College of Medicine and Health Science
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Item INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AMONG PEDIATRIC SURGICAL PATIENTS AT HAWASSA UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, 2023, A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY(hawassa university, 2023-11) ENDESHAW WALEBackground: Post-operative pain is a type of acute pain that may develop following surgical exposure and is triggered by an inflammatory reaction and the activation of afferent neural cells. In Ethiopia, there is insufficient data about postoperative pain incidence, predictors, and management in the pediatric population despite the existence of evidence-based worldwide reports. Objective: To determine the incidence and predictors of postoperative pain among pediatric surgical patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from February 10 May 10, 2023. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on pediatric surgical patients from February 10-May 10, 2023. Pretested semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data until 24 hours after surgery. The data collectors assessed pain with time interval of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hour postoperatively. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 was used to code, input, and analyzes the data. By using binary logistic regression variables with a p-value < 0.2 were enter to multivariable logistic regression and adjusted odd ratio was calculated with 95% confidence interval. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 142 children aged 2 months- 14 years were included in the study. The overall incidence of postoperative pain was 66.2% (95%CI: 58.2-75.4). History of preoperative pain (AOR, 4.599, 95% CI: 1.110-19.057), preoperative anxiety (AOR: 5.421, 95% CI: 1.379 21.313), duration of surgery <1 hour (AOR: 0.078, 95% CI: 0.010-0.629), 1-3 hours (AOR: 0.164, 95% CI: 0.031-0.877), and surgical incision length <5 cm (AOR: 0.024, 95% CI: 0.003 0.169) were all significantly associated with postoperative pain. Conclusion and recommendation: The incidence of postoperative pain in pediatric surgical patients is high. Duration of surgery, surgical incision length, preoperative anxiety, and pain predict postoperative pain. Therefore, care providers should target these factors to minimize the magnitude of the problem and appropriate pain management strategy should be implemented.Item INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERWENT OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SURGERY AT HAWASSA UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY IN 2024.(hawassa university, 2024-05) ALEMLANCHI MEBRATBackground: Postoperative pain is a type of acute pain that occurs after surgical procedures. Although there have been studies on the incidence, predictors, and management of postoperative pain in the pediatric population, there is insufficient data about ophthalmic surgical pediatric patients. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the incidence and predictors of postoperative pain among pediatric patients underwent ophthalmological surgery at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in 2024. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 130 participants aged 2 month to 14 years at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 8 to April 8, 2024. Participants who underwent ophthalmological surgery were included using a consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected by using pretested questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The result was summarized by using tables and figures. Logistic regression was used for the analysis technique to see the association of the independent variable and dependent variable. Variable with a p-value of 0.2 at bivariate analysis entered into multivariable analysis and p-value less than 0.05 in multivariable analysis was considered statistically significant. Results: According to this study an overall incidence of postoperative pain in pediatric ophthalmic surgical patients was 69.2% within 24hr after surgical procedure. Age (AOR=3.672, 95% CI: 1.119-12.049), urgency of surgery (AOR=4.441, 95% CI: 1.317-14.975), anxiety (AOR=9.820, 95% CI: 3.348-28.807), and type of surgery (AOR=0.097, 95% CI: 0.010-0.961) were significantly associated with postoperative pain. Conclusion and Recommendation: Based on our study finding, the incidence of pain in pediatric ophthalmic surgery was high compared with other related studies. This shows that, the problem needs attention and awareness should be created regarding the independent predictors. Therefore, Health care providers should target those predictors to minimize the incidence of postoperative pain.Item INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AMONG ADULT HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS AT HAWASSA UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL(Hawassa University, 2024-05) TSION TESFAYEBackground: Due to the extended life expectancy of HIV/AIDS patients with the availability of antiretroviral therapy, concerns have risen regarding the co-occurrence of HIV and non communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, this study aims to contribute to scientific knowledge on NCDs among people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged 18 and above at Hawassa Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital. Objective: To determine the incidence and predictors of non-communicable diseases among adult HIV-positive patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital 2024. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 1–30, 2024. All HIV-positive patients who fulfilled the eligible criteria and had been followed up at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 2003-2022 were considered the total sample size for this particular study. Data was collected from medical records using a standardized checklist using the Kobo toolbox. Statistical Package for Social Studies version 26.0 was used for data analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival function was used to estimate NCDs' free survival time and to compare NCDs' free survival time with a log-rank test. Both bi-variable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to identify the predictors of NCDs. Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), P-value <0.05, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to report the result. Result: The incidence rate was 8.5 per 100 PYs. Those with a family size >=4 (AHR = 0.6, 95% CI0.4-0.9) Other occupational status (student, prisoner, commercial sex worker )(AHR = 0.4, 95% CI: (0.3-0.7), BMI >=25 (AHR = 2.2, CI: 1.3-3.7), and poor ART adherence (AHR = 3.3, CI: (2-5.5) were predictors for time to any one of the non-communicable disease development. Conclusion and Recommendation: Given the overall incidence of any one of the NCDs, was high, policymakers need to focus on screening and treatment strategies for PLHIV, while healthcare providers need to offer counseling on drug adherence, lifestyle, and diet.