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Subject: search.filters.subject.LULC

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    Effects of land use land cover changes on soil erosion risk in Beshilo sub basin and the influence on Tebi dam, north eastern highlands of Ethiopia
    (Hawassa University, 2022-03-15) Andarge Getachew
    Continuous increase of world’s population and demand for food and staple production poses a major challenge for agriculture in the short and medium period. In the current study area, soil loss information and evaluation of risk of potential of soil erosion was not assessed. So, the aim of these study is to assess and analyze the impact of land use land cover change on soil erosion risk using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the upper bushilo sub-basin northern-eastern highland of Ethiopia between 1990 and 2020. Primary materials and tools used are ArcGIS 10.8 software, ENVI 5.3 software, Landsat satellite image of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, ASTER DEM /DEM 30X30 was downloaded from USGS earth explore, Google earth pro as use for base map that also were downloaded for the four study periods. GPS, Camera, Internet access, and computer software were used for data processing and GIS analysis. the watershed’s computed soil loss ranged from zero in plain areas and water courses to large over 68.7t ha-1 yr -1 . In very degraded sloping regions and at specific spots of steep slopes of the watershed, gross soil loss rate ranged to 79.65 t/ha. It shows a larger spatial variation of soil loss over the watershed. It is mainly caused by the difference in soil, rainfall, slope, land cover, and improper land management. The estimated mean annual gross soil loss from 1990-2020 under the entire watershed is about a 9.94 t/ha/yr. Within the study period (1990-2020), 41723.8 ton soil has transported to Tebi dam. The GIS-based RUSLE model can assist decision-makers in effective planning for erosion control studies on risky areas
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    PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF HOSANNA TOWN THE CASE OF GOFER-MEDA SUB-CITY USING STORM WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL 5.1
    (Hawassa University, 2019-10-18) ESHETU DIKASO ULORO
    Urban storm water drainage systems are an increasingly important part of urban infrastructure that conveys storm water away from urban areas. Since such infrastructure play a key role in preventing urban floods, their performance should be monitored and quantified. In the study area, there is improper interconnection between road and urban storm water drainage system, lack of periodic maintenance, waste damping and absence of adequate size drain which result flooding during rainy season and damages properties and road users. The objective of this study was performance assessment of storm drainage system of Hosanna town for the case of Gofer meda sub-city. The various Meteorological data and spatial data were collected to assess performance of drainage system. Rainfall data for period of (1988- 2017) was used to identify probability distribution and to develop the intensity duration frequency (IDF) curve for Hosanna town. Log-Pearson type III have better R2 value in range( 0.6-0.88) and best fit of goodness of easy fit professional software and also used for this study to analysis of design RF for required return period 10 year for design and 25 year to check. The IDF Curve developed for various return periods to analyze RF and determine adequacy of existing drainage system and Compute peak runoff using rational method and SWMM 5.1. Observation and field visit method were used to explore and describe existing condition of drainage system. Digital elevation model (DEM) used as input data for ArcGIS software which used to delineate the runoff contributing areas and to prepare the SWMM input parameter. Storm water management model (SWMM5.1) was used to simulate 1-D view of the flood depth in the drainage system. Manning’s equation used for compute storm water drainage system capacity. Based on primary and secondary data collected, Storm water drainage system were designed with inadequate hydrological data and hydraulic analysis, the existing drainage system problems associated with in study area categorized as construction, community awareness and design. Total estimated peak discharge by rational method was 43.89m3/s and calculated existing drainage system capacity by manning’s formula was 33 m3/s. So, approximately 25% additional drainage system provision needed to handle coming flood. Therefore; this study recommends improvement of existing storm water drainage system, integration of solid waste management system in order to prevent the over flowing of floods as a result of blockage of drains, the drainage structures should be carefully cleansed, and suitable measures should be taken in order to make and drainage structures serve for intended purposes
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    IMPACTS OF LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE ON RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION (THE CASE OF RIBB DAM, IN LAKE TANA SUB BASIN, ETHIOPIA)
    (Hawassa University, 2020-10-21) MEBRATU ESUBALEW ENGIDA
    Land use land cover (LULC) change is the challenge and continuous drivers of environmental change. Understanding the rate and process of change is, therefore, basic for managing the water resources and the environment at large. This study was intended to analyze the LULC changes impacts on sediment load from 2000 to 2018 periods, and select critical (hot spot area) sub basins and recommend best management practice for Ribb watershed of Lake Tana sub basin, Ethiopia. Both climate and hydrometric (flow and sediment) data were collected and analyzed over the period 1990 to 2018. Two time satellite imageries of the Land sat product (2000 and 2018) were used for land use change detection. The hybrid classification technique for extracting thematic information from satellite images were employed by using ERDAS model for classification of LULC. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated to estimate sediment load of the watershed during the period 1992 to 2001 and 2002 to 2007 respectively. To manage the sediment load best management practices (BMP) as a scenario (filter strip, grassed water way and contouring) were implemented on 2018 LU map. The land use change detection result indicate that cultivated land has expanded from 66.87% in 2000 to 75.53% in 2018. Between 2000 and 2018 periods, it was increased by 8.66 %. The rate of increment during 2000–2018 periods were 608.915 ha/year. Similarly, settlement area had also increased by 2.09% from 2000–2018 periods. Similarly, shrub land and bare land also decreased at a rate of 412.868 and 227.651 ha/year, respectively, between 2000 and 2018 periods. Also the water body decreased at a rate of 1.593 ha/year between 2000 and 2018. The SWAT model result depict that the model give reasonable fit of sediment flux with observation during calibration and validation as evaluated with ENS ( 0.63 ) , R2 ( 0.67) and percent bias (17%) during calibration and ENS ( 0.58) , R2 ( 0.71) and percent bias of (12%) during validation period. Moreover, the severity of soil loss rate was increased with the average of 26.89 ton/ha/year from 2000 to 2018 LULC, which indicates that the management practice, was weak within the watershed. The BMP scenarios depict that filter strip was significant amount of LULC conversions practice and soil loss rate had occurred in the watershed from 2000 to 2018 periods, and expected to continue in the future. Thus, appropriate conservation and management practice are very much crucial to safe guard the life of the reservoir
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    IMPACTS OF LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE ON RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION (THE CASE OF RIBB DAM, IN LAKE TANA SUB-BASIN, ETHIOPIA)
    (Hawassa University, 2020-10-06) MEBRATU ESUBALEW ENGIDA
    Land use land cover (LULC) change is the challenge and continuous drivers of environmental change. Understanding the rate and process of change is, therefore, basic for managing the water resources and the environment at large. This study was intended to analyze the LULC changes impacts on sediment load from 2000 to 2018 periods, and select critical (hot spot area) sub basins and recommend best management practice for Ribb watershed of Lake Tana sub basin, Ethiopia. Both climate and hydrometric (flow and sediment) data were collected and analyzed over the period 1990 to 2018. Two time satellite imageries of the Land sat product (2000 and 2018) were used for land use change detection. The hybrid classification technique for extracting thematic information from satellite images were employed by using ERDAS model for classification of LULC. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated to estimate sediment load of the watershed during the period 1992 to 2001 and 2002 to 2007 respectively. To manage the sediment load best management practices (BMP) as a scenario (filter strip, grassed water way and contouring) were implemented on 2018 LU map. The land use change detection result indicate that cultivated land has expanded from 66.87% in 2000 to 75.53% in 2018. Between 2000 and 2018 periods, it was increased by 8.66 %. The rate of increment during 2000–2018 periods were 608.915 ha/year. Similarly, settlement area had also increased by 2.09% from 2000–2018 periods. Similarly, shrub land and bare land also decreased at a rate of 412.868 and 227.651 ha/year, respectively, between 2000 and 2018 periods. Also the water body decreased at a rate of 1.593 ha/year between 2000 and 2018. The SWAT model result depict that the model give reasonable fit of sediment flux with observation during calibration and validation as evaluated with ENS ( 0.63 ) , R2 ( 0.67) and percent bias (17%) during calibration and ENS ( 0.58) , R2 ( 0.71) and percent bias of (12%) during validation period. Moreover, the severity of soil loss rate was increased with the average of 26.89 ton/ha/year from 2000 to 2018 LULC, which indicates that the management practice, was weak within the watershed. The BMP scenarios depict that filter strip was significant amount of LULC conversions practice and soil loss rate had occurred in the watershed from 2000 to 2018 periods, and expected to continue in the future. Thus, appropriate conservation and management practice are very much crucial to safe guard the life of the reservoir