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    COMPARISON OF MUSLE, EPM AND PSIAC SEDIMENT ESTIMATION MODELS: CASE STUDY GEREB-SEGEN DAM WATERSHED, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2017-12-22) SOLOMON HAILU GEBREEGZIABHER
    Sedimentation of the dam reservoir is a series problem in Ethiopia. It also a major problem in many developing countries causing significant loss of water storage ,loss of agricultural productivities, loss of electrical supply and ecological changes. The MUSLE, EPM, and PSIAC models are tested for the prediction of sediment yield at Gereb-segen watershed, Tigray, Ethiopia. Poor land use practices and improper management systems have played a significant role in causing high soil erosion rates, sediment transport and loss of agricultural nutrients. The main objective of this study is comparison of sediment yield of the Gereb_segen dam reservoir, using the MUSLE, EPM and PSIAC models with the observed data and selection of appropriate model for the area. The research integrates the three models with Geographic information system (GIS), Remote sensing and Digital elevation model. Rain fall data, soil data , Geological data , Temperature, land use and land cover, crop management and conservation practices, infiltration rate of soil at filed level were used as input data sets to generate the three model factor values. As a result, MUSLE estimates that sediment yield of the study area to the range between 3.89 & 26.45 ton/ha/yr where as EPM estimates the sediment yield in the range of 84.20 to 344.09 ton/ha/yr and PSIAC also estimate 0.16 to 8.90 ton/ha/yr. As they were, compared the three models used to estimate sediment yield of the target area with the measured data which studied by Haregeweyni et al.(2008) sediment yield of 11.82 ton/ha/yr, the MUSLE similar with 82.06% and the PSIAC model similar with 12.35% while the EPM model it is more differ from the measured data. Using the MUSLE model the Gereb-segen watershed sited 0.28% under low, 4.29% moderate, 48.64% high and 46.79% very sedimentation classes.
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    ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELD OF GEFFERSA RESERVOIR WATERSHED
    (Hawassa University, 2021-07-10) KANAOL MERERA ABDISA
    Sedimentation is an important parameter to measure the life of a reservoir. It depends on sediment yield and sediment yield depends on soil erosion. This study has been conducted in Geffersa reservoir watershed in the upper Awash River basin of Ethiopia. The objective of the study is to estimate potential soil erosion, sediment yield from the watershed and identify hotspot areas for proper planning using Arc GIS and RUSLE adopted to Ethiopian condition. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) was integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) to model the spatial patterns in soil erosion in the watershed. All the parameters of the model (erosivity, erodibility, steepness, land use land cover, and supportive practice factors) were used in ArcGIS to create a soil erosion map. The annual soil loss of the watershed range from 0 to 728.48 ton/ha/year. The average annual soil loss value was found to be 23.6 ton/ha/year and has been classified into five erosion severities classes as very slight, slight, moderate, severe, and very severe to identify erosion hotspot area. Based on those results, 772.73 ha & 606.34 ha of the watershed were felt under severe and very severely vulnerable to soil erosion. The estimated Sediment yield delivered to the outlet was found ranges 0 to 78 ton/ha/year. The average annual sediment yield from the entire watershed is 5.3 ton/ha/year. If the same rate of sedimentation continues, the total storage volume will be filled up in 394 years. Out of the available reservoir sedimentation management strategies, watershed management is the best technique to minimize the sediment yield and its flow into the reservoir.