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    APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION (MUSLE) IN THE PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT YIELD IN AGEWMARIAM EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED; TEKEZE RIVER BASIN, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2022-10-20) YONAS REDA SHAREW
    The severe effect of soil and water resource degradation in Ethiopia is putting pressure to take soil and water erosion control measures. To support the planning, management, and appropriate use of the soil and water resources the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) was used to model eventual sediment loss in Agewmariam experimental watershed. The model uses different methods for the estimation of the runoff energy, soil erodibility, slope length & steepness, cover management, and support practice factors input parameter values; so that calibration, evaluation, and validation of parameter values become mandatory. The model input parameters were collected from a combined process of field observation, laboratory analysis, Google Earth Pro, and GIS processing while cover management and support practice are adopted from literature. Analysis of input parameters was done with the help of ArcGIS and MS-EXCEL. The input parameter maps were overlaid to assign a value and the combined effect of the parameters for the suspended sediment yield was calculated on a raster calculator. The runoff energy factor is the most sensitive parameter followed by the slope length and steepness factor. For the calibration period, the event-based mean observed and estimated suspended sediment yields were 0.2 and 0.23 ton/ha respectively with a little overestimation; while for the validation period, is 0.7 and 0.53 ton/ha with great underestimation. The model evaluation shows a 0.85 coefficient of determination, a 0.85 coefficient of efficiency, and an index of agreement value of 0.96 for the calibration period which can be considered a good model performance, whereas a 0.84 coefficient of determination, 0.65 coefficient of efficiency, and an index of agreement value of 0.83 for the validation period. The result revealed the use of the MUSLE model in its original form without calibration is not proper. The evaluation result shows the model with the appropriate calibration is a good estimator of sediment yield so that it can be used for spatial prioritization of soil and water conservation need within the watershed or extrapolated to the neighboring similar watersheds
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    COMPARISON OF MUSLE, EPM AND PSIAC SEDIMENT ESTIMATION MODELS: CASE STUDY GEREB-SEGEN DAM WATERSHED, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2017-12-22) SOLOMON HAILU GEBREEGZIABHER
    Sedimentation of the dam reservoir is a series problem in Ethiopia. It also a major problem in many developing countries causing significant loss of water storage ,loss of agricultural productivities, loss of electrical supply and ecological changes. The MUSLE, EPM, and PSIAC models are tested for the prediction of sediment yield at Gereb-segen watershed, Tigray, Ethiopia. Poor land use practices and improper management systems have played a significant role in causing high soil erosion rates, sediment transport and loss of agricultural nutrients. The main objective of this study is comparison of sediment yield of the Gereb_segen dam reservoir, using the MUSLE, EPM and PSIAC models with the observed data and selection of appropriate model for the area. The research integrates the three models with Geographic information system (GIS), Remote sensing and Digital elevation model. Rain fall data, soil data , Geological data , Temperature, land use and land cover, crop management and conservation practices, infiltration rate of soil at filed level were used as input data sets to generate the three model factor values. As a result, MUSLE estimates that sediment yield of the study area to the range between 3.89 & 26.45 ton/ha/yr where as EPM estimates the sediment yield in the range of 84.20 to 344.09 ton/ha/yr and PSIAC also estimate 0.16 to 8.90 ton/ha/yr. As they were, compared the three models used to estimate sediment yield of the target area with the measured data which studied by Haregeweyni et al.(2008) sediment yield of 11.82 ton/ha/yr, the MUSLE similar with 82.06% and the PSIAC model similar with 12.35% while the EPM model it is more differ from the measured data. Using the MUSLE model the Gereb-segen watershed sited 0.28% under low, 4.29% moderate, 48.64% high and 46.79% very sedimentation classes.