Institute of Technology

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The Institute of Technology focuses on education, research, and innovation in engineering, technology, and applied sciences to support sustainable development.

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    GIS-BASED SURFACE IRRIGATION POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY IN MUGA WATERSHED EAST GOJAM ZONE, AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2021-10-22) ZELALEM ABEZA
    Assessing available water and land for surface irrigation is important for planning their use. The high dependency on rain-fed farming and erratic rainfall require alternative ways of improving agricultural production. The alternative to improve is through development of small scale irrigation schemes by assessing the available suitable land and water resources in sub-basin level. The objective of this study was assessing the land and water resources potential of Muga watershed in East Gojjam Zone for surface irrigation development using Geographic Information System. Identification of suitable land, estimation of available river flow, and determination of irrigation water requirement were the main steps that were followed. The land irrigation suitability factors considered were: slope, soil, land use/land cover, and river proximity. Estimation of river flow in the six manually added outlets was conducted by simulation after calibration and validation were carried out with the observed flow of gauged river using Soil and water assessment tool. The commonly cultivated crops in the area maize, onion and potato were selected, and the irrigation water requirements of these crops were determined using the CROPWAT8.0 model. Comparison between gross irrigation water requirement of the selected crops for the identified suitable land with simulated river flow at the area of the selected site was carried out. Overall, the weighted overlay analysis of these factors gave a suitable land among river sub-basin as G/muga 560ha, E/muga 3057ha, Bora 670ha, Gibstawit 404ha, and Genet 241ha. Mean monthly flow of 11.4m3 /s were determined at the watershed. A total of 3443ha (5.1%) was found to be potentially suitable for the development of surface irrigation project from a total watershed area of 67535ha. In conclusion, the irrigation potential of the area could be increased either by harvesting rainwater or using groundwater.
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    GIS-BASED SURFACE IRRIGATION POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TEME WATERSHED, EAST GOJAM ZONE, AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2022-03-28) GETNET GUADIE
    Assessment of available land and water resources for surface irrigation development within watershed level using Geographic Information System (GIS) is important for planning its use. Due to the development of irrigated agriculture is less regardless of its important to alleviate food insecurity and food production problem in the study area, improving of agricultural productivity within the study are needs a quantified irrigable land and potential of water resources through in a systematic and scientific way. Identification of suitable land and mapping to it for surface irrigation, estimation of available flow, determination of irrigation water requirement and Comparing the Gross irrigation water requirement of the selected crops for the identified suitable land with simulated river flow were the main steps that were followed. To identify suitable land, the land suitability parameters like slope, soil (texture, depth and drainage), river proximity, and LULC of the study area were used. Application of weighted overlay tool was used for analysis of these factors to give a suitable land among river sub watershed of Tejatil, G/Teme, Tige Bahar and Tiwa as 578ha, 735ha, 234ha and 955ha respectively, which accounts 13.7% of the total study area. Simulated flow of the four manually added outlets and one linking stream added outlet in the watershed after calibration and validation by considering 12 sensitivity parameters and observed flow of gauged river were conducted. The mean monthly flow of 4.34m3 /s was determined at the outlet of the watershed. Three crops (Tomato, Maize and Potato) were selected to grow on the identified irrigable areas and its irrigation water requirement of these crops were estimating by implementing CROPWAT8.0 model as an input of climatic, crop and soil data .By comparing gross irrigation water requirement of the selected crops for identified irrigable land and simulated river flow at the area of selected site, the total irrigation potential site of the study area for surface irrigation was found to be 555ha, which accounts 3.04% of the total study area. In conclusion, the potential irrigable land is very small due to the scarcity of water. Therefore, the irrigation potential of the area could be increased either by harvesting rainwater and using ground water or by analysis a suitability of other method of irrigation such as trickle/drip and sprinkler irrigation method.
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    GIS-BASED SURFACE IRRIGATION POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT OF MEKI RIVER WATERSHED, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-07-16) KUFA KAFU MILO
    Irrigation can contribute to food security by increasing food availability and cash income of smallholder farmers. However, surface irrigation development in the study area is hindered due to lack of reliable data of suitable land and available water potential. Therefore, this study assessed the land and water resources of Meki River watershed in rift valley lakes basin in Ethiopia using Geographic information system to identify suitable land and available water potential for surface irrigation. Land suitability factors such as soil depth, soil texture, soil drainage, slope and land use/cover were considered and their suitability analyzed using ArcGis10.3. Water availability assessed using soil and water assessment tool and calibrated and validated with observed flow. Flow duration curve from monthly simulated flow was developed to obtain the reliable monthly flow at 80% probability. Irrigation water requirements estimated using CROPWAT8.0 for the Maize, Onion and Tomato and compared with dependable flow to compute the potential irrigable area. Regarding evaluation factors the results showed that 52.31 % of slope, 89.9% % of soil depth, 75.95% of soil drainage 99.65% of soil texture and 94.73 % of land use land cover were in the range of highly to marginally suitable, whereas 47.69 % of slope, 10.1% of soil depth, 24.1% of soil drainage, 0.35% of soil texture and 5.27 % of land use land cover restricted for surface irrigation. Further weighted overlay results showed that 177,199 ha were in the range of highly to marginally suitable whereas 35798 ha were unsuitable. Besides, the results revealed that maximum and minimum dependable flow during crop growing period were 39.6 m 3 /s and 0.05 m 3 /s respectively. Moreover, the results showed that irrigation water demands vary from crop to crop, and 4126.04 ha were obtained to be potentially suitable for the development of surface irrigation project. This study concludes that there is huge suitable land and insufficient water availability in the watershed. Therefore, irrigation potential of the watershed can be increased through using water saving technology such as drip, sprinkler and selecting other less sensitive crops, also using other water sources such as Lake Water, ground water and rain water harvesting
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    FLOOD RISK MAPPING USING HEC-RAS MODEL: CASE STUDY ON WAJA WATERSHED IN RIFT VALLEY BASIN CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGION, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2024-04-22) ATEREFE TAMIRAT DEBOCH
    Flood is among the most devastating natural disasters worldwide, significantly affecting human lives and property. The current study conducted on the Waja River floodplain aimed to model and maps the flood inundation, flood hazard, flood vulnerability, and flood risk associated with flooding in the area. To achieve this objective, various data sources were utilized, including meteorological, hydrologic, and topographic data collected from different organizations. The study employed several tools and materials, including the HEC HMS and HEC-RAS models, GIS software, GPS devices, and metering tape. The HEC HMS model was used to analyze flood hazard and risk by developing inflow design floods for different return periods. The model was calibrated and validated using actual stream flow data. During model calibration the NSE value was 0.75, Percent Bias (PBIAS) was 2.02, coefficient of determination (R2 ) was 0.78, and Relative Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 2.03. During the validation period, the model achieved an R2 of 0.77, NSE of 0.76, PBIAS of 1.64, and RMSE of 1.3. After calibration and validation, the annual maximum precipitation from rainfall data was extracted to develop frequency storms for different return periods. These storms were then used as input for the HEC HMS model to generate flood hydrographs. The HEC-RAS model, combined with the flood hydrographs, was used to produce flood inundation maps, which were visualized in ARC-GIS software for detailed analysis. The results of the study indicated that for return periods of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years, the areas inundated by floods were 3030 ha, 3364 ha, 3520 ha, and 3683 ha, respectively. Additionally, the maximum flood depths were found to be 6.3m, 9.2m, 12.6m, and 14.45m for the respective return periods. The maximum flood velocities were 3.8 m/s, 4.7 m/s, 5.5 m/s, and 6.8 m/s for the same return periods. Flood hazard maps were derived from the depth, velocity, and duration of floodwaters, revealing that 35% of the flooded area was categorized as having very high and high hazard, while approximately 65% was classified as medium and low hazard. The flood vulnerability map classified approximately 17% of the flooded area as having high and very high vulnerability. About 18% of the flooded area fell into the moderate vulnerability class. The majority of the flooded area, approximately 65%, had low and very low vulnerability. By combining the flood hazard and vulnerability information, the study developed a flood risk map. The results showed that 24% of the area fell into the high and very high-risk categories