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Subject: search.filters.subject.water availability

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    WATER RESOURCE POTENTIAL INVESTIGATION OF LAKE HAWASSA WATERSHED BY USING A SOIL AND WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL (SWAT
    (Hawassa University, 2019-07-24) JUNDI YUSUF ABRAHIM
    Uncertainties in information about fresh water resource potential have created a critical situation for many countries. Investigating spatiotemporal variability of water resources is, therefore, a critical initial step for water-resource management. Successful planning and management of water resources require the application of effective integrated water resources management (IWRM) models that can solve the encountering complex problems in these multi-disciplinary investigations. In this work, the water resources of Lake Hawassa watersheds were modeled using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which is a continuous-time, semi-distributed, process-based model. The SWAT-CUP program was used for calibration/validation of the model with uncertainty analysis using the SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting program) algorithm over the period of 1990- 2015 at one gauge station. Parameter transfer method was used from gauged (Tikurwuha) sub catchment to ungauged one. The performance of the SWAT model was evaluated through sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation. Ten flow parameters were identified to be sensitive for the stream flow of the study area and used for model calibration. The model calibration was carried out using observed stream flow data from 1995 to 2010 and a validation period from 2011 to 2015 years. Both the calibration and validation results showed satisfactory match between measured and simulated stream flow data with the coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 0.71 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.66 for the calibration, and R2 of 0.64 and NSE of 0.59 of the validation period. The results reveal that the annual blue-water potential (water yield and deep aquifer recharge) of Lake Hawassa Watershed is 854 million m3 , Whereas the green-water flow (actual evapotranspiration) (ET) is 629 million m3 and green water storage (soil moisture) is 82 million m3 . Watersheds located around Wondo-Genet yield more blue-water resources compared to watersheds at the western side. The model highlights the water potential of the catchment under current circumstances and gives an insight into its spatiotemporal distribution over the watershed. This study provides a strong basis for the forthcoming studies concerning better water-resources management practices, climate change, and water-quality studies, as well as other socio-economic scenario analyses in the region.
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    GIS-BASED SURFACE IRRIGATION POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT OF MEKI RIVER WATERSHED, CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY OF ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-07-16) KUFA KAFU MILO
    Irrigation can contribute to food security by increasing food availability and cash income of smallholder farmers. However, surface irrigation development in the study area is hindered due to lack of reliable data of suitable land and available water potential. Therefore, this study assessed the land and water resources of Meki River watershed in rift valley lakes basin in Ethiopia using Geographic information system to identify suitable land and available water potential for surface irrigation. Land suitability factors such as soil depth, soil texture, soil drainage, slope and land use/cover were considered and their suitability analyzed using ArcGis10.3. Water availability assessed using soil and water assessment tool and calibrated and validated with observed flow. Flow duration curve from monthly simulated flow was developed to obtain the reliable monthly flow at 80% probability. Irrigation water requirements estimated using CROPWAT8.0 for the Maize, Onion and Tomato and compared with dependable flow to compute the potential irrigable area. Regarding evaluation factors the results showed that 52.31 % of slope, 89.9% % of soil depth, 75.95% of soil drainage 99.65% of soil texture and 94.73 % of land use land cover were in the range of highly to marginally suitable, whereas 47.69 % of slope, 10.1% of soil depth, 24.1% of soil drainage, 0.35% of soil texture and 5.27 % of land use land cover restricted for surface irrigation. Further weighted overlay results showed that 177,199 ha were in the range of highly to marginally suitable whereas 35798 ha were unsuitable. Besides, the results revealed that maximum and minimum dependable flow during crop growing period were 39.6 m 3 /s and 0.05 m 3 /s respectively. Moreover, the results showed that irrigation water demands vary from crop to crop, and 4126.04 ha were obtained to be potentially suitable for the development of surface irrigation project. This study concludes that there is huge suitable land and insufficient water availability in the watershed. Therefore, irrigation potential of the watershed can be increased through using water saving technology such as drip, sprinkler and selecting other less sensitive crops, also using other water sources such as Lake Water, ground water and rain water harvesting