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    EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION LEVELS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) IN BENA TSEMAY WOREDA, SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2022-10-27) MEDHIN MADEBO MADA
    Scarcity of water is one of the major constraints for the development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, the effective use of available water by deficit irrigation is an alternative means to alleviate the problem and optimize the water productivity of crop in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation levels applied on yield, yield components and water productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The field experiment was carried out at Bena Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six irrigation treatments and three replications. The treatments were five water deficit irrigation levels (85%ETc, 75%ETc, 65%ETc, 55%ETc and 45%ETc) and full (100%ETc) as a control treatment. The result of analysis of variance showed that the different deficit irrigation levels applied had statistically significant (p < 0.01) effect on yield and yield component of sesame. Significant delay in flowering and maturity was observed as the water deficit level increased. The highest plant height, number of branch per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight, aboveground biomass, harvest index and straw yield were observed under control treatment (100%ETc), while the lowest observed in 45%ETc treatment respectively. The maximum grain yield (2164.56 kg/ha) was observed under control (100%ETc), while the minimum (1377.37 kg/ha) was obtained from 45%ETc treatment level. From the mean result of grain yield it was observed that control treatment (100%ETc) significantly different from all treatments except treatment under 85%ETc. The highest water productivity (0.55kg/m3 ) was observed under 45%ETc, while the lowest (0.39 kg/m3 ) was at control treatment. From the result of study it was observed that the obtained yield response factor (Ky) was less than unity (Ky < 1), this indicates that sesame is tolerant to water stress. From the result of study it was observed that deficit irrigation under 75%ETc resulted in significant water saving and improved water productivity with insignificant yield reduction; therefore, sesame could be irrigated at 75%ETc in region with limited water resource condition
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    EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) AT MELKASSA, CENTERAL RIFT VALLEY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2020-10-12) ABERA TESFAYE TEFERA
    The experiment was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center during off season under semi-arid climatic condition where moisture stress is higher. The study was under taken to evaluate effect of deficit irrigation on water productivity and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).The experiment was split plot design with three common bean varieties as main plots and four deficit irrigation levels as sub plots all of which replicated three times. Four deficit irrigation levels 100%ETc, 85%ETc, 70%ETc, 55%ETc and three varieties SER-119, Bio fortified small seed-5, Awash-2 were used for treatment combination. The combined result indicates that there was a significant variation among treatments for yield, above ground biomass and water productivity. All common bean varieties were significantly affected under deficit irrigation levels. Consequently, highest yield (3.4 ton/ha) was obtained from irrigating 100%ETc followed by (3.2 ton/ha) with 85%ETc less yield reduction. In contrast the intermediate (2.8 ton/ha) and smallest yield (2.4 ton/ha) was obtained from irrigating 70ETc and 55%ETc.Water productivity was ranged from (0.83 kg/m3 ) at full irrigation to (1.33 kg/m3 ) at higher deficit irrigation. Based on obtained yield and water productivity, under a limited water supply situation where the goal was to gain highest possible yield of common bean and water productivity utilizing application of water from 70%ETC to 85%ETC at each irrigation event offers opportunities for water saving with yield reduction which was compensated by irrigating other area by saved water. The result of economic analysis shown that the highest net benefit obtained from irrigating full 100%ETc of the three common bean varieties. Based on obtained data the MRR was greater than 50% irrigating common bean with deficit irrigation 85%, 70% and 55% is economically feasible depending on accessibility of water
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    RESPONSE OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) TO WATER STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS AT SANKURA WEREDA, SILTE ZONE CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2024-10-25) MOHAMMED AHMED SULE
    Water scarcity is one of the major challenges faced by the current agricultural systems worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to water stress levels at different growth stages on yield and yield components under Sankura Wereda conditions. The field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four water stress levels and a total of thirteen treatments and three replications. The treatments were 100% ETc as a control and 85 ETc, 70 ETc, 55 ETc, and 40% ETc stress at each four growth stages of development stage of crop. Data on yield and yield components were collected and their responses to water stress were statistically tested using Analysis of variance (ANOVA)). The collected yield and growth parameters include plant height , leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index, tuber number, tuber diameter marketable yield , and total yiel. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that the different levels of water stress applied had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on marketable tuber yield. The maximum marketable tuber yield of 41.52 tons/ha was achieved under full irrigation (100% ETc), and the minimum (32.86 tons/ha) was observed at 40% ETc at mid stage treatment. From the mean result of marketable tuber yield, it was observed that the control treatment (100% ETc) was significantly different from all treatments except the 85% ETc treatment water level. The highest water productivity (9.52 kg/m3 ) was observed under 40% ETc at mid stage. The water saved at 40% ETc and 55% ETc treatment resulted in 22.76% and 17.07% at mid stage, with yield reductions of 20.86% and 16.04, respectively. The marketable tuber yield obtained at 70% ETc was significantly higher than that obtained at 55% ETc and 40% ETc. From the result of the study, it was observed that the water stress levels on different growth stages when the water is a limitation ,70% ETc stress level give better result. Therefore, Irish potatoes could be irrigated at 70% ETc water stress level in limited water resource conditions.
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    EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION LEVELS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) IN BENA TSEMAY WOREDA, SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2022-07-21) MEDHIN MADEBO MADA
    Scarcity of water is one of the major constraints for the development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, the effective use of available water by deficit irrigation is an alternative means to alleviate the problem and optimize the water productivity of crop in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation levels applied on yield, yield components and water productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The field experiment was carried out at Bena Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six irrigation treatments and three replications. The treatments were five water deficit irrigation levels (85%ETc, 75%ETc, 65%ETc, 55%ETc and 45%ETc) and full (100%ETc) as a control treatment. The result of analysis of variance showed that the different deficit irrigation levels applied had statistically significant (p < 0.01) effect on yield and yield component of sesame. Significant delay in flowering and maturity was observed as the water deficit level increased. The highest plant height, number of branch per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight, aboveground biomass, harvest index and straw yield were observed under control treatment (100%ETc), while the lowest observed in 45%ETc treatment respectively. The maximum grain yield (2164.56 kg/ha) was observed under control (100%ETc), while the minimum (1377.37 kg/ha) was obtained from 45%ETc treatment level. From the mean result of grain yield it was observed that control treatment (100%ETc) significantly different from all treatments except treatment under 85%ETc. The highest water productivity (0.55kg/m3 ) was observed under 45%ETc, while the lowest (0.39 kg/m3 ) was at control treatment. From the result of study it was observed that the obtained yield response factor (Ky) was less than unity (Ky < 1), this indicates that sesame is tolerant to water stress. From the result of study it was observed that deficit irrigation under 75%ETc resulted in significant water saving and improved water productivity with insignificant yield reduction; therefore, sesame could be irrigated at 75%ETc in region with limited water resource condition
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    EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) AT MELKASSA, CENTERAL RIFT VALLEY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2020-10-13) ABERA TESFAYE TEFERA
    The experiment was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center during off season under semi-arid climatic condition where moisture stress is higher. The study was under taken to evaluate effect of deficit irrigation on water productivity and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).The experiment was split plot design with three common bean varieties as main plots and four deficit irrigation levels as sub plots all of which replicated three times. Four deficit irrigation levels 100%ETc, 85%ETc, 70%ETc, 55%ETc and three varieties SER-119, Bio fortified small seed-5, Awash-2 were used for treatment combination. The combined result indicates that there was a significant variation among treatments for yield, above ground biomass and water productivity. All common bean varieties were significantly affected under deficit irrigation levels. Consequently, highest yield (3.4 ton/ha) was obtained from irrigating 100%ETc followed by (3.2 ton/ha) with 85%ETc less yield reduction. In contrast the intermediate (2.8 ton/ha) and smallest yield (2.4 ton/ha) was obtained from irrigating 70ETc and 55%ETc.Water productivity was ranged from (0.83 kg/m3 ) at full irrigation to (1.33 kg/m3 ) at higher deficit irrigation. Based on obtained yield and water productivity, under a limited water supply situation where the goal was to gain highest possible yield of common bean and water productivity utilizing application of water from 70%ETC to 85%ETC at each irrigation event offers opportunities for water saving with yield reduction which was compensated by irrigating other area by saved water. The result of economic analysis shown that the highest net benefit obtained from irrigating full 100%ETc of the three common bean varieties. Based on obtained data the MRR was greater than 50% irrigating common bean with deficit irrigation 85%, 70% and 55% is economically feasible depending on accessibility of water
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    EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION LEVELS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) IN BENA TSEMAY WOREDA, SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2022-08-11) MEDHIN MADEBO MADA
    Scarcity of water is one of the major constraints for the development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, the effective use of available water by deficit irrigation is an alternative means to alleviate the problem and optimize the water productivity of crop in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of deficit irrigation levels applied on yield, yield components and water productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The field experiment was carried out at Bena Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six irrigation treatments and three replications. The treatments were five water deficit irrigation levels (85%ETc, 75%ETc, 65%ETc, 55%ETc and 45%ETc) and full (100%ETc) as a control treatment. The result of analysis of variance showed that the different deficit irrigation levels applied had statistically significant (p < 0.01) effect on yield and yield component of sesame. Significant delay in flowering and maturity was observed as the water deficit level increased. The highest plant height, number of branch per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight, aboveground biomass, harvest index and straw yield were observed under control treatment (100%ETc), while the lowest observed in 45%ETc treatment respectively. The maximum grain yield (2164.56 kg/ha) was observed under control (100%ETc), while the minimum (1377.37 kg/ha) was obtained from 45%ETc treatment level. From the mean result of grain yield it was observed that control treatment (100%ETc) significantly different from all treatments except treatment under 85%ETc. The highest water productivity (0.55kg/m3 ) was observed under 45%ETc, while the lowest (0.39 kg/m3 ) was at control treatment. From the result of study it was observed that the obtained yield response factor (Ky) was less than unity (Ky < 1), this indicates that sesame is tolerant to water stress. From the result of study it was observed that deficit irrigation under 75%ETc resulted in significant water saving and improved water productivity with insignificant yield reduction; therefore, sesame could be irrigated at 75%ETc in region with limited water resource condition
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    EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN DEGALUNA TIJO WOREDA, ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION
    (Hawassa University, 2018-03-25) Seyoum Tadesse H/mariam
    This study was carried out at Degaluna Tijo Woreda traditional irrigation scheme with the objectives of characterization of the scheme, evaluating the performance of scheme using XV selected performance efficiency indicators and analyzing water productivity in relations to water applied. In the highlands of Ethiopia, irrigation practices have long been in use since ancient times for producing food crops. It was low momentum irrigation development, whereas the developed irrigable land had not been irrigating as expected. The areas that had been to use accounts less than 20% of the total irrigable land. It was made by measuring canals capacity and efficiency, length of water flow. Performance evaluation of the scheme was made using selected performance indicators such as conveyance, application, storage efficiencies, and distribution uniformity along with the water productivity in terms of water use efficiency as well as external indicators. The result obtained showed that conveyance efficiency of 82.69%, 75.27 %, and 80.45%, respectively. In the field that application efficiency, storage efficiency and irrigation efficiency on economic eight farmers’ plot located on different ends of the command 49-58%, 42-60 % and 57-89% upper, middle and downstream irrigation scheme respectively. Regarding the output per area, Temela Gusha was better than other systems, but for the output per water supply the converse was true that is, Hobori was better than others were. The institutional arrangement was poorly to support the irrigation farm association and crop pattern trends with the crop water consumption. It observes that from time trend of remote sensing image environmental climate condition famine change rapidly accelerated from time to time