations, students show a notably high risk (AOR 13.39, p < 0.001). Hygiene practices, especially hand washing with soap and water, significantly reduce IPI risk (AOR 0.188, p = 0.030), while limited access to clean water increases it (AOR 3.436, p < 0.001). Dietary habits, such as consuming raw meat or fish, are linked to higher infection rates (AOR 0.368, p = 0.001).These finding highlight critical risk factors, including age, income, occupation, hygiene, and water access and underscore the need for improved hygiene practices, sanitation, and access to clean water in Hawassa to mitigate the spread of parasitic infections. This study provides essential insights that can inform targeted public health interventions in the region.
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    PREVALENCE OF IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE HYPERGLYCEMIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ELECTIVE PEDIATRIC PATIENTS OPERATED IN THE SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
    (hawassa university, 2024-06) MULUALEM BUNARE
    Background: An increase in blood glucose levels immediately after surgery is known as immediate postoperative hyperglycemia, a serious risk for pediatric patients. It is linked to unfavourable results and extended hospital stays. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of immediate postoperative hyperglycemia and its associated factors among elective pediatric patients who operated in the southern Ethiopian Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, 2024 G.C. Methods: A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 elective surgical pediatric patients in three randomly selected University Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in southern Ethiopia from February 1 to April 30, 2024. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire and by reviewing patient charts. Two intern anesthesia students at each site collected data. The primary outcome variable was the prevalence of immediate postoperative hyperglycemia. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Binary logistic regression identified factors associated with postoperative hyperglycemia, with multivariable logistic regression using Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals to determine associations and statistical significance at a p-value of less than 5%. Result: In this study, the prevalence of immediate postoperative hyperglycemia was found to be 35.7%, 95% CI (31.3-40.8). Neonates (AOR: 4, 95% CI; 1.3-12.9), infants (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI; 1.2-9.76), toddlers (AOR: 3.73, 95% CI; 1.29-10.76), early childhood (AOR: 4.02, 95% CI; 1.47 10.96), general (AOR: 7, 95% CI; 2.4 -20) and regional anaesthesia (AOR 5, 95% CI 1.7-19.5), intraoperative dexamethasone (AOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.65-5.46), dextrose solutions (AOR 3.33, 95% CI 1.67-6.65), and neurosurgical (AOR 3.68, 95% CI 1.19-11.33) and general surgery (AOR 3.66, 95% CI 1.24-10.84) were significantly associated to postop hyperglycemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of immediate postoperative hyperglycemia was 35.7% (95% CI: 31.3 40.8). Recommendations: vigilant glucose monitoring in high-risk pediatric patients post-surgery. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and interventions to prevent hyperglycemia.
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    PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUAL VIOLENCE AMONG FEMALE HOUSEMAIDS ATTENDING EVENING PRIMARY PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN HAWASSA CITY, SIDAMA, ETHIOPIA: A MIXED METHOD STUDY.
    (Hawassa University, 2024-06) MAEREGE HABTNEH
    Introduction: Threats of rape, attempted rape, rape, sexual harassment, and coerced sexual contact are examples of sexual violence. One of the groups of workers most at risk from sexual violence worldwide is the housemaid. Sexual violence against housemaids remains usually concealed as victims cannot report such offences. This study aims to assess prevalence and factor associated with sexual violence among female housemaid attending evening public schools in Hawassa city, Sidama region, Ethiopia. Objectives. This study intended to assess the prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence among housemaids attending evening primary public schools at Hawasa 2024. Method. School-based cross-sectional study complemented with qualitative approach was conducted among 405 housemaids and 13 purposely selected participant. Simple random sampling was used for the quantitative part while purposive sampling was done to select key informants. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire by Kobo Collect for quantitative study then exported to SPSS, while key-informant interview using semi structured interview guide was used for the qualitative study. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done to assess the association between independent and dependent variables. The strength of association was determined using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with their corresponding 95 % confidence interval. P-values of <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Tables and diagrammatical presentation were used, and mean with standard deviation were used to interpret continuous variables. ATLAS.ti was used for qualitative data analysis. Finally, the finding was explained by triangulating with the quantitative findings in the result. Result: The prevalence of sexual violence among was 67.9% (95% CI: 63%-72%). The odd of sexual violence was higher among housemaids whose agreement were daily (AOR=11.173, 95% CI =1.220, 15.298), there employer drunk alcohol (4.174, 95% CI = 1.851, 9.416), housemaids origin from rural area (AOR= 2.95 (1.56, 5.55), whereas housemaid living with another housemaid in the household were less likely to face sexual violence (AOR=0.429, 95% CI = 0.218, 0.844). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of sexual violence among housemaids. Types of agreement, origin of the housemaid, and presence of other housemaid and employers alcohol consumption were significantly associated with sexual violence.
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