College of Medicine and Health Science
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Item MAGNITUDE OF URBAN MALARIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN DAMBOYA TOWN, KEMBATA ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA(hawassa universty, 2023-11) BIRUK MULACHEW GELESHOBackground: In Africa, urban malaria is emerging as a potential Health problem. Because of the rapidly growing number of towns in Ethiopia, there is a persistent need to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of urban malaria. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of urban malaria and its associated risk factors in Damboya town Kambata Zone, Central Ethiopia region. Methods: A Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Damboya town from March 7 to May 29, 2023. A total of 422 individuals were randomly selected and a structured questionnaire was employed to collect socio-demographic data and malaria-associated risk factors. Finger/ heel prick blood was used to detect malaria parasites by light microscopy and malaria rapid diagnostic test. Data were entered in Epi data 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS version 25 software. The association between dependent and independent variables was explored by using binary logistic regression analyses. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated and the association was declared at a P-value of <0.05. Result: The overall prevalence of malaria was 5% (95%CI:3.1-7.5) with the predominant P. vivax infections accounting for 61.9%. The presence of stagnant water (AOR=3.88, 95% CI: 1.14-13.22, P=0.030), unavailability of insecticide-treated bed net (AOR=3.24, 95% CI: 1.01 10.41, P=0.048), living in a house with eaves (AOR=4.22, 95%CI: 1.17-15.00, p=0.027), were more significantly associated with malaria prevalence. Conclusion: Malaria is still a public health problem in Damboya town. Thus, improved access to all malaria interventions is needed to interrupt the transmission in the community of this town.Item KNOWLEDGE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS TOWARDS PREVENTABLE RISK FACTORS OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AMONG ANTENATAL CARE ATTENDING MOTHERS AT PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN HAWASSA CITY, ETHIOPIA(hawassa universty, 2023-11) DEBISO ERGINOBackground:- Congenital anomalies are problems of structure and function that can develop during intrauterine life and can be detected during pregnancy, at birth, or later in life. The etiology is genetic, environmental, multifactorial, and unknown. Globally 1 in 33 babies is born with a birth defect. More than 90% of birth defects occurred in low and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, there was limited evidence to assess the knowledge of pregnant mothers despite the increasing prevalence of birth defects of preventable risk factors of congenital anomalies. Objective:- To assess the knowledge and associated factors towards preventable risk factors of congenital anomalies among antenatal care attending mothers at public health institutions in Hawassa City, Ethiopia, 2023. Methodology:- An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 systematically selected pregnant mothers who attended the ANC clinic in Hawassa City public health institutions from July 20-August 20, 2023. A pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. An open data kit and statistical package for Social Science version 27 were used for data collection and analysis, respectively. To identify associated factors bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out. Result:- A total of 422 pregnant mothers participated in this study with a response rate of 100%. Of the total participants, 79.4% were urban residents, 45.0% attain secondary school and 73.9% had antenatal care follow-up. Only 5.9% knew that congenital anomalies are acquired by pregnant mothers, 68.2% of them knew that congenital anomalies are genetic, and 11.4% of them knew that it occur due to the sin of families. Overall 58.3% of mothers had good knowledge of preventable risk factors of congenital anomalies. Conclusion:- Comparatively participants had moderate knowledge on overall knowledge about preventable risk factors of congenital anomalies compared to other studies. However, the knowledge was influenced by urban residence; college and above educational attainment, and antenatal care follow-up of the participants. It is advised to address pre-pregnancy and pregnancy health education, with a focus on birth defect prevention.