Institute of Technology

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The Institute of Technology focuses on education, research, and innovation in engineering, technology, and applied sciences to support sustainable development.

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End date: 2025Subject: search.filters.subject.GIS

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    GIS BASED SOIL LOSS ESTIMATION USING USLE MODEL FOR SOIL CONSERVATION PLANNING: IN KARESA WATERSHED, LOMA WOREDA, SOUTH WEST ETHIO
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-10) BAGEGNEHU BEKELE MENGISTU
    Soil erosion is the most challenging and continuous environmental problems resulting in both on-site and off-site effects in the world particularly in Ethiopia. Karesa watershed is one of the most erosion-prone watersheds which received little attention. Managing the on site erosion is to reduce the negative impacts of downstream water resources and requires an understanding of the rates of soil loss as well as identification of the major controlling factors that enhance or retard these processes. This study was conducted to estimate average annual soil loss rate using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation Model adapted to Ethiopian condition. The following datasets were obtained from different sources for estimating annual soil loss such as 15 years mean annual rainfall data for estimating Erosivity factor, digital soil map for estimating soil Erodibility factor, 30m x 30m resolution Digital Elevation Model for estimating slope length and slope steepness (LS) factor, Landsat6ETM+ images with 30mx30m resolution for detecting Vegetation cover and Conservation practice factor. Raster calculator was used to interactively multiply and produce annual soil loss. The result reveals that 42,413.72 ton per year soil loss from 9939 ha entire watershed and 4.27 tons per hectare per year average annual soil loss rate. The mean annual soil loss rate was classified in to four erosion severity classes as very less, less, moderate and High . The result also implies, two slope classes (0-15% and 15-30%) were categorized under very less to less soil loss (0-6.25 tons ha-1 yr-1 ) which accounts an area of 9383.07 ha (94.4%) of the watershed areas and representing 81.13% of the total soil loss. On the other hand, the watershed slope classes (>30%) fell under moderate to High soil loss (6.25-25 tons ha-1 yr-1 ) together covers 555.93ha (5.6%) of the watershed areas contributing 18.82% of the total soil loss mainly due to cultivation of marginal land,Intensive cultivation, poor vegetation cover during critical rainfall period. Moreover, about 2,184.93 ha of the watershed area was highly affected by erosion which contributes 18,182.25 tones yr-1 (42.87%) total soil loss and requires integrated soil and water conservation measures
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    Land use/land cover change and soil erosion risk mapping in Shebedino woreda, Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-12) ADDISU AMARE HABTE
    Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems that threaten sustainable agricultural production. Estimates of soil erosion risks and changes in the land use land cover will assist effective and sustainable land management and soil and water conservation (SWC) measures implementations. This study reported assessments of Land use/land cover changes between periods of 1973 and 2014 using GIS and Remote Sensing technique of Shebedino woreda. The study also attempted to map soil erosion risk by water and estimated the rate of soil erosion using Universal Soil Loss Equation in combination with GIS and Remote Sensing applications. Two satellite imageries (Landsat MSS 1973 and Landsat ETM+2014) have been used for change detection. Ethiopia soil map and soil survey data, 23 years rainfall data, a digital elevation model image, and land cover map for the year of 2014 have been used to estimate rate of soil erosion. Subsequently, land use/land cover map of the year 1973 and 2014, and soil erosion risk map of the study area have been produced. The study revealed that in the last four decades significant changes have been detected on LULCC. Forest cover and grazing land significantly decreased at a rate of 184.22 ha/yr and 38.08 ha/yr respectively; on the other hand cultivated land has shown increment in area at a rate of 179.91 ha/yr; and settlement has shown increment as well. The soil erosion risk analysis result shows that the woreda exhibited soil erosion rate of between 0 to 50 tonnes per hectare per year. The total annual soil loss in the study area was about 77200.50 tonnes, with 3.92 tonnes per hectare per year of mean annual rate of soil loss. A significant increment (159 %) in total annual soil loss has been observed. The total annual soil loss amount increased to 77200.50 tonnes in 2014 compared to 31076.05 tonnes 1973 situation. Based on the finding of this study, it was concluded that there were significant land use/ land cover change happened in the woreda. Part of the worda is prone to soil erosion risks. Therefore, all woreda level actors should give emphases to the situation and devise appropriate interventions measures for better and effective management of land recourses
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    HYDRAULIC MODELING AND FLOOD MAPPING OF HAROSHA RIVER WITH HEC-RAS AND HEC-GeoRAS MODELS IN TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-27) MULUGETA TAREKE ABEBE
    The Harosha river catchment is found in Tigray region in Raya Valley. This study area is surrounded by Waja and Tumuga catchment in the south and Harosha, Limeat and Harle catchment in the North and also it is the upper south part of the Raya valley catchment. The area is also dominated by undulating terrain with relatively steep to moderately steep and flatter slopes in the downstream of the catchment. Harosha flood plain has been vulnerable to high flooding from rainfall during rainy season. Also the main causes of these damages are land use changes from years to years and the main objective of this study is to estimate peak flood for various return period and prepare flood inundation mapping that can be used as decision support system for future intervention. The data used for this study was annual daily maximum rainfall, DEM, land use land cover map, and soil map and the flood frequency analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall was analyzed. The SCS rain fall-runoff method, HEC-RAS, HEC-GeoRAS and ArcGIS environment are used to determine the peak flood for different return periods. The simulation result for return period of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year floods magnitude are 347.4, 383.7, 420.8, 443.6 and 463.1m 3 /s respectively. The maximum flood hazard and flow depth maps for a return periods of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year are 84.6 and 3.36; 86.1 and 3.84; 86.9 and 4.35; 87.1 and 4.91; and 87.7 hectare and 5.89 m respectively with a maximum velocity of 4.6 m/s.
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    GIS BASED GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL MAPPING AND RECHARGE 1 ESTIMATION: A CASE STUDY IN MELKAODA WATERSHED RIFT VALLEY LAKES 2 BASIN, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2021-10-24) ADEM BUTA DEKEBO
    The groundwater potential zones of the Melkaoda Watershed were demarcated with the help of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The parameters that were considered for identifying the groundwater potential zone like geology, slope, drainage density, geomorphic units, and lineament density were generated from satellite data and they were then integrated with weighted overlay in ArcGIS. Suitable ranks were assigned for each category of these parameters and weight factors were decided for them based on their capability to store groundwater using AHP approach and then the groundwater potential zones were classified into four categories as very low, low, high & very high. In addition, the groundwater recharge was estimated with the help of the WetSpass model using water balance approach. The parameters considered for this case generally included three types: hydro-meteorological (rainfall, temperature, wind speed, PET, and GWD), bio-physical (soil, landuse, topography, and slope), and attribute lookup (soil lookup, landuse lookup, and rain day lookup) tables. All the hydro-meteorological parameters were interpolated in ArcGIS for grid map preparation of each parameter and the prepared grid map was converted to ASCII file format for the effective model run. The model performance was checked through calibration and the obtained groundwater recharge result ranges 0.45 to 65.5 mm/year with the mean value of 32.87 mm/years and 3.4% contributed to groundwater as recharge. finally, the changes in groundwater recharge between two simulation period was stated again with help of WetSpass model using the LULC images of 1989 and 2018 to quantify the impacts of the LULCC. The parameters used for this analysis were the same as those used for groundwater recharge estimation except for the satellite image of 1989 and the LULCC analysis depicted that there was the expansion of built-up land and agricultural land. Agricultural land and built-up land were increased by 0.046, 2.56 rate per a year from 1989 to 2018 respectively. This paper finalized that there was access to the groundwater potential in the Melkaoda Watershed and this could overcome the water scarcity challenging the community in and around the area. The recharge which has been the main source of groundwater is decreasing from time to time as the result of this paper is indicating. Thus, to get sustainable groundwater potential, the recharge has to be well treated by increasing groundwater recharge
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    IDENTIFICATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONE BY USING GIS AND REMOTESENSING IN SUTEN TO TORA SUB-CATCHMENT, RIFT VALLEY LAKES BASIN, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa Unversity, 2019-10-21) ASCHALEW GURMU
    This study was aimed to mapping of Groundwater potential investigation of Suten-Tora sub catchment in the Rift Valley Lakes basin, Southern Ethiopia. Climate, hydro-geological, land use/land cover, soil, lithology, geomorphology and stratigraphic data were collected, analyzed and inferred. The aquifer characteristics from the well completion reports were used to map the Groundwater flow direction. A Groundwater level contour map; which developed from well completion report is revealed that the Groundwater flows from western towards the center and eastern part of the sub-catchment. The results also inferred from the geological formations show that the Suten-Tora Sub-catchment are mainly covered by partially welded pyroclastic flow, Gash Megal rhyolitic lava flows, Guraghe-Anchor basalt, Nazret welded pyroclastic, Lacustrine sediment, Mesozoic sediment, porphyritic rhyolitic lava domes, Wonji basalts, Precambrian basement complex and recent basalt flows. Moreover, there is also a Geological structure in the study area. The linear feature of these structures are characterized by three distinct interconnected fault trends systems are called in NW-SE, NE-SW and N-S which are more or less affect the availability of Groundwater potential. Among the above listed lithological formations lacustrine sediments, Wonji basalt with scoria deposit and pyroclastic are coincide with high Groundwater potential zone. Similarly a moderate Groundwater potential zone is covered by Geological formations; e.g. Chefe Donsa, un-welded to poorly weld pyroclastic and others small formations. In the other way low and very low potential zones are covered by depositions of Nazret pyroclastic, Gash Megal rhyolite and other similar lithological formations. For the delineation of Groundwater potential zones, the weight over analysis of different factors namely: lineament density, lithology, geomorphology, slope, soil texture, drainage density, rainfall and elevation have been analyzed through the Analytical Hierarchal process (AHP) and ArcGIS 10.3 software. The delineated Groundwater potential zone was categories into four classes namely high, moderate, low and very low potential zone. These delineated Groundwater potential zones class called high, Moderate, Low and very low potential zones are covers an area of around 50%, 20%, 16% and 14% of the total sub catchment area respectively. To conclude that; the center and southeastern parts of the sub catchment have high amounts of Groundwater potential. However the western part has les Groundwater potential. Depend on the validation of output accuracy level; the delineation of Groundwater potential zones by using GIS and remote sensing techniques is important method. Finally it has been recommend that ; the well drillers in this study area suggested to use this Groundwater potential zone map as information
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    ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF LU/LC CHANGE ON HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE BY USING SWAT MODEL: A CASE STUDY AT DEDABA WATERSHED, ETHIOPIA.
    (Hawassa University, 2021-04-26) IBSA DIBO DEKO
    Water is a precious and finite resource and must be managed in sustainable way to meet human as well as environmental needs. Land use/land cover change has an impact for alteration of watershed hydrology. The watershed is undergoing land use change due to intensive cultivation andurbanization as a result of population growth which has an impact on hydrologicresponse of the watershed. This study quantified watershed runoff volume using SWAT modeland assessed the effect of land use/land cover change on the stream flow. In this study, the impact of LU/LCchange was carried out by using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT2012) model, which was integrated with GIS10.3 software. GIS and ERDAS IMAGINE2014 were used to generate LU/LCmaps from Landsat TM, TM, and OLI acquired in the years 1990, 2001 and 2018 respectively. The land cover maps were generated using the maximum likelihood algorithm of supervised classification. The classified maps were assessed using confusion metrics. The results of the analysis showed that the Agricultural land has expanded during the study period of 1990-2018. During the study period, forest land, and shrub and grassland decreased by 19.5% and 15.61% respectively while Agricultural land and Built-up area increased by 33..63% and 1.48% respectively. Using three land cover maps, three SWAT model setup were run to evaluate the impacts of LU/LC changes on the streamflow of the study watershed. The performance of the SWAT model was evaluated through sensitivity analysis, calibrationand validation by using SWAT-CUP. The Coefficients of determination and Nash–Sutcliffe were used to evaluate the model and it resulted in 0.87 and 0.73 for calibration and 0.82 and 0.68 for validation respectively. During the study periods, the simulation result indicated that streamflow increased in the wet season and short rainy season streamflow by 9.64% and 3.05% respectively, while decreasing by 5.6% in the dry season. The Surface Flow (SURQ) increased by 12.58% while Groundwater Flow (GW_Q) decreased by 14.83% due to the increment of Agricultural land. The study resultsshowed change in flow with change in land use/landcover, so it needs landuse planning and sustainable water resource management
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    PHYSICAL IRRIGATION POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT FOR SURFACE IRRICATION: A CASE STUDY IN CHEMOGA WATERSHED, UPPER BLUE NILE BASIN, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2020-10-11) KASSANESH MELKAM MENGISTE
    Assessment of available land and water resources for irrigation is essential for planning their use, to utilize limited resources efficiently and for the sustainable production of crops and food security of the ever increasing people in developing countries like Ethiopia. The study was mainly focused on assessing the available land and water resources potential for surface irrigation of Chemoga Watershed. This was done by using Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) tools, a hydrological Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and a Crop Water and Irrigation Requirements Program of FAO (CROPWAT) model. GIS was used to map the land suitable for surface irrigation based on slope, soil, land use /land cover, and river proximity. SWAT model was used to estimate the water availability, and CROPWAT model calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, net and gross irrigation water requirement of crops. Potentially suitable land for surface irrigation development was evaluated by selecting six crops (barley, wheat, bean, maize, onion, and potato). The result of the overall weighted analysis for these factors gave about 25462.08 ha (71.4 %) of the Watershed land considered as high to moderately suitable whereas 10427.53 ha (28.6 %) were not suitable for surface irrigation. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated from the available hydro metrological and spatial data. Model performance result showed in between the observed and simulated stream flow with coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (ENS) values 0.86 and 0.7 for calibration, and 0.74 and 0.63 for validation, respectively and indicated a good performance of the model in simulating the hydrology. The annual average simulated stream flow was evaluated and 36.2 m 3 /s. The water demand required by the selected crops was 228.18m3 /s/ha. From the total available suitable land, only 12376.03 ha can be irrigating with the available water
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    INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIO-SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    (Hawassa University, 2023-10-24) YONAS HAILU WASE
    The goal of this study was to assess the groundwater potential zone in a Deme watershed area of the Omo-Gibe basin, Ethiopia, where data availability was poor. In this study, a number of data from a variety of sources have been used, including climate, stream flow, and spatial thematic layers including land use maps, soil maps, drainage density maps, geology maps, slope maps, lineament density maps, and geomorphology maps. In order to estimate the recharge amount and its spatio temporal fluctuation in the watershed, Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was utilized. At the Orata Alem location within the Deme watershed, several modeling techniques, sensitivity analysis, calibration beginning from 1991 to 2001, and validation 2002 to 2006 periods, were applied. As a result, the results of the calibration and validation phases showed that the model can accurately and reasonably reproduce the stream flow pattern and the various hydrograph responses, as indicated by the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(ENS) values of 0.78 and 0.74 and the coefficient of determination(R 2) values of 0.81 and 0.76, respectively. The watershed's mean annual recharge rate is estimated to be 214.5 mm/y, with the northern top section of the watershed experiencing a recharge rate of 233.77 mm/y, the middle of the watershed experiencing a recharge rate of 214.72 mm/y, and the lower part of the watershed experiencing a recharge rate of 194.51 mm/y. Analytical Hierarchical Process was used to rank the various layers based on a pair-wise comparison matrix in order to estimate the final normalized weights of thematic map layers. Groundwater flow direction was determined by the Surfer model. GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis was applied for mapping of groundwater potential zones and its results were used to identify three Groundwater Potential Zone: low, moderate and high, with area coverage of 26.3664 Km2 ,744.1776 Km2 and 271.9179 Km2 correspondingly. Around 71.4% of the region has a moderate groundwater potential, and 26.084% has a high potential. Lastly, groundwater well inventory data for 35 wells dispersed around the region were used to validate the Groundwater Potential Zone map in order to evaluate the model's efficacy. The validation results confirmed that 84.44% the study Ground water potential zone match with ground water well points in the Deme watershed, so that the applied approach provides well reasonable results that can help in planning, management and sustainable utilization of the groundwater resources in this water-stressed area.
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    ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE IRRIGATION POTENTIAL: THE CASE OF GIDABO WATERSHED, RIFT VALLEY LAKES BASIN, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2019-03-07) AZEMERAW ALEMU
    Ethiopia has immense potential in expanding irrigated agriculture. Irrigable land assessment is essential for the development of irrigated agriculture. The study was aimed at assessing land potential of Gidado watershed. Land suitable for irrigation development was determined with a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation, which considers the interaction of various factors such as slope, soil, LULC, proximity to river and road. The Analytical Hierarchal Process (AHP) and ArcSWAT were used for analyzing the different factors by assigning weights and mapping of suitable potential irrigable areas and surface water potential of the study area was estimated using SWAT model respectively. The model was calibrated and validated from observed stream flow data at three monitoring sites within the watershed using the periods of 1993-2004 and 2005-2012 respectively by using SWAT-CUP program and Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) was used for identifying important model parameters. The irrigable land of the area was identified using weighted overlay analysis of the suitability parameters, thus the result indicated that 1138.31 km2 areas was classified suitable and 2042.19 km2 area was classified as not suitable for surface irrigation. During calibration and validation, the results of model performance indicators were in the acceptable range (R 2= 0.68, 0.73, 0.72), (NSE = 0.60, 0.63, 0.71) and (PBIAS=12.2, -9.0 and -14.0) for Gidabo, Kola and Bedessa rivers respectively which indicated that a good to very good agreement between observed and simulated values. And average surface water resource potential of the catchment estimated to be 86.36m3 /s or 223.86 MCM. However after analyzing 25 years river discharge and determined the water demand of the crop, 74390.89ha (23.39%) of the potential irrigable area was estimated and could be irrigated consistently with runoff from the river systems. For sustainable irrigation development, other suitability factors such as soil chemical properties, socio-economic, environmental issues, and distance from markets and town should be considered
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    Effects of land use land cover changes on soil erosion risk in Beshilo sub basin and the influence on Tebi dam, north eastern highlands of Ethiopia
    (Hawassa University, 2022-03-15) Andarge Getachew
    Continuous increase of world’s population and demand for food and staple production poses a major challenge for agriculture in the short and medium period. In the current study area, soil loss information and evaluation of risk of potential of soil erosion was not assessed. So, the aim of these study is to assess and analyze the impact of land use land cover change on soil erosion risk using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the upper bushilo sub-basin northern-eastern highland of Ethiopia between 1990 and 2020. Primary materials and tools used are ArcGIS 10.8 software, ENVI 5.3 software, Landsat satellite image of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, ASTER DEM /DEM 30X30 was downloaded from USGS earth explore, Google earth pro as use for base map that also were downloaded for the four study periods. GPS, Camera, Internet access, and computer software were used for data processing and GIS analysis. the watershed’s computed soil loss ranged from zero in plain areas and water courses to large over 68.7t ha-1 yr -1 . In very degraded sloping regions and at specific spots of steep slopes of the watershed, gross soil loss rate ranged to 79.65 t/ha. It shows a larger spatial variation of soil loss over the watershed. It is mainly caused by the difference in soil, rainfall, slope, land cover, and improper land management. The estimated mean annual gross soil loss from 1990-2020 under the entire watershed is about a 9.94 t/ha/yr. Within the study period (1990-2020), 41723.8 ton soil has transported to Tebi dam. The GIS-based RUSLE model can assist decision-makers in effective planning for erosion control studies on risky areas