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    EFFECTS OF SALINE WATER AND IRRIGATION INTERVAL ON SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) YIELD AND ALTERING SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
    (Hawassa University, 2018-10-26) ATALEL AWOKE
    The declining availability of fresh water has become a worldwide problem, which maintains the development of alternative, secondary quality water resources for agricultural use. Several studies recommend that the need of attention for selected crops that can tolerate water and salinity stresses when saline water is used for irrigation. In this study, the effects of different irrigation intervals and salinity levels of irrigation water on Soybean yield and their impacts on soil physico-chemical properties were investigated using three irrigation intervals (I1 =3days, I2= 4days and I3= 5 days) with four salinity levels (S1= 4dS m-1 , 5dS m-1 and 6 dS m- 1 ) in a factorial combination using CRD with three replications. The result showed that salinity, irrigation interval and their interaction had shown highly significance effects (p<0.001) on number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant and grain yield of Soybean. The highest number of pod number (88.33), grain yield (2.31ton/ha) and number of seed per plant (172.33) was recorded from Soybean which was irrigated with the first salinity level, i.e. fresh water (S1) with irrigation interval of (3 days), S1I1;while the lowest pod number per plant (6.67), number of seed per plant (12.67) and minimum grain yield (0.034 ton/ha) were obtained from Soybean irrigated by salinity level four (S4) with 5 days irrigation interval (S4I3).Statistical analysis showed that salinity ,irrigation interval and their interaction showed highly significance effects (p<0.001)on electrical conductivity of soil. Irrigation with highest salinity level (S4) with five days of irrigation interval resulted in the salt accumulation in the root zone from 0.41 μS m -1 (before sowing) up to 13.73 μS/cm at the end of growing period and exchangeable Sodium of 0.2 cmol/Kg was found before sowing while 0.82cmol/kg was found after harvesting. Therefore, based on soil salinity and crop yield, irrigation interval of 3 days at lower levels of irrigation water salinities (up to 3 dS m-1 ) is suitable for soybean production in the study area. The study also showed that salinity and irrigation interval significantly affected the soil nutrients (p< 0.001) despite their interaction were not significantly affected on soil nutrients. Increasing the concentration of salt in irrigation water reduce availability of nutrients in the soil. Soil which was irrigated by salinity level four (S4=6dS/m) had lowest Organic Matter, Organic Carbon, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) content. Highest Organic Matter, Organic Carbon, N and P content were observed at soils which were irrigated by fresh water. This indicates that there is a need for giving attention for management of soil besides achieving Soybean yield production when saline water is used for irrigation
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    EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATION INTERVAL ON YIELD AND ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF HARICOT BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) IN ADAMI TULLU, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2019-10-24) KASECH BELACHEW
    Availability of water in the required quality and quantity is vital for crop production. Water scarcity does not only occur in arid and semi-arid areas but also it occurs in areas that receive high rainfall and have abundant fresh water resources. Especially in regions with water shortage, deficit irrigation strategies have become important tools to attain higher water use efficiency and optimum yield. Proper irrigation interval is also used to utilize scarce water resources efficiently and effectively by applying the required amount of water when it is needed. These, however, need testing the application of the system under specific condition for a given crop. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of yield and above ground biomass of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under deficit irrigation and various irrigation intervals in Adami Tullu, Oromia, Ethiopia. The treatments were comprised of factorial combinations of two factors. The treatments were four levels of water application (100% , 85% , 70% , and 50% ETc) with three irrigation intervals (3, 5 and 7 days).The experimental design used in this study was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Irrigation depth was monitored using a parshall flume with an opening having 3 inch throat width. The analysis of variance for the result of the study indicated significant (P < 0.05) differences for yield, above ground biomass and WUE. The highest yield (2202.2 kg/ha) was obtained under treatments which received 100% ETc with 3 day irrigation interval, while the lowest yield (1220.2 kg/ha) was obtained under treatment which received 50% ETc with 7 day irrigation interval. In terms of crop yield and water use efficiency, 50% ETc deficit irrigation application with 3 day irrigation interval gave the highest CWUE of 0.54 kg/m3 and FWUE of 0.38 kg/m3 , while the lowest value of CWUE was 0.32 kg/m3 and FWUE was 0.26 kg/m3 were obtained under100% ETc with 7 day irrigation interval. Therefore, based on yield, above ground biomass and WUE, irrigation level of 85% ETc with 5 day irrigation interval could be recommended to achieve higher yield, above ground biomass and water use efficiency in water scarcity area
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    EFFECTS OF SALINE WATER AND IRRIGATION INTERVAL ON SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) YIELD AND ALTERING SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
    (Hawassa University, 2018-07-06) ATALEL AWOKE
    The declining availability of fresh water has become a worldwide problem, which maintains the development of alternative, secondary quality water resources for agricultural use. Several studies recommend that the need of attention for selected crops that can tolerate water and salinity stresses when saline water is used for irrigation. In this study, the effects of different irrigation intervals and salinity levels of irrigation water on Soybean yield and their impacts on soil physico-chemical properties were investigated using three irrigation intervals (I1 =3days, I2= 4days and I3= 5 days) with four salinity levels (S1= 4dS m-1 , 5dS m-1 and 6 dS m- 1 ) in a factorial combination using CRD with three replications. The result showed that salinity, irrigation interval and their interaction had shown highly significance effects (p<0.001) on number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant and grain yield of Soybean. The highest number of pod number (88.33), grain yield (2.31ton/ha) and number of seed per plant (172.33) was recorded from Soybean which was irrigated with the first salinity level, i.e. fresh water (S1) with irrigation interval of (3 days), S1I1;while the lowest pod number per plant (6.67), number of seed per plant (12.67) and minimum grain yield (0.034 ton/ha) were obtained from Soybean irrigated by salinity level four (S4) with 5 days irrigation interval (S4I3).Statistical analysis showed that salinity ,irrigation interval and their interaction showed highly significance effects (p<0.001)on electrical conductivity of soil. Irrigation with highest salinity level (S4) with five days of irrigation interval resulted in the salt accumulation in the root zone from 0.41 μS m -1 (before sowing) up to 13.73 μS/cm at the end of growing period and exchangeable Sodium of 0.2 cmol/Kg was found before sowing while 0.82cmol/kg was found after harvesting. Therefore, based on soil salinity and crop yield, irrigation interval of 3 days at lower levels of irrigation water salinities (up to 3 dS m-1 ) is suitable for soybean production in the study area. The study also showed that salinity and irrigation interval significantly affected the soil nutrients (p< 0.001) despite their interaction were not significantly affected on soil nutrients. Increasing the concentration of salt in irrigation water reduce availability of nutrients in the soil. Soil which was irrigated by salinity level four (S4=6dS/m) had lowest Organic Matter, Organic Carbon, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) content. Highest Organic Matter, Organic Carbon, N and P content were observed at soils which were irrigated by fresh water. This indicates that there is a need for giving attention for management of soil besides achieving Soybean yield production when saline water is used for irrigation.