Institute of Technology

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The Institute of Technology focuses on education, research, and innovation in engineering, technology, and applied sciences to support sustainable development.

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Start date: 2016End date: 2019

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    IT ADOPTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: CASE OF ETHIOPIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-22) TAMIRU TESSEMA
    In the 21st century companies are required to continuously upgrade and improve their business activities in order to survive and achieve their business goal. One of the competition areas is an effective and efficient information flow along supply chain (SC). The information technology (IT) is one of the biggest enablers of the modern Supply Chain Management (SCM). However, SC systems in Ethiopian Medium and Large-Scale Manufacturing (MLSM) Firms found as fragmented SC, poor information exchanges, outdated systems and paper work. The purpose of this study is to examine IT adoption status and to develop its adoption model to Ethiopian MLSM firms. Cross-sectional survey was conducted on 438 samples from total 2,758 Ethiopian MLSM firms. Both a qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaire survey, interview and document investigation, then descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were conducted by using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 and Microsoft office excel. The results indicated that the IT adoption status among Ethiopian MLSM firms was inadequate at all, despite good improvements in adopting some IT tools such as the Internet, Intranet and Barcode Scanner. The result also shows positive and strong correlation between the role of IT adoption and SC performance with correlation coefficient r = 0.824, even though a weakness to accept sophisticated IT tools, such as ERP, EDI, RFID, etc. The study suggests firms to exploit CSFs and reduce associated challenges to adopt IT, government to support these firms by policies, infrastructure, subsidies, incentives and training and universities to focus on producing IT skilled professionals. Finally, study proposes a model of IT adoption for Ethiopian MLSM firms to enhance their competitive advantage and improve firms’ performance
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    SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND MODELING: CASE OF SIDAMA COFFEE FARMERS‟ COOPERATIVE UNION
    (Hawassa University, 2019-10-22) GASSA MAGARA MAMO
    This thesis aims to propose a supply chain (SC) performance evaluation model in the coffee processing industries: Case of Sidama coffee farmers’ cooperative union (SCFCU). Coffee is a major agricultural export commodity of Ethiopia, particularly the Sidama Zone, which has a high potential for specialty coffee. From Sidama Zone, SCFCU has major contribution supplying coffee product to domestic and export market unifying 61 coffee farmers’ cooperatives and being the second-largest union in the country. However, the primary coffee farmers’ cooperatives are facing enormous challenges at the current time in sourcing methods and production processes decreasing SC performance associated with quality of raw material and costly production making them unable to be a competitive and unprofitable business. They have no suitable SC performance evaluation model, standardized business operation process and methods that can improve their inter-organization and SC performance in a sustainable way. To solve these problems, the thesis study on SC performance evaluation and modeling was conducted. To achieve the study goal, investigation and reviewing of an appropriate SC performance evaluation model were carried out to have comprehensive knowledge. From several SC performance evaluation models, the SCOR model is identified as an appropriate SC evaluation model being dynamic, balanced and universal model. Significance of the study, using the SCOR model is believed to give an insight for the primary coffee farmers’ cooperatives as well as other concerned bodies about the existing challenges of coffee processing industries SC suggesting possible solutions to the problems and enabling them to improve SC performance. Because SCOR model designated to analyze SC performance and optimize the various processes in SC and it can play an important role in identifying problem-solving ways being starting points to find better ways to improve SC performance, in coffee processing industries making them more optimal and sustainable performance improvement. To achieve the study goal, a descriptive research design was employed and 13 cooperatives were selected unified in SCFCU from Sidama Zone in five Woreda within three clusters from the total population 182, the sample size was 125 respondents using Yamane sample size decision model and random sampling system. The primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field observation. Secondary data were collected from different published and unpublished sources. Data analysis was on the basis of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The result was a high performance of reliability and responsiveness, the poor performance of Plan and Source process having moderate overall SC performance. Using the study result, SC modeling was made considering suitability for coffee processing industries. Finally, from data analysis and result discussions, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made on gaps
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    FACILITY LAYOUT DESIGN TO EFFICIENT SPACE UTILIZATION AND INSPECTION PERFORMANCE: CASE OF MODJO DRY POR
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-17) BONDE ASSEFA SHULISHA
    Ethiopia is landlocked country which uses the Ethio-Djibouti corridor the main outlet to the sea. However, this generates high demurrage cost at Djibouti port. To overcome these challenges, Ethiopian government established about eight dry ports in Ethiopia. From those, the Modjo dry port is large and 95 % of goods are flow through it. This makes congestion in the warehouse and terminal due to lack of suitable facility layout for inspection performance. So, this paper proposes an alternative facility layout design of warehouse. This done by using primary and secondary source of data which collected from warehouse managers, drivers, loading and unloading labors, customers of Modjo dry ports. However, the researcher use surveying, different journal, website and report from dry port as basic inputs for models to propose modified alternative layouts. The models used were classified in different levels regarding their compatibility to execute paper works as per requirement. Those were mathematical, Computer aided design model (AutoCAD) and simulation Model. The mathematical model was mainly used to calculate areas, volumes of existing and modified alternative layouts of the warehouse. The AutoCAD model was used to draw out the alternative facility layouts by feeding the input data collected from field survey by using Global Positioning System GPS and dimensions measured by using standard meter. The results of the study were validated by descriptive event simulation software which is known as any logic software. Finally, depending on the result of simulation, and model output of AutoCAD the alternative layouts were proposed. The capacity of space dedicated for existing warehouses could accommodate the 120 TEU. However, for the alternative layouts of I, II, III & IV are 564, 752, 556 & 796 TEU respectively. Depending on these results the alternative scenarios were proposed in order to mitigate the challenges facings to Modjo dry port. The contribution of this study is to realize the gaps of knowledge in using pallet racks for space utilization with aisle or passageway in the warehouse and point out the future research directions in facility layout design to efficient space utilization and inspection performance around the dry port area
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    DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION BASED OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE ANAYLSIS OF MODJO DRY PORT, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-22) MAHMUD ABDURAHMAN
    Container terminal operation consists of gate, container yard, and train and berth operation. The facilities used in the container terminal are reach stacker cranes, empty container handler, and yard tractors. The loading sequence of containers does not follow a FIFO (first in-first out) policy, and hence, the arrival order of containers does not define the sequence in which they are loaded. The purpose of this study was operational performance analysis of container terminals for the case of Modjo Dry Port. The study determined key port performance indicators (KPIs) of container terminal, factors affecting operational performance at container terminals and productivity level for container terminal. The researcher proposed a Desecrate Event Simulation (DES) model and a heuristic procedure for container’s sacking plan and for gate operations. The main objective of formulating different scenarios was to find possible sets of input parameters, structural assumptions or model specifications that could lead to best performance. The data was collected using questionnaire, interview, conversation and observation the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the analysis indicated that the numbers of gate operations, truck visit time, container dwell time (equipment, labor and land) productivity, container traffic are among the key performance indicator (KPIs). The study found the factors that affect the efficiency of operational performance are gate capacity, gate working hours, and resources within the terminal and truck arrival patterns container stacking system, custom clearance, container dwell time, operator experience, yard layout and maintenance problem. Current container terminal productivity level is poor comparing with industry bench mark of labor, equipment, and land. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that performance improvement strategy is changing current stacking strategies to dwell time segregated container stacking strategies. In addition, specific recommendations were made to address the issues identified which, if implemented, could significantly address the current inefficiencies observed in the Modjo Dry Port’s operations
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    EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE, FIXED AND CONVENTIONAL FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT WATER APPLICATION LEVELS ON ONION PRODUCTION IN DUBTI, AFAR
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-21) ZINABU AKELE DERBEW
    Water scarcity is a major constraint for the production of food required in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, deficit irrigation and application of irrigation systems are important concerns to improve water productivity and sustained production in the areas with water shortage like lower Awash valley. A field experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the performance of alternate, fixed and conventional furrow irrigation systems under different water application levels on onion yield in Dubti, lower Awash basin. The treatments were three deficit irrigation levels of 50%, 75% and 100% of crop water requirements with three furrow irrigation systems of conventional, alternate and fixed furrow were laid out a factorial random complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on plant growth and bulb yield were collected and analyzed. The result of the study indicated highly significant (α ≤ 0.0) differences for yield and WUE’s. The highest bulb yield of 25.46 ton/ha was obtained at 100% ETC with conventional furrow irrigation method. AFI 50% ETC water application level gave the highest water use efficiency. In contrast, the minimum water use efficiency was recorded with conventional furrow method with 100% water application level. CFI 100%, CFI 75%, and AFI 50% were not shown significant difference on yield which is 25.46 ton/ha, 24.88 ton/ha, and 24.54 ton/ha respectively, besides better water use efficiency of 8.39 kg/m3 was recorded from AFI 100%. In relative to the control CFI 100%, applying AFI 100% able to increase 0.868 ha net additional irrigable land per each hectare. Therefore, it can be decided that Alternative furrow irrigation with 100% ETC increased water use efficiency and can solve a problem of water shortage by improving WUE without significant reduction of yield
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    HYDRAULIC MODELING AND FLOOD MAPPING OF HAROSHA RIVER WITH HEC-RAS AND HEC-GeoRAS MODELS IN TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-27) MULUGETA TAREKE ABEBE
    The Harosha river catchment is found in Tigray region in Raya Valley. This study area is surrounded by Waja and Tumuga catchment in the south and Harosha, Limeat and Harle catchment in the North and also it is the upper south part of the Raya valley catchment. The area is also dominated by undulating terrain with relatively steep to moderately steep and flatter slopes in the downstream of the catchment. Harosha flood plain has been vulnerable to high flooding from rainfall during rainy season. Also the main causes of these damages are land use changes from years to years and the main objective of this study is to estimate peak flood for various return period and prepare flood inundation mapping that can be used as decision support system for future intervention. The data used for this study was annual daily maximum rainfall, DEM, land use land cover map, and soil map and the flood frequency analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall was analyzed. The SCS rain fall-runoff method, HEC-RAS, HEC-GeoRAS and ArcGIS environment are used to determine the peak flood for different return periods. The simulation result for return period of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year floods magnitude are 347.4, 383.7, 420.8, 443.6 and 463.1m 3 /s respectively. The maximum flood hazard and flow depth maps for a return periods of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year are 84.6 and 3.36; 86.1 and 3.84; 86.9 and 4.35; 87.1 and 4.91; and 87.7 hectare and 5.89 m respectively with a maximum velocity of 4.6 m/s.
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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WOSHA AND WERKA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN WONDO GENET DISTRICT, SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-21) HENOK TESFAYE CHARINET
    Expanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performance below capacity. Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of a scheme by identifying where the critical problems occurred. Evaluation of irrigation schemes carried out at Wondo Genet SNNPRS, Ethiopia. The primary objective of evaluating Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes using internal and external indicators were to evaluate their performance and suggest possible interventions to enhance their capacity. Internal indicators including conveyance, application, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency, and deep percolation ratio were used at the head, middle and tail reach of each scheme. Moreover, external indicators of agriculture output, water supply, water delivery capacity and physical indicator were used for evaluating the schemes. The results showed that the conveyance, application, storage, distribution efficiency of 55.6, 48.2, 89.8 and 91.7%, respectively were found at Wosha irrigation scheme whereas 43.0, 59.0, 87.2 and 91.4%, respectively at Werka irrigation scheme. The agricultural output performance such as OPUIA, OPUCA, OPUIS, and OPUWC were 4213.97 US$/ha, 8732.29 US$/ha, 1.18 and 0.32, respectively at Wosha irrigation scheme and 5840.34, 8534.19, 1.77 and 0.42 respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. Water supply indicators such as RIS and RWS were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively for Wosha 0.48 and 0.55, respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. The result indicates that water delivery capacity of Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes were 1.56 and 1.32, respectively. Physical indicators revealed that irrigation ratio of 0.89 and 0.78 and sustainability of irrigated area of 2.07, and 1.46 were found at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Among the internal indicators, application efficiency was very low especially at Wosha irrigation scheme due to higher water loss through deep percolation. The overall efficiency was also below the desired level, where 26.8 and 25.4 %, respectively realized at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Based on the above observation, adoption of water saving practices such as deficit irrigation, surge and cutoff application to improving application, conveyance and distribution systems can enhance crop productivity per unit irrigation water
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    E F FED I NOITAGIRRI TC L EVE SL TA EREFFID TN GR TWO H S EGAT S NO YI LE D DNA ETAW R P O YTIVITCUDOR F O OIN N U REDN UF WORR TAGIRRI I NO SYS M
    (Hawassa University, 2018-12-27) GAT SS E EB K LE E HES BE O
    W reta s ac r ytic si eht m tso eves er tniartsnoc of r arutlucirga l tworg h ni dira dna imes - ra di saera . oT evo r moc e iht ,s t eh er si a n ee d to esu ht e elbaliava wa ret yltneiciffe na d acimonoce lly w hcih si an tnatropmi ygetarts ot sserdda tneserp dna erutuf retaw deen . ehT S seidut ni ticifed girri ati no noitacilppa ot orpmi ve retaw vitcudorp yti a er detimil ni eht duts y aera . sihT yduts saw c detcudno ni arsiM k Az tenre reB b ere Wor ade ni etliS enoZ orf m ceD e rebm ot aM r hc / 20 71 / 81 ot etagitsevni ht e tceffe fo fed i tc oitagirri n slevel no dleiy dna retaw p ytivitcudor no O noin rednu worruf i irr g noita metsys . ehT tnemirepxe deniatnoc n eni tnemtaert s hcihw edulcni : lortnoc (0 % DI); 02 % ID dna 04 % DI evel l guorht tuoh org wt h ;segats 0 % ID , 02 % ID , 04 % ID dna 20 % ID ( .i e: ,laitini oleved p ,latnem dim dna etal segats ) ser p levitce y; 04 % ,ID 02 % ID , 0 % ID dna 02 % ID ( :e.i ni ni i ,lait latnempoleved , dim dna etal egats s), r evitcepse ly dna 20 % ID ta hcae htworg st sega ( e.i : ni laitini , poleved m latne , dim dna etal segats ), itcepser v yle erew dial tuo ni CR DB detacilper eerht emit s ehT . stluser iatbo n de detacidni taht d fe i i tc r noitagir slevel ereffid ni n segats htworg t dah yltnacifingis detceffa eht dleiy dna dleiy moc p tneno fo O noin ta (p ≤ 50.0 ). ehT tsehgih elbatekram blub dleiy (2 23.9 ah/not ) saw niatbo ed morf T1 ( lortnoc ) ihw ch saw detagirri yb 0 % ID el v le tuohguorht eht htworg gats e saerehw eht tnemtaert icer e dev 20 % ID el v le ta tal e htworg egats (T9) evag 29. 41 ah/not blub dleiy . T eh dleiy tluser deniatbo f mor T 1 ( ortnoc l) dah ton yltnacifingis nereffid t htiw T9 ( 02 % ID ta tal e htworg egats ). ehT wol e ts blub dleiy ( .51 23 /not ha) saw r edroce d morf T3 hcihw eviecer d 40 % DI el v le hguorht o tu eht htworg egats s . W reta ytivitcudorp (WP) saw dnuof id f tneref gnidneped no level fo w ta re noitacilppa . T eh tsehgih WP 9.9 gk /m 3 was deniatbo morf T2 ( 02 % ID tuohguorht eht worg th segats ) dna ti has 59.1 m/gk 3 retaerg WP naht T1 (8 gk /m 3 ) taht tog f llu girri a noit . tnemtaerT (T9) sah eht sehgih t RRM ( 37631 2. %) naht lla srehto stnemtaert . Th si yduts stluser rifnoc m de taht htiw icifed t noitagirri tcarp sei , ti si elbissop ot esaercni WP yb gnivas retaw dna esaercni ocni me f mor ecracs noitagirri retaw . T ,erofereh ti nac be er c dednemmo t tah ppa l gniy noitagirri retaw a t 02 % DI fo CWR ta la et htworg egats (T9) in 4 yad s noitagirri lavretni si cifineb i la rof gniniatbo mumitpo O in on dleiy dna esasercni retaw ytivitcudorp taht irb n sg rehgih imonoce c ter nru rednu racs ce taw er noitidnoc . ehT sremraf ni ecracs retaw r cruose e aera dluoc osla be T desu 2 ( ID % 02 fo C ts htworg tuohguorht RW a eg s) noitpo sa m evas ot o r
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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SANKO SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME AT BASKETO SPECIAL WOREDA IN SNNPR, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-12) MARKOS HABTEWOLD ADEBO
    This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Sanko small scale irrigation scheme at Basketo Special Woreda, South Nation Nationalities Peoples Regional states. The irrigation scheme includes command area of 120 ha and 600 beneficiaries. To achieve the objective of the study; primary and secondary data were collected. The irrigation scheme was evaluated using minimum sets of internal and external comparative performance indicators which include agricultural, water use, physical and economic performance indicators. In order to evaluate the irrigation water use efficiency of farmers at field level, nine farmer fields were selected from the irrigation scheme in relation to their location (from the head, middle and tail end water users).The internal performance indicators which include conveyance, application, storage, deep percolation ratio and overall irrigation efficiency were used to check the performance of the irrigation scheme. From the analyses of the internal performance indicators, the conveyance efficiencies was found to be 69.3% and application efficiencies were found to be 61.6%, 63.4% and 46.5% at head, middle and tail end part of the irrigation scheme respectively. Average field application efficiency through out of the Sanko irrigation scheme was 57.2%. A deep percolation ratio in the same order of the scheme was found to be 42.8% and Storage efficiencies of 78.5%. Generally overall scheme efficiency of Sanko irrigation scheme was 39.6%. From the evaluation of external comparative indicators, the outputs per cropped area were found as 84,706 Birr ha-1 , 220,690 Birr ha-1 and 69,686.4 Birr ha-1 at head, middle and tail end part of irrigation scheme respectively and the value of the outputs per command area of scheme was 15,003,276 Birr per command area. The output per unit irrigation supply of irrigation scheme was 13.5 Birr m-3 , 33.95 Birr m-3 and 22.12 Birr m-3 at head, middle and tail end part of the scheme respectively. The water use performance of the scheme, like relative water supply and relative irrigation supply were found as 1.28 which was the same since there was no rainfall during study period. The irrigation ratio of the Sanko irrigation scheme was found to be 1.00 which means 100% of command area was under irrigation and additional 25ha was on the construction during study period. Water delivery performance indicator which includes adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity from these measures only adequacy was fair and good at head and middle part of irrigation scheme according to standard values but all of other measures were poor according to standard values. In general, based on the evaluation carried out; Sanko irrigation scheme at middle part was performed better than upper head and lower part of the scheme. But there is still a room for improvement of the performance at all of the system level. Therefore to reduce over and under irrigate farmers should get awareness how to use, when to use and how much water used on their fields.
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    MPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RAINFED MAIZE PRODUCTION IN RIFT VALLEY LAKES BASINS OF ETHIOPIA; HAWASSA AS CASE STUDY
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-18) KINDE NEGESSA DISASA
    Agriculture is mainstay of Ethiopian economy. Developing country like Ethiopia suffers from effects of climate change, due to their limited economic capability to build irrigation projects to reduce climate change impact on crop production. This study evaluates climate change impact on rainfed maize production in rift valley lakes basins of Ethiopia. First, outputs of 15 General Circulation Models (GCMs) under two emission scenarios (SRA1B and SRB1) are statistically downscaled by using LARS-WG software. Probability assessment of bounded range with known distributions is used to deal with the uncertainties of GCMs’ outputs. These GCMs outputs are weighted by considering the ability of each model to simulate historical records. The study result indicates that LARS-WG 5.5 model is more uncertain to simulate future mean rainfall than generating maximum and minimum mean temperatures hereby GCMs weight difference for rainfall mean is 0.83 whereas weight difference for minimum and maximum mean temperatures is 0.09. AquaCrop, version 4 developed by FAO that simulates the crop yield response to water deficit conditions, is employed to assess potential rainfed maize production in the study area with and without climate change. The study results indicate minimum and maximum temperatures absolute increase in the range of 0.34 0 C to 0.580 C, 0.940 C to 1.80 C and 1.420 C to 3.20 C and 0.320 C to 0.560 C, 0.910 C to 1.80 C and 1.340 C to 3.0350 C respectively in the near-term (2020s), mid-term (2055s) and long-term (2090s) under both emission scenarios. The expected percentage change of rainfall during these three time periods considering this GCMs weight difference into account ranges from -2.3 to 7%, 0.375 to 15.83% and 2.625 to 31.1%. Maize yields are expected to increase with the range of 3.63% to 7%, 5.39% to 14.08%, and 6.83% to 15.61%, during the same time periods. Unlike many studies in the world this study result show that maize yield increased in coming three time periods under both emission scenarios. Due to rainfall increase with temperature increase maize yield is expected to increase in future for this study area by using only rainfall. In conclusion, the results indicate that climate change will respond positively to climate change impact on maize yield production for this district if all field management, soil fertility and crop variety improved; but since there is rainfall variability among the seasons planting date should be scheduled well to combat water stress on crops