Institute of Technology

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The Institute of Technology focuses on education, research, and innovation in engineering, technology, and applied sciences to support sustainable development.

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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.GIS

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    INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIO-SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    (Hawassa University, 2023-10-24) YONAS HAILU WASE
    The goal of this study was to assess the groundwater potential zone in a Deme watershed area of the Omo-Gibe basin, Ethiopia, where data availability was poor. In this study, a number of data from a variety of sources have been used, including climate, stream flow, and spatial thematic layers including land use maps, soil maps, drainage density maps, geology maps, slope maps, lineament density maps, and geomorphology maps. In order to estimate the recharge amount and its spatio temporal fluctuation in the watershed, Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was utilized. At the Orata Alem location within the Deme watershed, several modeling techniques, sensitivity analysis, calibration beginning from 1991 to 2001, and validation 2002 to 2006 periods, were applied. As a result, the results of the calibration and validation phases showed that the model can accurately and reasonably reproduce the stream flow pattern and the various hydrograph responses, as indicated by the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(ENS) values of 0.78 and 0.74 and the coefficient of determination(R 2) values of 0.81 and 0.76, respectively. The watershed's mean annual recharge rate is estimated to be 214.5 mm/y, with the northern top section of the watershed experiencing a recharge rate of 233.77 mm/y, the middle of the watershed experiencing a recharge rate of 214.72 mm/y, and the lower part of the watershed experiencing a recharge rate of 194.51 mm/y. Analytical Hierarchical Process was used to rank the various layers based on a pair-wise comparison matrix in order to estimate the final normalized weights of thematic map layers. Groundwater flow direction was determined by the Surfer model. GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis was applied for mapping of groundwater potential zones and its results were used to identify three Groundwater Potential Zone: low, moderate and high, with area coverage of 26.3664 Km2 ,744.1776 Km2 and 271.9179 Km2 correspondingly. Around 71.4% of the region has a moderate groundwater potential, and 26.084% has a high potential. Lastly, groundwater well inventory data for 35 wells dispersed around the region were used to validate the Groundwater Potential Zone map in order to evaluate the model's efficacy. The validation results confirmed that 84.44% the study Ground water potential zone match with ground water well points in the Deme watershed, so that the applied approach provides well reasonable results that can help in planning, management and sustainable utilization of the groundwater resources in this water-stressed area.
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    EVALUATION OF SMALL SCALE HYDROPOWER WITH DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT APPROACH AT UPSTREAM OF GIDABO RIVER FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
    (Hawassa University, 2023-12-07) HABTAMU HAILU
    Hydropower is considered as one of the most desirable source of electrical energy due to its environmental friendly and extensive potential available throughout the world. The main objective of this study has to evaluate the small scale hydropower potential for rural electrification of Gidabo river, estimation of discharge to power generation for each selected sites, study energy demand for rural community and finally to prioritize and rank the best suitable site based on multi criteria decision analysis. The materials such as, RET Screen model with the objective to make complete pre-feasibility studies, GPS also used to estimate elevations at different points and ArcGIS was used to delineate watersheds and to determine heads by developing contours. The study method, conducted by reviewed different literatures related with power potential assessment and the collection of hydrological and meteorological data after collected those data, then analyzing data’s by using different software models, after analyzed the data making prefeasibility study for site selection, and transferred flow data for ungauged sites by using area ratio method then calculated power produce potential for each sites then develop flow and power duration curves to select design flows and ranked potential sites based on multi criteria decision analysis to select best suitable sites ,finally energy demand forecasted by using end use method. There was six (6) potential study sites had been selected by using Geographical Positioning System (GPS) of field surveying along the river and represented each site by code with respect to the discharge, power, head, nearest town and road accessibility. Analytical hierarchy process was chosen in combination with GIS as a method of multi criteria decision making to prioritize and select best hydropower site. ArcGIS, MCDA, GPS and Google earth were used for visualization, data analysis and interpretation. Based on multi criteria decision analysis of suitability index value (SI)the site code A@D$ become first choice and site code A@C$ become the last . The total annually energy potential of the selected site code A@D$ was estimated about 33146.0 MWh, 24076.16MWh and 5263.18 MWh for 30 %, 50 % and 90 % of time exceedance respectively. All six potential sites in the study area are classified as small scales hydropower based on installed capacity and also medium based on head. Finally, the forecasted of energy demand for community and load analysis was performed by using end-use method, for this study consider residential, Community and commercial load analysis to energy demand forecasting and evaluation. Generally, this research will give a piece of information about the study area for those concerned body for future work also additional works and for the implementation of SHP Plants
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    Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using GIS Based Wetspass-M Model: The Case of Dedaba Watershed, Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia
    (Hawassa University, 2024-10-18) JIBRIL WAKEYO WARIO
    The Dedaba watershed, located within the Rift Valley Lakes Basin in Oromia, Ethiopia, is experiencing significant changes driven by agricultural expansion, land use and land cover (LULC) changes, and a growing population. These dynamics, combined with insufficient watershed management, have resulted in water resource depletion, pollution, and environmental degradation. The escalating demand for groundwater, driven by the population increase, present a considerable challenge in this region. This study utilized the WetSpass-M (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants, and Atmosphere under quasi Steady State – Monthly) model, a spatially-distributed water balance model, to assess seasonal and annual groundwater recharge, actual evapotranspiration, and surface runoff in the Dedaba watershed. The model integrates spatially distributed data on precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, temperature, wind speed, soil types, LULC, and topography. These datasets, processed using GIS techniques, allowed for the generation of detailed spatial water balance components. Calibration and validation of the model were conducted using observed groundwater levels and streamflow data, ensuring accurate simulations. The calibrated WetSpass-M model revealed groundwater recharge estimates ranging from 0.46 to 65.4 mm/year, with an average of 37.47 mm/year, representing 3.4% of the total recharge. To understand the impacts of LULC changes on groundwater recharge, the model was applied using LULC data from 1990 and 2020. Results indicated a continuous decline in recharge rates over this period, underscoring the significant influence of LULC on groundwater resources. Specifically, the model estimated recharge at 3.29 mm in January 1990, peaking at 6.03 mm in September, and dropping to 0.13 mm in December. By 2005, these values had decreased, with January at 2.84 mm, September at 5.2 mm, and December at 0.12 mm. The downward trend persisted into 2020, with recharge starting at 2.61 mm in January, peaking at 4.52 mm in September, and reaching 0.12 mm in December. The study highlights the critical need to consider temporal variability and long-term trends in groundwater recharge for sustainable water management in the Dedaba watershed. The analysis of LULC changes shows a rapid urban expansion, reduction of forests and grasslands, and consequent threats to groundwater recharge. Mitigating these risks requires collaborative efforts, including promoting afforestation, water-conserving urban farming, sustainable agricultural practices, and artificial recharge techniques. Future research should incorporate climate change projections to enhance groundwater recharge predictions and improve water resource management strategies.
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    GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL MAPPING USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING: A CASE STUDY IN WELMEL WATERSHEDE, GENALE-DAWA RIVER BASIN, SOUTHEAST ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-08-03) HAILEYESUS HIFAMO HILLO
    To fulfil the demand of a rapidly growing population in drought-prone areas with high rate of urbanization, identification and management of groundwater resources are required. In the welmel catchment, a search for an alternative source of water has been always a major issue. The current practice of groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) identification is time consuming and uneconomical. This study applied integration of GIS-Remote Sensing (RS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for mapping the GWPZ of welmel catchment , Southeast Ethiopia. This technique is a fast, accurate, and feasible technique. Groundwater potential zone influencing parameters were derived from Operational Land Imager 8, digital elevation model(DEM) 20*20 resolution and secondary sources were utilized in this research. These were geomorphology, lineament density , lithology, rainfall, drainage density , slope , elevation , LULC, and soil texture were prepared . Borehole data were used for results validation. All thematic layers were reclassified based knowledge based analysis that was reviewed from different kinds of literature. Then the weight for each factor was assigned according to their relative importance as per suitable based on Saatty's scale of AHP. The important factors result show that geomorphology and lineament density have a higher weight and soil texture has the lowest weight for identifying groundwater potential zone . For weights allocated to each parameter, the consistency ratio obtained was 0.061, which is less than 0.1, showing the weight allocated to each parameter is acceptable. The resulting GWPZ of the study area indicates four zones representing Very Low, Low, Moderate and High . The areal extent of high and moderate GWPZ is 350 km2 and 2256 km2 , respectively. low and very low GWPZ covers 10356 km2 and 1547km2 areas. The particular direction of groundwater flow is towards the NE and SE, coinciding with the direction of surface water flow. The validation result of 82.08% confirms the very good agreement among the groundwater record data and groundwater potential classes delineated. Thus, the identification of GWPZ by using GIS and RS through AHP is reliable for conducting similar studies.