Institute of Technology

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The Institute of Technology focuses on education, research, and innovation in engineering, technology, and applied sciences to support sustainable development.

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    EVALUATION OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES SERVICE LEVEL IN GOMBORA WOREDA, HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-10-23) SOLOMON MEKESO
    All reports confirm that the rural water supply coverage of Ethiopia have been in strong upward trajectory since 1990. Different project has been implementing rural water supply schemes using community management program approach in Southern nation nationality and people of Ethiopia since 2003. The project has achieved significant result on rural water supply schemes; functionality, implementation rate and community empowerment. using community management program related researches confirm that the approach has achieved more than 98% of rural water supply scheme functionality. However, the level of service delivered by those functional water supply schemes had not been studied so far. Therefore, focusing on functioning rural water supply schemes in Gombora woreda, the presentstudy evaluated the service level using water quantity, quality, accessibility and reliability indicators, identify determinant factors affecting rural water supply schemes functionality and service level. The study is both qualitative and quantitative in its design. Questionnaire, focused group discussion, key informantinterview, observation, and document analysis are the main data gathering tools used in thisstudy. The quantitative data collected were analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package forSocial Science) and presented through tables, graphs and charts where as the qualitative information were precisely narrated. To come up with valid conclusion rural water supply schemes were selected using representative sampling technique. The household survey found water quantity is the worst to meet the national target, only 1/4th of beneficiaries met the water quantity set by the UAP. Design problems, lack of community cohesion during construction, monitoring and supervision and environmental problems were found as important factors affecting water supply service level beneficiaries get from functioning rural water supply schemes
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    COVERAGE AND QUALITY OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN RURAL AREAS OF DAMOT SORE WOREDA, WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2017-10-27) MESERET BEKELE
    Limited access associated with poor potable water supply, sanitation and hygiene make the community to depend on unsafe and poor water consumption and these calling for the expansion and improvement of basic water supply and sanitation services. This study was conducted in Damot Sore Woreda, Southern Ethiopia to examine coverage and quality of potable water supply and sanitation. For this study, four Kebele administrations were selected by purposive sampling technique and 83 households were randomly selected for primary data sources. Household surveys, key-informant interview and personal observations were used for primary data collection. Location map, water quality sampling point and spatial distribution of water supply schemes in the Woreda were prepared using Arc GIS 9.2 software. A total of 55 water samples were taken and examined for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters;11from source,11 from household containers,11 from drinking cup,11 for dry and 11 for wet season. The data from the respondents were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical technique. Accordingly, multiple linear regression models was applied to identify factors influencing the HH water coverage, one way ANOVA were employed to see the statistical difference of the variables at 5% significant level and correlation was also used to observe associations of variables. The findings revealed that the major problems regarding drinking water were: low coverage (46.5%), low spatial distribution of water points(58.4%), low quantity(average 6.9litres) consumption per capita and almost all residents take less than 20 litres of potable water and long fetching time (average 52.75 minutes). It was observed that, HH water coverage is influenced by family size (p=0.00), functionality of the schemes (p=0.014), time required to fetch water (p=0.00) and distance to the schemes (p=0.01) was found to be significant. The result of water quality test revealed that average values for all selected physico-chemical parameters such as pH (except hand dug well at Shamba kebele), EC, Turbidity(except hand dug well, on-spot spring and hand dug well at Bolela, Anchito and Shamba kebeles, respectively), TDS, TH, Nitrate, Iron, Fluoride, Magnesium and Chloride at source, storage and point of use were found within the acceptable limit of ES and WHO. However, the mean value of Temperature and Phosphate were beyond the recommended ES and WHO standards. The laboratory result of bacteriological water quality for all sampled sites exceeded to the ES and WHO standards. The value of temperature decrease significantly from water source to HH storage (p=0.036). However, other parameters showed no significant change from source to storage. The concentration of total coliform increases significantly from supply source to point of use (p=0.024). The dry and wet season measurement showed that variation in physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. However, statistically no significant difference observed between dry and wet season in all parameters studied. Lack of improved pit latrine, poor hand washing practice, improper handling and disposal of wastes and lack of clean storage facilities identified as the major factors responsible for poor sanitation situation, which contributes to the deterioration of drinking water quality in the Woreda. So, Woreda water supply service could not meet domestic water consumption (l/c/d) with existing capacity and gets lower. The water sources in the area are bacteriologically contaminated and therefore not suitable for domestic purposes unless treated.
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    TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS AND SUPPLY COVERAGE /CASE STUDY OF BODIT TOWN, DAMOT GALE WOREDA, WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA REGION
    (Hawassa University, 2023-10-11) LEBENU LEMA SHAMENA
    Water is the primary need to sustain life every citizen in the country has the right to have access to potable water. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the technical analysis of water distribution systems of Bodit Town using WaterGEMSv8i software. Both secondary and primary data sources were used for this study. Moreover, to analyze existing water distribution system a model was developed by using WaterGEMSv8i software. Modeling results showed violation of minimum pressure and velocity criteria at different junctions and pipes. After optimizing the existing water distribution system service reservoir, 93% of the junctions are in the recommended pressure range and 74.29 % of the pipes are in the recommended velocity range. The water loss of the town was 34.28% from the total water production. The analysis showed that the current total domestic water demand in town was 3535.64 m3/day and average per capital domestic water consumption was 23.49 l/c/day. Hence, this result indicates there is a big gap between demand and supply. Generally, the result of the analysis showed that, the overall hydraulic performance of water distribution of the town was poor and, it is therefore significant to improve the water distribution system capacities, changing the diameter of the pipe to get the proper level of pressure and velocity. Therefore, providing more attention to water losses reduction policies and strategies are vital for remedial measures, and this also helps to get clean water at house hold level. Drilling additional borehole water sources, to narrow the gap between supply and demand in water supply system.
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    TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE: A CASE OF BESHENO RURAL TOWN, WERA DIJO WOREDA, HALABA ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2025-10-10) TARIKU ABEBE ASFAW
    Drinking water is the most fundamental requirement for survival, every citizen of the country has the right to obtain it. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the technical analysis of water distribution system of Besheno rural town and assessment coverage of water supply. In this study, both secondary and primary data source were employed. Furthermore, to analyze the distribution system, a model was created using Water GEMS software. The analysis shows that the current total domestic water demand in town was 244.08 m 3 /day, the water supply coverage was 30 % and average per capital domestic water consumption was 12 l/c/day. Hence, this result indicates there is a gap between demand and supply. Using performance indicators including pressure, velocity, and head loss inside the water supply systems, the hydraulic efficiency of the supply system for water was assessed while the network of distribution was in operation. The result indicated that, 100% of the nodes are within acceptable range between (15m to 70m) for the existing distribution system of Besheno rural town. However, 64.74% of the nodes are within acceptable range between (15m to 70m), 25.81% of the nodes are above acceptable range (70m) and 6.45% of the nodes fall below acceptable range (15m) for the transmission mains and rural kebeles. According to the results of hydraulic performance analysis, 94% of the pipes in the research area have velocities below the recommended minimum velocity. 6% of the pipes within the current distribution system for water supply had velocities ranging from 0.6 m/s to 2 m/s. The head loss analysis shows that, 79% of the pipes are below the recommended minimum head loss range of 1m/km, and 15% are within the recommended head loss range (1 to 5m/km) and the rest of pipes, 5% head loss are above the recommend range. Generally, the result of the analysis showed that, the overall hydraulic performance of water distribution of the town was poor and, it is therefore significant to improve the water distribution system capacities, changing the diameter of the pipe to get the proper level of pressure and velocity. Drilling new boreholes sources and building additional service reservoir, to narrow the gap between supply and demand in water supply system. Water quality physicochemical test findings revealed that the fluoride concentration of boreholes exceeded than the Ethiopian standard and WHO recommendation. Thus, the community's water is treated before use
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    DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF FLUORIDE IN GROUNDWATER OF HAWASSA ZURIA WOREDA, SIDAMA ZONE
    (Hawassa Inversity, 2017-10-13) IYASU MARKOS CHICHOLA
    As per the Woreda Water Supply Office‘s study, the water source from the ground and surface water is polluted in Hawassa Zuria Woreda but their distribution and extent of pollution is not well understood.The main aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the fluoride ion concentration levels in Hawassa Zuria Woreda in the groundwater. The collected primary data were used to assess the distribution of the fluoride concentration levels in all groundwater sources. Fluoride concentration from twenty-three Kebeles was analyzed at laboratory of Fluorides in this research area. The delineation and mapping of Fluorides were carried out using GIS software, based on sampling at random bore holes during 2016/17 year of seasons. Areas of particularly high or low fluoride levels were identified. High fluoride greater than 6mg/l concentrations were found in Kajma Umbulo, Sama Ejersa, Jara Damuwa and Jara Karara provinces. Those provinces need for partial de-fluoridation and this must receive serious consideration since the water from those sources is currently being used for drinking purpose. From temporal distribution high fluoride distribution expected to occur during wet season which shows the best cares during this season than the others